String quartet |

Quartet (tambo) (akakotama) – chamber-instr. boka revanhu vachiridza mimhanzi yequartet; imwe yemhando dzakaoma uye dzisinganzwisisiki dzemimhanzi yekamuri. mhosva.

Kugadzirwa kwe K. vanozvimiririra sei. perform. Kuunganidzwa kwakaitika muuriri hwechipiri. 18 in. munyika dzakasiyana-siyana (Austria, Italy, England, France) uye pakutanga yaibatanidzwa nekugadzira mimhanzi yepamba, kunyanya pakati peViennese burghers, apo instr. ensemble kutamba (trios, quartets, quintets), kudzidza kuridza violin uye cello. Repertoire yeamateur K. yakagadzirwa kugadzira. TO. Dittersdorf, L. Boccherini, G. TO. Wagenzeil, Y. Haydn nevamwe, pamwe naDec. rudzi rwegadziriro yeK. zvinyorwa kubva kumaopera akakurumbira, overtures, symphonies, nezvimwe. Nekuvandudzwa kwebasa reViennese classics yemhando yemimhanzi yequartet, K. (2 violin, viola uye cello) inotenderwa semhando huru inotungamira yeprof. chamber instrument ensemble. Kwenguva yakareba K. hazvina kukwezva ngwariro. veruzhinji vakashanyira arr. ital. opera performances, instr. virtuosos nevaimbi. Mukubatana chete. 18 in. (1794) purofesa wechigarire. K., inochengetwa nephilanthropist Prince K. Lichnovski. Mukuumbwa kweK. vaisanganisira vaimbi veViennese vane mukurumbira: I. Schuppanzig, J. Maizeder, F. Weiss, Y. Zvinongedzo. In conc. mwaka 1804-1805 iyi ensemble yakapa yekutanga munhoroondo yemimhanzi. art-va yakavhurika yeruzhinji manheru emumhanzi wequartet. Muna 1808-16 akanga ari mubasa reRussia. basa muVienna yeCount A. TO. Razumovsky. Uyu K. akatanga aita zvese chamber-instr. Kiss. L. Beethoven (akadzidza achitungamirirwa nemunyori pachake), achiisa tsika dzekududzira kwavo. Muna 1814 muParis P. Bayo akaronga K., uyo akapa kunyoreswa manheru emumhanzi wekamuri nekunyoresa. Mukuenderera mberi nekusimudzira uye kufarirwa kwaProf. Quartet performance yakaita basa rakakosha naK. ChiJerimani. vaimbi br. Muller Sr., aive wekutanga Prof. K., to-ry akatenderera (muna 1835-51) mune dzakawanda. Europ. nyika (Austria, Netherlands, Russia, etc.). Nekudaro, kunyangwe conc. chiitiko mu 1st floor. 19 in. mutsara K. uye kuvepo kweiyo yakakosha lit-ry, iyo chaiyo dhizaini yekuita kwequartet yakanga ichangotanga kuumbwa. Zvimiro zveK. hazvisati zvanyatsotsanangurwa uye kuzivikanwa. semhando yekutamba. Mukuita kwequartet, pakanga pane zviratidzo zvakasimba zve solo-virtuoso musimboti; TO. yaionekwa nevakawanda kwete senge imwe chete inoita ensemble, asi Ch. arr. se "nharaunda" yeiyi kana iyo virtuoso violinist. Zvirongwa zvemanheru equartet zvaive zvemusanganiswa wega-chamber character. Mavari, nzvimbo huru yakanga yakabatwa nemabasa akanyorwa mumhando yezvinonzi. Mr. “brilliant quartet” (Quator brillant) ine chikamu chinoshamisa cheviolin yekutanga (N. Paganini, J. Maysedera, L. Špora nevamwe). Vateereri havana kukoshesa kuungana kwacho sekuita kwemuimbi ari oga. Yakarongwa naK. kunyanya ma virtuosos akatanhamara, manyorerwo awo aive asina kurongeka, asingaenderane. Kusimbisa kwekutanga wega kwakaratidzwawo mune maitiro evatori vechikamu muK. Somuenzaniso, W. Bull akatamba chikamu chekutanga violin mu quartet yeV. A. Mozart, akamira pachikuva, vamwe vatori vechikamu vachitamba vakagara mu orc. kana Nzvimbo yakajairika yevanyori K. ku con. 19 in. yakanga yakasiyana neyazvino. nguva (mutambi weviolin wekutanga akagara achipesana neyechipiri, mutambi wesero achipesana nemuridzi weviolist). Kuumbwa kweiyo quartet maitiro ekuita kwakaenderera panguva imwe chete nekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi yequartet, kupfumisa uye kuomeswa kwemaitiro ekunyora kwequartet. Pamberi pekuita ensemble, hunyanzvi hutsva hwakaonekwa. mabasa. DOS yakanyatsozivikanwa. munyori wenhoroondo. tendency - kubva pakuwanda kwe solo kutanga kusvika pakugadzwa kwechiyero pakati pe otd. manzwi emusangano, kubatana kwezwi rayo, kubatana kweva quartetists pahwaro hweunyanzvi humwe. dudziro chirongwa. Muridzi weviolin wekutanga, nepo airamba achitungamirira mumubatanidzwa, akazongova “wokutanga pakati pevakaenzana.” Panguva imwecheteyo, kuumbwa kwemaitiro ekuita kwakakonzerwa nemamiriro ezvinhu, umo makonti akaitwa (dzimba duku dzakagadzirirwa denderedzwa rakamanikana re "vakasarudzwa" vateereri), iyo yakapa quartet mimhanzi-kuita chimiro chemukati chekamuri. Kutaura kuzere kuzere kweiyo quartet style yaive mubasa rekuita reQuartet J. Joachim (Berlin), akashanda muna 1869-1907 uye akasika unyanzvi hwepamusoro. mienzaniso yekududzira kwechinyakare. uye zverudo. quartet music. Muunyanzvi hwake, maitiro akajairika ekuita kwequartet akaonekwa - stylistic unity, organic. kubatana kwezwi, kungwarira uye kupedzisa kwakanaka kwezvinyorwa, kubatana kwehunyanzvi. mutambo tricks. Mumakore aya K. vari kuwana mukurumbira, kunyanya muGermany. Yakanakisa Western European ensemble yaive K., DOS. Furanzi. mutambi weviolin L. Cape, uyo akaunza hutsva hutsva. maficha mune quartet maitiro ekuita, kunyanya mukududzirwa kweanonoka quartets naL. Beethoven. Munguva yemazuva ano K. tora nzvimbo yakakura mumusangano. Upenyu. Game technique pl. TO. yakasvika pakakwirira, dzimwe nguva virtuoso dhigirii rekukwana. Kufurira kwemimhanzi yequartet yemazuva ano. vanyori vanoratidzwa mukuwedzera kwetimbre uye simba. palette ye quartet ruzha, rhythmic hupfumi. mativi emutambo wequartet. Row K. anoita conc. zvirongwa nemoyo (kekutanga - Quartet R. Kolisha, Vena). Kubuda K. mune conc huru.

Mutambo wequartet muRussia wakatanga kupararira kubva kuma70-80s. 18 in. Pakutanga, nzvimbo yaro yaive estate-muridzi serf uye dare. hupenyu hwechando. Mubhiza. 18 in. Petersburg vaizivikanwa serf K. Count P. A. Zubov, iyo yaitungamirirwa nemutambi weviolin ane chipo N. Loginov, uye adv. Chamber ensemble inotungamirwa naF. Titz (akataura pavol. Mr. madiki hermitages). Nebhiza. 18 - kupemha. 19 cc amateur quartet mimhanzi-kugadzira yave yakakurumbira pakati pevanyori nevanyori, mumimhanzi. makagi uye salons eSt. Petersburg, Moscow uye akati wandei mapurovhinzi. maguta. Muna 1835, mutambi weviolin akakurumbira, mutungamiriri wePridv. kuimba chapel muSt. Petersburg A. F. Lvov akaronga Prof. K., kwete yakaderera kune akanakisa ekunze quartet ensembles yezana ramakore re19. Uyu K. akatenda R. Shuman, G. Berlioz. Kunyangwe hazvo zviitiko zvake zvakaitika mumhepo yakavharwa kugadzira mimhanzi (mumakonzati akabhadharwa akavhurwa naK. haana kuita), mubatanidzwa wakaunza St. Petersburg kwenguva yemakore makumi maviri ekushanda. vateereri vane zvigadzirwa zvakanakisisa. classical music. Mukutanga bonde. 19 in. makonzati eruzhinji muSt. Petersburg akapiwa naK., achitungamirirwa naA. Vieuxtan uye F. Böhm (yekupedzisira akaita basa rakakosha mukuzivikanwa kwemimhanzi yequartet naL. Beethoven). Mushure mesangano muna 1859 Rus. ice about-va (RMO), iyo yakavhura madhipatimendi uye muz.-dzidzo masangano muSt. Petersburg, Moscow nevamwe vakawanda. maguta ematunhu, zvachose quartet ensembles akatanga kugadzirwa muRussia. Vaitungamirirwa nevanoridza violin vakakurumbira: muSt. Petersburg - L. C. Auer, muMoscow - F. Laub, gare gare I. AT. Grzhimali, muKharkov - K. TO. Gorsky, muOdessa - A. AP Fidelman nevamwe. K., yaivepo kumapazi emunharaunda eRMO, yaive yakamira. Wokutanga K., uyo akatora conc. nzendo dzakatenderedza nyika, yaive "Russian Quartet" (main. 1872). Mubatanidzwa uyu, unotungamirwa naD. A. Panov, yakaitwa muSt. Petersburg, Moscow uye akati wandei mapurovhinzi. maguta. Muna 1896, izvo zvinonzi. Mr. Iyo Mecklenburg Quartet, inotungamirwa naB. Kamensky, kubva muna 1910 - K. TO. Grigorovich. Ichi chikwata chekirasi yekutanga chakaitwa mumaguta akawanda eRussia uye chaive chekutanga cheRussia K., kutenderera munyika dzekuMadokero kweEurope. Pasinei nekubudirira kukuru kwekugadzira kweRussia quartet performance, nguva dzose K. muRussia vaiva vashoma. Chete mushure meGreat Oct. socialist. revolution quartet performance muUSSR pasi pehurumende. rutsigiro rwawedzera simba. Mubhiza. 1918 muMoscow akasikwa mazizi okutanga. TO. – K. yavo. AT. Uye. Lenin, inotungamirwa naL. M. Zeitlin uye K. yavo. A. Stradivarius, inotungamirwa naD. C. Dehenya. Muna March 1919 muPetrograd K. yavo. A. TO. Glazunov inotungamirirwa naI. A. Lukashevsky. Basa rake rakaita basa rinokosha mukukura kwemazizi. quartet performance. Uyu K., uyo akafamba nenyika yose nemakonzati, haana kuita mukongiresi chete. horo, asiwo mumafekitari, akatanga kusuma vanhu vakawanda kupfuma yemabhuku epasi rose e<em>quartet, akamutsa kufarira kukuru mumhanzi wekamuri. "Glazunovtsy" ndivo vakatanga kuratidza kubudirira kwezizi. quartet claim-va Western-Europe. vateereri; muna 1925 na1929 vakatenderera munyika dzakawanda (Germany, France, Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, Norway, etc.). Muna 1921, Hurumende yakavabvisa. G. B. Vil'oma (Kyiv), muna 1923 - K. yavo. L. Beethoven (Moscow), im. Komitas (Armenia), muna 1931 - K. yavo. Bolshoi Theater of USSR, muna 1945 - K. yavo. A. AP Borodin (Moscow), nezvimwewo. Muna 1923 muMoscow. Conservatory yakavhura yakakosha quartet game class; yakapedza kudzidza nevenguva yemberi vatori vechikamu pl. quartet ensembles (incl. h TO. yavo. Komitas, K. yavo. A. AP Borodina, Mrs. quartet Cargo. SSR, nezvimwewo). Iyo All-Union Quartet Makwikwi (1925, 1938) yakabatsira mukuvandudza kwekuita kwequartet. Quartet ensembles akamuka mumarepublic, mune mazhinji ayo asati achinja pakanga pasina Prof. ice isk-va. MuAzerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, Lithuania, Tataria, nezvimwe. marepublic kumakomiti ephilharmonic neredhiyo anoshanda quartet ensembles epamusoro prof. nhanho Kuita hunyanzvi hunowanikwa mumazizi akanakisa. K., akabatsira pakusikwa kwezvizhinji. prod. zizi. quartet music (A. N. Aleksandrov, R. M. Glier, S. F. Tsintsadze, N. Ya Myaskovsky, W. Ya Shebalin, M. C. Weinberg, E. TO. Golubev, D. D. Shostakovich, S. C. Prokofiev nevamwe). Innovation pl. kubva kune izvi zvigadzirwa. aiva nesimba guru pakukura kwemazizi. maitiro ekuita kwequartet, inoratidzirwa nechiyero, hupamhi hwemimhanzi.

ZVINHU ZVAKAWANDA (mazita evatambi veviolin vekutanga anoratidzwa; rondedzero inopiwa mukutevedzana kwenguva)

I. Schuppanzig (Vienna, 1794-1816, 1823-30). P. Bayo (Paris, 1814-42). J. Böhm (Vienna, 1821-68). Hama Müller Sr. (Braunschweig, 1831-55). L. Jans (Vienna, 1834-50). F. David (Leipzig, 1844-65). J. Helmesberger Sr. (Vienna, 1849-87). Hama Müller Jr. (Braunschweig, 1855-73). J. Armengo (Paris, naE. Lalo, kubvira 1855). C. Lamoureux (Paris, kubvira 1863). X. Herman (Frankfurt, 1865-1904). J. Becker, anonzi. Florence Quartet (Florence, 1866-80). Y. Joachim (Berlin, 1869-1907). A. Rose (Vienna, 1882-1938). A. Brodsky (Leipzig, 1883-91). P. Kneisel (New York, 1885-1917). E. Hubai (Budapest, munenge muna 1886). J. Helmesberger Jr. (Vienna, 1887-1907). M. Soldat-Röger (Berlin, 1887-89; Vienna, kubvira 1889; quartet yevakadzi). S. Barcevic (Warsaw, kubvira 1889). K. Hoffman, anodaidzwa kudaro. Czech Quartet (Prague, 1892-1933). L. Cappe (Paris, 1894-1921). S. Thomson (Brussels, 1898-1914). F. Schörg, anonzi. Brussels Quartet (Brussels, kubvira kuma1890). A. Marteau (Geneva, 1900-07). B. Lotsky, anonzi. K. im. O. Shevchik (Prague, 1901-31). A. Betty, anonzi. Iyo Flonzaley Quartet (Lausanne, 1902-29). A. Onnu, anonzi. Pro Arte (Brussels, 1913-40). O. Zuccarini, inodaidzwa. Roman Quartet (Roma, kubvira 1918). A. Busch (Berlin, 1919-52). L. Amar (Berlin, 1921-29, naP. Hindemith). R. Kolisch (Vienna, 1922-39). A. Levenut (Paris, kubvira 1929). A. Gertler (Brussels, kubvira 1931). J. Mhuru, inodaidzwa. Quartet Calvet (Paris) 1930s, kubva 1945 mune itsva kuumbwa). B. Schneiderhan (Vienna, 1938-51). S. Veg (Budapest, kubvira 1940). R. Kolish, anonzi. Pro Arte (New York, kubvira 1942). J. Parrenen, anonzi. Parrenin Quartet (Paris, kubvira 1944). V. Tatrai (Budapest, kubvira 1946). I. Travnichek, inodaidzwa. K. im. L. Janicek (Brno, kubvira 1947; kubvira 1972, mutungamiri K. Krafka). I. Novak, K. im. B. Smetana (Prague, kubvira 1947). J. Vlah (Prague, kubvira 1950). R. Barshe (Stuttgart, s 1952, nezvimwewo).

QUARTETS YEPRE-REVOLUTIONARY RUSSIA

N. Loginov (Petersburg, kupera kwezana remakore rechi18). F. Tic (Petersburg, 1790s). F. Boehm (Petersburg, 1816-46). VN Verstovsky (Orenburg, 1820-30s). L. Maurer (Petersburg, 1820-40s). F. David (Derpt, 1829-35). FF Vadkovsky (Chita, 1830s). AF Lvov (Petersburg, 1835-55). N. Grassi (Moscow, 1840s). A. Vyotan (Petersburg, 1845-52). E. Wellers (Riga, kubvira 1849). Petersburg Quartet. madhipatimendi eRMO (I. Kh. Pikkel, 1859-67, nekukanganisa; G. Venyavsky, 1860-62; LS Auer, 1868-1907). G. Venyavsky (Petersburg, 1862-68). Moscow Quartet. madhipatimendi eRMS (F. Laub, 1866-75; IV Grzhimali, 1876-1906; GN Dulov, 1906-09; BO Sibor, 1909-1913). Russian Quartet (Petersburg, DA Panov, 1871-75; FF Grigorovich, 1875-80; NV Galkin, 1880-83). EK Albrecht (St. Petersburg, 1872-87). Quartet yebazi reKyiv reRMS (O. Shevchik, 1875-92. AA Kolakovsky, 1893-1906). Quartet yebazi reKharkov reRMS (KK Gorsky, 1880-1913). Petersburg Quartet. chamber society (VG Walter, 1890-1917). Quartet yeOdessa Dhipatimendi reRMO (PP Pustarnakov, 1887; KA Gavrilov, 1892-94; E. Mlynarsky, 1894-98; II Karbulka, 1898-1901, muna 1899-1901 panguva imwe chete ne AP Fidelman, AP Fidelman, 1902; 07; Ya. Kotsian, 1907-10, 1914-15; VV Bezekirsky, 1910-13; NS Blinder, 1914-16, nezvimwewo). Mecklenburg Quartet (St. Petersburg, BS Kamensky, 1896-1908; J. Kotsian, 1908-10; KK Grigorovich, 1910-18).

SOVIET QUARTETS

K. kwavari. V. I. Lenin (Moscow, L. M. Zeitlin, 1918-20). K. kwavari. A. Stradivari (Moscow, D. S. Krein, 1919-20; A. Kare. Mogilevsky, 1921-22; D. Z. Karpilovsky, 1922-24; A. Knorre, 1924-26; B. M. Simsky, 1926-30). K. kwavari. A. K. Glazunova (Petrograd-Leningrad, I. A. Lukashevsky, kubvira 1919). Muzo Narkompros (Moscow, L. M. Zeitlin, 1920-22). K. kwavari. J. B. Vilyoma (Kyiv, V. M. Goldfeld, 1920-27; M. G. Simkin, 1927-50). K. kwavari. L. Beethoven (Moscow, D. M. Tsyganov, kubva muna 1923 - Quartet yeMoscow Conservatory, kubva muna 1925 - K. yakatumidzwa zita reMoscow Conservatory, kubva muna 1931 - K. zita raL. Beethoven). K. kwavari. Komitas (Yerevan – Moscow, A. K. Gabrielyan, kubvira 1925; yakasimuka sechikamu chevadzidzi veMoscow Conservatory, kubvira 1926 - iyo Quartet yeVakasarudzwa, kubvira 1932 - Komitas K.). Nyika. Quartet yeBSSR (Minsk, A. Bessmertny, 1924-37). K. kwavari. R. M. Gliera (Moscow, Ya. B. Targonsky, 1924-25; S. I. Kalinovsky, 1927-49). K. Muz. masitudiyo eMoscow Art Theatre (Moscow, D. Z. Karpilovsky, 1924-1925). K. kwavari. N. D. Leontovich (Kharkov, S. K. Bruzhanitsky, 1925-1930; V. L. Lazarev, 1930-35; A. A. Leshchinsky, 1952-69 - K. vadzidzisi veInstitute of Art). K. All-Ukr. pamusoro-va chimurenga. vaimbi (Kyiv, M. A. Wolf-Israel, 1926-32). Post. quartet (Tbilisi, L. Shiukashvili, 1928-44; kubvira 1930 - State Quartet yeGeorgia). K. kwavari. L. S. Auera (Leningrad, I. A. Lesman, 1929-34; M. B. Reison, 1934; V. I. Sher, 1934-38). V. R. Vilshau (Tbilisi, 1929-32), gare gare - K. kwavari. M. M. Ippolitova-Ivanova. K. kwavari. Big tank yeUSSR (Moscow, I. A. Zhuk, 1931-68). K. kwavari. A. A. Spendiarova (Yerevan, G. K. Bogdanyan, 1932-55). K. kwavari. N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov (Arkhangelsk, P. Alekseev, 1932-42, 1944-51; V. M. Pello, kubvira muna 1952; kubva gore rino pasi pekutonga kweLeningrad Region Philharmonic). K. kwavari. Potash chirimwa muSolikamsk (E. Khazin, 1934-36). K. Mubatanidzwa wemazizi. vanyori (Moscow, Ya. B. Targonsky, 1934-1939; B. M. Simsky, 1944-56; muchimiro chitsva). K. kwavari. P. I. Tchaikovsky (Kyiv, I. Liber, 1935; M. A. Garlitsky, 1938-41). Nyika. Quartet yeGeorgia (Tbilisi, B. Chiaureli, 1941; kubvira 1945 - Georgian Philharmonic Quartet, kubvira 1946 - State Quartet yeGeorgia). Quartet Uzbek. Philharmonic (Tashkent, HE Simba, kubvira 1944 pasi peKomiti yeRadio Information, kubvira 1953 pasi peUzbek Philharmonic). Mabvazuva. quartet (Tallinn, V. Alumäe, 1944-59). K. Latv. redhiyo (Riga, T. Vein, 1945-47; I. Dolmanis, kubvira 1947). K. kwavari. A. P. Borodina (Moscow, R. D. Dubinsky, kubvira 1945). Nyika. Lithuanian quartet. SSR (Vilnius, Ya. B. Targonsky, 1946-47; E. Pauluskas, kubvira 1947). K. kwavari. S. I. Taneeva (Leningrad, V. Yu. Ovcharek, kubvira 1946; kubvira 1950 - iyo Quartet yeLeningrad Philharmonic Society, kubvira 1963 - iyo K. zita raS. I. Taneyev). K. kwavari. N. V. Lysenko (Kyiv, A. N. Kravchuk, kubvira 1951). Azerbaijan state quartet (Baku, A. Aliyev, kubvira 1951). K. Kharkov Conservatory (AA Leshchinsky, kubvira 1952), zvino Institute of Arts. K. kwavari. S. S. Prokofiev (Moscow, E. L. Brakker, kubva muna 1957, kubva muna 1958 - quartet yevadzidzi vakapedza kudzidza kuMoscow Conservatory, kubva muna 1962 - K. S. S. Prokofiev, P. N. Guberman, kubvira 1966). K. Mubatanidzwa weVanyori veBSSR (Minsk, Y. Gershovich, p. 1963). K. kwavari. M. I. Glinka (Moscow, A. Kare. Arenkov, kubvira 1968; kare - K.

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IM Yampolsky