Pierre Gaviniès |

Pierre Gavinies

Mumwe wevanonyanya kuridza violin veFrance muzana ramakore re1789 aive Pierre Gavignier. Fayol anomuisa padivi naCorelli, Tartini, Punyani naViotti, vachipa rakasiyana biographical sketch kwaari. Lionel de la Laurencie anopa chitsauko chose kuna Gavinier munhoroondo yeFrench violin tsika. Mabhuku akati wandei akanyorwa nezvake nevatsvagiri veFrance vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX-XNUMX. Kuwedzera kufarira muGavigne haisi tsaona. Iye munhu ane mukurumbira mubato reEnlightenment rakaratidza nhoroondo yetsika dzeFrance muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Sezvo atanga kuita kwake panguva iyo French absolutism yaiita seisingazununguki, Gavignier akaona kudonha kwayo muna XNUMX.

Shamwari yaJean-Jacques Rousseau uye muteveri ane shungu wehuzivi hwemaencyclopedist, ane dzidziso dzakaparadza hwaro hwepfungwa dzevakuru uye dzakabatsira mukuuya kwenyika mukumukira, Gavignier akava chapupu uye akapinda mu "kurwa" kunotyisa muhondo. munda we art, iyo yakashanduka muhupenyu hwake hwese kubva kune gallant aristocratic rococo kuenda kune inoshamisira operas Gluck uye zvichienda mberi - kune heroic civilism classicism yenguva yechimurenga. Iye pachake akafamba nenzira imwe chete, achipindura zvine hunyoro kune zvese zvemberi uye zvinofambira mberi. Kutanga nemabasa emhando yepamusoro, akasvika kune manzwiro enhetembo emhando yeRousseau, mutambo waGluck uye zvinhu zvehugamba zveclassicism. Aizivikanwawo nehunhu hwehufungidziro hwevaFrench classicist, iyo, maererano naBuquin, "inopa chimiro chakakosha kumimhanzi, sechikamu chakakosha chechishuwo chikuru chenguva yekare."

Pierre Gavignier akaberekwa musi waMay 11, 1728 muBordeaux. Baba vake, Francois Gavinier, aiva tarenda zviridzwa, uye mukomana akakurira chaizvo pakati zviridzwa. Muna 1734 mhuri yakatamira kuParis. Pierre aiva nemakore matanhatu panguva iyoyo. Ndiani chaizvo waakadzidza violin haazivikanwe. Zvinyorwa zvinongoratidza kuti muna 6, Gavignier ane makore gumi nematatu akapa makonti maviri (yechipiri musi waSeptember 1741) muConcert Spirituel hall. Lorancey, zvisinei, zvinonzwisisika anotenda kuti basa remimhanzi raGavignier rakatanga rinenge gore kana maviri apfuura, nekuti wechidiki asingazivikanwe angadai asina kubvumidzwa kuita mune yakakurumbira horo yemakonti. Mukuwedzera, mukonzati yechipiri, Gavinier akatamba pamwe chete nemukurumbira weFrench violist L. Abbe (mwanakomana) Leclerc's Sonata nokuda kweviolin mbiri, hunova humwe uchapupu hwemukurumbira wemuimbi wechidiki. Matsamba aCartier ane mareferensi echimwe chinhu chinoda kuziva: mukonzati yekutanga, Gavignier akaita debut yake neLocatelli's caprices uye F. Geminiani's concerto. Cartier anoti munyori, uyo akanga ari muParis panguva iyoyo, aida kupa Gavignier kushanda kwekonsati iyi, pasinei nehuduku hwake.

Mushure mekuita kwe1741, zita raGavignier rinonyangarika kubva kuConcert Spirituel poster kusvika muchirimo cha1748. Ipapo anopa makonti ane basa guru kusvika uye kusanganisira 1753. Kubva 1753 kusvika muchirimo cha1759, kuputsa kutsva mubasa rekonti yeviolinist. zvinotevera. Vazhinji vevanyori vake venhoroondo vanoti akamanikidzwa kusiya Paris muchivande nekuda kweimwe mhando yenyaya yerudo, asi, asati atomboenda kune 4 ligi, akasungwa akapedza gore rese mutirongo. Zvidzidzo zvaLorancey hazvitsigiri nyaya iyi, asi havazvipokane zvakare. Mukupesana, kunyangarika kusinganzwisisike kwemuridzi weviolin kubva kuParis kunoshanda sechisimbiso chisina kunangana nacho. Maererano naLaurency, izvi zvingave zvakaitika pakati pe1753 ne1759. Nguva yekutanga (1748-1759) yakaunza Gavignier mukurumbira mukuru muParis yemimhanzi. Vaanoshanda navo mumitambo vakadai saPierre Guignon, L. Abbe (mwanakomana), Jean-Baptiste Dupont, mutsigiri wenyere Blavet, muimbi Mademoiselle Fell, waakaramba achiimba naye Mondonville Second Concerto yeViolin uye Voice neOrchestra. Anobudirira kukwikwidzana naGaetano Pugnani, uyo akauya kuParis muna 1753. Panguva imwe cheteyo, mamwe manzwi anomutsoropodza akanga achiri kunzwika panguva iyoyo. Saka, mune imwe wongororo muna 1752, akarayirwa "kufamba" kuvandudza unyanzvi hwake. Kuonekwa kutsva kwaGavignier pamutambo wekonzati musi waApril 5, 1759 pakupedzisira akasimbisa nzvimbo yake yakakurumbira pakati pevaviolin veFrance neEurope. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, chete ongororo dzinonyanya kufadza dzinoonekwa nezvake; anofananidzwa naLeclerc, Punyani, Ferrari; Viotti, mushure mekuteerera kumutambo waGavignier, akamutumidza "French Tartini".

Mabasa ake anoongororwawo zvakanaka. Kuzivikanwa kunoshamisa, kwakagara muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore re1759, kunowanikwa neRomance yake yeViolin, iyo yaakaita nekupinda kwakasiyana. Romance yakatanga kutaurwa muongororo yemakumi manomwe, asi yatove semutambo wakakunda rudo rwevateereri: "Monsieur Gavignier akaita konsati yekwake. Vateereri vakamuteerera vakanyarara chose uye vakaombera maoko kaviri, vachikumbira kudzokorora Romance yacho. Mubasa raGavignier renguva yekutanga pakanga pachine zvakawanda zvemaitiro ehugamba, asi muRomance pakanga paine shanduko yakanangana neiyo lyrical manyorerwo akatungamira kune manzwiro uye akamuka seanopokana nehunhu hwekunzwisisa kweRococo.

Kubva 1760 Gavignier akatanga kubudisa mabasa ake. Yokutanga yavo ndeyekuunganidza "6 Sonatas yeViolin Solo neBass", yakatsaurirwa kuna Baron Lyatan, mukuru weFrench Guards. Sezvineiwo, panzvimbo yematanho akakwirira uye akasarudzika anowanzo kutorwa murudzi urwu rwekutanga, Gavignier anozvivharira kune mwero uye azere neruremekedzo rwakavanzika mumashoko anoti: manzwire angu chaiwo pamusoro pako” . Nezve zvakanyorwa naGavignier, vatsoropodzi vanocherekedza kugona kwake kusiyanisa kusingaperi musoro wakasarudzwa, achiratidza zvese muchimiro chitsva uye chitsva.

Zvakakosha kuti ne60s zvinoravira zvevashanyi horo yekonti zvaive zvichichinja zvakanyanya. Kufarirwa kwekare ne "arias inoyevedza" yemhando yeRococo ine simba uye inonzwisisika iri kupera, uye kukwezva kukuru kune mazwi kunoratidzwa. MuConcert Spirituel, muimbi wenziyo Balbair anoita makonsati uye akawanda marongero ezvimedu zvenziyo, ukuwo muridzi wembira Hochbrücker anoita chinyorwa chake chembira cherwiyo rwerwiyo Exode, zvichingodaro. kure nenzvimbo yekupedzisira.

Muna 1760, Gavinier anoedza (kamwe chete) kunyora yemitambo. Akanyora mimhanzi yeRiccoboni's matatu-aiti comedy "Imaginary" ("Le Pretendu"). Zvakanga zvakanyorwa pamusoro pemimhanzi yake kuti kunyange zvazvo isiri itsva, inosiyaniswa neine simba ritornellos, kudzika kwekunzwa mumatatu uye quartets, uye piquant zvakasiyana-siyana muArias.

Mukutanga 60s, zvinoshamisa vaimbi Kaneran, Joliveau uye Dovergne vakagadzwa vatungamiri veConcert Spirituel. Nekusvika kwavo, chiitiko cheiyi koniti institution chinova chakakomba. Rudzi rutsva rwuri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma, rwakarongerwa ramangwana rakanaka - iyo symphony. Pamusoro weorchestra ndiGavignier, sebhendi wevayori vekutanga, uye mudzidzi wake Capron - wechipiri. Okhestra inowana kuchinjika kwakadaro, maererano nemagazini yemimhanzi yeParisian Mercury, hazvichadiwi kuratidza kutanga kwechiyero chimwe nechimwe neuta paunenge uchiridza masimphoni.

Mutsara wakataurwa kumuverengi wemazuva ano unoda tsananguro. Kubva panguva yaLully muFrance, uye kwete mu opera chete, asiwo muConcert Spirituel, orchestra yakadzorwa zvakasimba nekurova kurova netsvimbo inokosha, iyo inonzi battuta. Yakararama kusvika kuma70s. Kondakita mu opera yechiFrench ainzi "batteur de mesure" muFrench opera. Kurira kunotyisa kwe trampoline kwakatinhira muhoro, uye vanhu vokuParis vakagwinya vakapa muitisi weopera zita remadunhurirwa rokuti “mutemi wemiti.” Nenzira, kurova nguva ne battuta kwakakonzera rufu rwaLully, uyo akakuvadza gumbo rake naro, izvo zvakakonzera ropa rehupfu. Munguva yeGavignier, chimiro chekare ichi chehutungamiriri hweorchestra chakanga chave kutanga kupera, kunyanya mukuimba kwesymphonic. Mabasa emuitisi, sekutonga, akatanga kuitwa neanoperekedza - violinist, uyo akaratidza kutanga kwebhari neuta. Uye zvino mutsara kubva "Mercury" unova wakajeka. Vakadzidziswa naGavignier naKapron, nhengo dze orchestra dzaisada kwete chete kuitisa battuta, asiwo kuratidza kurova neuta: iyo orchestra yakashanduka kuita ensemble yakakwana.

Muma60s, Gavinier semutambi ari pakakwirira mukurumbira. Ongororo dzinocherekedza hunhu hunoshamisa hwekunzwika kwake, kurerukirwa kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi. Kwete zvishoma kukoshesa Gavignier uye semunyori. Uyezve, panguva iyi, akamiririra hutungamiri hwepamusoro, pamwe chete nevechidiki Gossec neDuport, vachigadzira nzira yemhando yekirasi mumhanzi weFrench.

Gossec, Capron, Duport, Gavignier, Boccherini, naManfredi, vaigara muParis muna 1768, vakaita denderedzwa repedyo raiwanzosangana mu salon yaBaron Ernest von Bagge. Chimiro cheBaron Bagge chinoda kuziva zvakanyanya. Iyi yaive mhando yakajairika yevatengi muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, akaronga salon yemimhanzi kumba kwake, ine mukurumbira muParis. Nepesvedzero huru munzanga nekubatana, akabatsira vaimbi vakawanda vaishuva kuti vasimuke. Salon yeBaron yaive yemhando ye "yedzo nhanho", ichipfuura iyo vatambi vakawana mukana we "Concert Spirituel". Nekudaro, vaimbi vakatanhamara vekuParis vakakwezvwa kwaari kusvika pamwero mukuru nedzidzo yake encyclopedic. Hazvishamisi kuti denderedzwa yakaungana mu salon yake, ichipenya nemazita evaimbi vakanaka veParis. Mumwe mutsigiri wehunyanzvi hwemhando imwechete aive mubhengi weParisian La Poupliniere. Gavignier aivewo pedyo naye. “Pupliner akatora konzati dzenziyo dzakanakisisa dzaizivikanwa panguva iyoyo; vaimbi vaigara naye uye vakagadzirira pamwe chete mangwanani, zvinoshamisa nerunyararo, iwo masimphonies aifanira kuitwa manheru. Vose vaimbi vane unyanzvi vakabva kuItaly, vaimbi veviolin, vaimbi nevaimbi vakagamuchirwa, vakaiswa mumba make, pavakapiwa zvokudya, uye munhu wose akaedza kupenya pamakonzati ake.

Muna 1763, Gavignier akasangana naLeopold Mozart, uyo akasvika pano muParis, munyori weviolinist anozivikanwa zvikuru, munyori wechikoro chakakurumbira, akashandurirwa mumitauro yakawanda yeEurope. Mozart akataura nezvake semunhu akanaka. Kuzivikanwa kwaGavignier semunyori kunogona kutariswa nenhamba yemabasa ake akaitwa. Vaiwanzobatanidzwa muzvirongwa naBert (Kurume 29, 1765, Kurume 11, Kubvumbi 4 naGunyana 24, 1766), mutambi weviolin bofu Flitzer, Alexander Dön, nevamwe. Kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, rudzi urwu rwekuzivikanwa hachisi chinhu chinowanzoitika.

Achitsanangura hunhu hwaGavinier, Lorancey anonyora kuti aive akanaka, akatendeseka, ane mutsa uye asina kungwara zvachose. Iyo yekupedzisira yakaratidzwa zvakajeka maererano nenyaya inonakidza muParis pakupera kwema60s maererano nekuita philanthropic kwaBachelier. Muna 1766, Bachelier akasarudza kutanga chikoro chekupenda umo vechidiki veParis, avo vakanga vasina nzira, vaigona kuwana dzidzo. Gavignier akatora chikamu chine hupenyu mukusikwa kwechikoro. Akaronga makonzati mashanu ayo akakwezva vaimbi vakatanhamara; Legros, Duran, Besozzi, uye mukuwedzera, orchestra huru. Mari yakabuda mumakonzati yakaenda kuhomwe yechikoro. Sezvo "Mercury" akanyora, "vamwe maartist vakabatana nekuda kwechiitiko ichi chepamusoro." Iwe unofanirwa kuziva tsika dzakapararira pakati pevaimbi vezana remakore reXVIII kuti unzwisise kuti zvakanga zvakaoma sei kuti Gavinier aite muunganidzwa wakadaro. Mushure mezvose, Gavignier akamanikidza vaaishanda navo kuti vakunde rusaruro rwekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe vemimhanzi uye vauye kuzobatsira hama dzavo mune imwe mhando yehunyanzvi.

Mukutanga 70s, zviitiko zvikuru zvakaitika muupenyu Gavignier: kurasikirwa nababa vake, uyo akafa musi waSeptember 27, 1772, uye nokukurumidza - March 28, 1773 - uye amai vake. Panguva ino chete nyaya dzemari dze "Concert Spirituel" dzakawira mukuderera uye Gavignier, pamwe naLe Duc naGossec, vakagadzwa vatungamiri vesangano. Pasinei nekushungurudzika, Gavinier akatanga kushanda. Vatungamiri vatsva vakawana rendi yakanaka kubva kuguta reParis uye vakasimbisa kuumbwa kweorchestra. Gavignier akatungamira maviolin ekutanga, Le Duc wechipiri. Musi waKurume 25, 1773, konzati yekutanga yakarongwa nehutungamiriri hutsva hweConcert Spirituel yakaitika.

Akagara nhaka pfuma yevabereki vake, Gavignier akaratidza zvakare hunhu hwake hwekuzvarwa hwemutakuri wesirivheri uye murume ane mutsa wemweya usingawanzo. Baba vake, mugadziri wematurusi, vaive nevatengi vakakura muParis. Paive nemari yakakwana yezvikwereti zvisina kubhadharwa kubva kune vane chikwereti chake mumapepa emufi. Gavinier akavakanda mumoto. Maererano nevemazuva ano, ichi chaiva chiito chekushaya hanya, sezvo pakati pevakwereta vakanga vasiri vanhu varombo chete vaiona zvakaoma kubhadhara zvikwereti, asiwo vapfumi vapfumi vaisada kuvabhadhara.

Mukutanga kwa1777, mushure mekufa kwaLe Duc, Gavignier naGossec vakasiya dhipatimendi reConcert Spirituel. Zvisinei, dambudziko guru rezvemari rakavamirira: kuburikidza nekukanganisa kwemuimbi Legros, huwandu hwechibvumirano chekubhadhara neguta Bureau yeParis hwakawedzera kusvika ku6000 livres, zvichinzi kune bhizimusi regore reConcert. Gavignier, uyo akaona sarudzo iyi sekusaruramisira uye kutukwa kwaakaitwa iye pachake, akabhadhara nhengo dze orchestra zvose zvavainge vaine kodzero kusvika pakuguma kwehutungamiri hwake, vachiramba mukuda kwavo kubva pamubhadharo wake wemakonzati mashanu ekupedzisira. Somugumisiro, akaenda pamudyandigere asina kana chouviri. Akaponeswa kubva muurombo nemari isingatarisirwi ye5 livres, iyo yaakasiyirwa nemumwe Madame de la Tour, anoyemura zvikuru tarenda rake. Nekudaro, iyo annuity yakapihwa muna 1500, uye kuti akaigamuchira pakatanga chimurenga hazvizivikanwe. Zvingangodaro kwete, nokuti akashanda muchikwata cheTheatre cheRue Louvois mubhadharo we1789 livres pagore - mari inopfuura zvishoma kwenguva iyoyo. Zvisinei, Gavignier haana kuona nzvimbo yake sekunyadzisa zvachose uye haana kuora mwoyo zvachose.

Pakati pevaimbi veParis, Gavignier aifarira kuremekedzwa kukuru uye rudo. Pakukwirira kwechimurenga, vadzidzi vake neshamwari vakasarudza kuronga konzati mukukudza vakwegura maestro uye vakakoka opera artists nechinangwa ichi. Pakanga pasina kana munhu mumwe chete airamba kuita: vaimbi, vatambi, kusvika Gardel uye Vestris, vakapa mabasa avo. Vakagadzira purogiramu yakakura yekonti, mushure mokunge kutamba kweBallet Telemak kwaifanira kuitwa. Chiziviso chakaratidza kuti iyo yakakurumbira "Romance" naGavinier, iyo ichiri pamiromo yemunhu wese, icharidzwa. Purogiramu inosara yekonzati yakakura zvikuru. Inosanganisira "Haydn's symphony itsva", nhamba dzezwi uye dzezviridzwa. Iyo konzati symphony yeviolin mbiri uye orchestra yakaridzwa ne "Kreutzer hama" - yakakurumbira Rodolphe nemukoma wake Jean-Nicolas, zvakare tarenda violinist.

Mugore rechitatu rekuchinja, Kokorodzano yakagovera mari yakawanda yekuchengetedza masayendisiti akatanhamara uye maartist erepublic. Gavignier, pamwe chete naMonsigny, Puto, Martini, akanga ari pakati pevapenjeni venzvimbo yokutanga, avo vaibhadharwa 3000 livre pagore.

Pa 18 Brumaire ye8nd gore republic (Mbudzi 1793, 1784), National Institute of Music (remangwana Conservatory) yakavhurwa muParis. The Institute, sezvazvakaita, yakagara nhaka yeRoyal School of Singing, iyo yaivapo kubvira 1794. Pakutanga kweXNUMX Gavignier akapiwa chinzvimbo chepurofesa wekutamba violin. Akaramba ari munzvimbo iyi kusvika pakufa kwake. Gavinier akazvipira kudzidzisa nokushingaira uye, pasinei nokukwegura kwake, akawana simba rokuitisa uye kuva pakati pedare redzimhosva rekugovera mibairo pamakwikwi ekuchengetedza.

Semunhu anoridza violinist, Gavignier akachengeta kufamba kwehunyanzvi kusvika mazuva ekupedzisira. Gore risati rafa, akanyora "24 matine" - etudes yakakurumbira, iyo ichiri kuongororwa munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza. Gavignier akaaita zuva nezuva, asi zvakadaro akaoma zvakanyanya uye anowanikwa chete kune vanoridza violin vane hunyanzvi hwakagadziridzwa.

Gavignier akafa musi waSeptember 8, 1800. Musical Paris akachema kurasikirwa uku. Dare rerufu rakapindwa naGossek, Megul, Cherubini, Martini, avo vakauya kuzopa mutero wavo wekupedzisira kushamwari yavo yakafa. Gossek akapa rumbidzo. Saka zvakaguma hupenyu hwemumwe wevanonyanya kuridza violin vezana ramakore reXVIII.

Gavignier aifa akakomberedzwa neshamwari, vanoyemura uye vadzidzi mumusha wake unopfuura wepaRue Saint-Thomas, padyo neLouvre. Aigara pauriri hwechipiri muimba ine makamuri maviri. Midziyo yemukoridho yaisanganisira sutukesi yekare yekufambisa (isina chinhu), pokugara mumhanzi, macheya akawanda emashanga, kawadhiropu kadiki; muimba yekurara maive netafura yekupfekedza chimuni, zvigadziko zvemakenduru, tafura diki yehuni, munyori, sofa, zvigaro zvina zvemaoko nemacheya zvakasimudzwa muUtrecht velvet, uye mubhedha chaiwo wekupemha: sofa rekare rine misana miviri, yakavharwa. nemucheka. Zvinhu zvese zvaisakosha 75 francs.

Padivi pechoto, paivewo newadhiropu ine zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaunganidzwa mumurwi - makora, masokisi, menduru mbiri dzine mifananidzo yaRousseau naVoltaire, Montaigne's "Experiments", nezvimwewo imwe, goridhe, ine mufananidzo waHenry. IV, imwe yacho ine mufananidzo waJean-Jacques Rousseau. Muwadhiropu zvinhu zvinoshandiswa zvakakosha pa49 francs. Pfuma huru pane yese yenhaka yaGavignier iviolin naAmati, 4 violin uye viola nababa vake.

Nhoroondo dzeGavinier dzinoratidza kuti aive nehunyanzvi hwekuita vakadzi. Zvaiita sokuti “airarama maererano nazvo uye achivararamira.” Uye kunze kweizvozvo, aigara ari muFrench chaiye mune yake chivalrous maitiro kune vakadzi. Munharaunda yekunyomba uye yakashata, saka hunhu hwenzanga yeFrance yemakumi emakore echimurenga, munzvimbo ine ruremekedzo rwakavhurika, Gavignier aive akasiyana. Aisiyaniswa nemunhu anodada uye akazvimiririra. Dzidzo yepamusoro uye pfungwa dzakajeka dzakamuswededza pedyo nevanhu vakavhenekerwa venguva iyoyo. Aiwanzoonekwa mumba maPupliner, Baron Bagge, aina Jean-Jacques Rousseau, waaive naye pedyo neushamwari. Fayol anotaura chokwadi chinosetsa pamusoro peizvi.

Rousseau akatenda zvikuru hurukuro nemuimbi. Rimwe zuva akati: “Gavinier, ndinoziva kuti unoda cutlets; Ndinokukoka kuti uravire.” Achisvika kuRousseau, Gavinier akamuwana achibikira muenzi nemaoko ake. Laurency anosimbisa kuti munhu wose ainyatsoziva kuti zvakanga zvakaoma sei kuti aiwanzoshamwaridzana naRousseau agarisane nevanhu.

Kushatirwa kwakanyanya kwaGavinier dzimwe nguva kwaimuita kuti asaite zvakanaka, agumbuke, ave nechisimba, asi zvese izvi zvaifukidzwa nemutsa unoshamisa, hukuru, uye kudavidza. Akaedza kubatsira munhu wose aishaya uye akazviita asingafariri. Kudavidza kwake kwakanga kuri kwengano, uye mutsa wake wakanzwiwa navose vakanga vakamupoteredza. Akabatsira vamwe nezano, vamwe nemari, uye vamwe nekupera kwezvibvumirano zvinobhadhara. Hunhu hwake - kufara, kuvhurika, kushamwaridzana - kwakaramba kwakadaro kusvika pakukwegura kwake. Kugunun'una kwemudhara uyu kwaisava hunhu hwake. Zvakamupa kugutsikana kwechokwadi kubhadhara mutero kune vechidiki maartist, aive nehupamhi hunoshamisa hwemaonero, pfungwa yakanakisa yenguva uye itsva iyo yakaunza kune yake yaaida art.

Ari mangwanani oga oga. akazvipira pakudzidzisa; akashanda nevadzidzi nekushivirira kunoshamisa, kutsungirira, kushingaira. Vadzidzi vakamunamata uye havana kupotsa chidzidzo chimwe chete. Akavatsigira munzira dzose, akaisa kutenda maari pachake, mukubudirira, mune ramangwana reunyanzvi. Paakaona muimbi anokwanisa, aimutora semudzidzi, pasinei nokuti zvakanga zvakaoma sei kwaari. Paakambonzwa mudiki Alexander Bush, akati kuna baba vake: "Mwana uyu chishamiso chaicho, uye achava mumwe wevanyori vekutanga venguva yake. Ndipe kuno. Ndinoda kutungamira zvidzidzo zvake kuti zvibatsire kukudziridza unyanzvi hwake hwepakutanga, uye basa rangu richava nyore, nokuti moto unoyera unopfuta maari.

Kusava nehanya kwake zvachose nemari kwakakanganisawo vadzidzi vake: “Haana kumbobvuma kutora muripo kubva kune vaya vanozvitsaurira kumimhanzi. Uyezve, aigara achifarira vadzidzi varombo pane vapfumi, vaaiita kuti amirire kwemaawa akawanda kusvikira iye apedza zvidzidzo neimwe muimbi wechidiki ashaiswa mari.

Aigara achifunga nezvemudzidzi wacho nezveramangwana rake, uye kana akaona kuti mumwe munhu akanga asingakwanisi kuridza violin, aiedza kumuendesa kune chimwe chiridzwa. Dzakawanda dzaichengeterwa chaizvoizvo nemari yadzo dzimene uye nguva dzose, mwedzi woga woga, dzaipiwa nemari. Hazvishamisi kuti mudzidzisi akadaro akazova muvambi wechikoro chose chevanoridza violin. Tichatumidza chete akanakisa, ane mazita aizivikanwa zvakanyanya muzana ramakore reXVIII. Aya ndiwo Capron, Lemierre, Mauriat, Bertom, Pasible, Le Duc (mukuru), Abbé Robineau, Guerin, Baudron, Imbo.

Gavinier muimbi aiyemurwa nevaimbi vakatanhamara vekuFrance. Paakanga achingova namakore 24 okukura, L. Daken haana kunyora mitsetse yedithyrambic pamusoro pake: “Inzwi rakadini raunonzwa! Uta hwakadini! Isimba rakadini, nyasha! Uyu ndiBaptiste pachake. Akabata mweya wangu wese, ndafara! Anotaura kumoyo; zvinhu zvose zvinopenya pasi peminwe yake. Anoita mimhanzi yeItaly neFrench nekukwana kwakaenzana uye kuvimba. Kupenya kwakanaka kwakadini! Uye kufungidzira kwake, kubata uye kunyorova? Inguva yakareba sei maruva e laurel, kunze kweakanaka zvikuru, akabatanidzwa kuti ashongedze bhudzi duku rakadaro? Hapana chisingagoneki kwaari, anogona kutevedzera zvese (kureva kunzwisisa masitaera ese - LR). Anongogona kuzvikurira. Paris wese anouya achimhanya kuzomuteerera uye haanzwe zvakakwana, anofara kwazvo. Pamusoro pake, munhu anogona kungotaura kuti tarenda harimirire mimvuri yemakore ... "

Uye heino imwe ongororo, isingasviki dithyrambic: “Gavinier kubva pakuzvarwa ane hunhu hwese uhwo mutambi weviolin angashuvira: kuravira kusingafadzi, ruoko rweruboshwe uye uta; anoverenga zvakanakisa kubva papepa, zviri nyore kwazvo kunzwisisa marudzi ese, uyezve, hazvimubhadharire chinhu kuti agone hunyanzvi hwakanyanya kuoma, kusimudzira uko vamwe vanofanirwa kupedza nguva yakareba vachidzidza. Kutamba kwake kunombundira zvitaera zvese, kunobata nekunaka kwenzwi, kurova nekuita.

Nezve kugona kunoshamisa kwaGavinier kuita zvisingaite mabasa akaomarara anotaurwa muzvinyorwa zvese. Rimwe zuva, mumwe muItaly, asvika muParis, akasarudza kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira mutambi weviolin. Mukuita kwake, akabatanidza babamunini vake, Marquis N. Pamberi pekambani huru yakaungana manheru paParisian financier Pupliner, uyo aichengeta orchestra yakaisvonaka, Marquis akakurudzira kuti Gavignier atambe konzati yakanyatsogadzirirwa chinangwa ichi. nemumwe munyori, zvakaoma zvikuru, uye kunze kwezvo, zvakanyorwa patsva nechinangwa. Achitarisa pane zvinyorwa, Gavignier akakumbira kuronga zvakare kuita kwezuva raitevera. Ipapo marquis akataura nenzira inoshamisa kuti akaongorora chikumbiro chemuridzi we<em>violin “sekudzokera shure kweavo vanoti vanokwanisa kuridza nokungotarisa mimhanzi ipi neipi yavanopa.” Kurwadziwa Gavignier, pasina kutaura shoko, akatora violin uye akaridza concerto asingazezi, pasina kupotsa kana kanoti. The Marquis aifanira kubvuma kuti kuita kwacho kwaive kwakanakisa. Nekudaro, Gavignier haana kudzikama uye, achitendeukira kune vaimbi vakamuperekedza, akati: “Varume, Monsieur Marquis akandigezesa nekutenda nemabatiro andakamuita konsati, asi ndinofarira zvikuru maonero aMonsieur Marquis. Ndinozvitamba basa iri. Tanga patsva!" Uye akaridza concerto nenzira yokuti izvi, pane zvose, basa repakati rakaonekwa mune chiedza chitsva, chakashandurwa. Kwakanzwika kuombera maoko, izvo zvaireva kukunda kwakakwana kwenyanzvi.

Hunhu hwekuita hweGavinier hunosimbisa kunaka, kutaura uye simba rekurira. Mumwe mutsoropodzi akanyora kuti vana violin veParis, avo vaiva nenzwi rakasimba zvikuru, vachiridza pamwe chete, vaisagona kupfuura Gavignier musimba rokurira uye kuti aitonga akasununguka orchestra yevaimbi makumi mashanu. Asi akakunda vanhu vepanguva yake zvakanyanya nekupinda, kutaura kwemutambo, achimanikidza "sokunge kutaura uye kugomera violin yake." Gavignier ainyanya kuzivikanwa nekuita kwake kweadagios, zvishoma nezvishoma uye melancholic zvidimbu, zve, sezvavakataura ipapo, kune chikamu che "mimhanzi yemoyo".

Asi, hafu yekukwazisa, chinhu chisina kujairika chechitarisiko chaGavignier chinofanirwa kucherechedzwa sepfungwa yake yakapusa yezvitaera zvakasiyana. Aive pamberi penguva yake mune izvi uye airatidzika kunge akatarisa pakati pezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, apo "hunyanzvi hwekuedzesera" hwakava mukana mukuru wevatambi.

Gavignier, zvisinei, akaramba ari mwanakomana wechokwadi wezana remakore gumi nemasere; kuedza kwake kuita nziyo kubva panguva dzakasiyana uye vanhu pasina mubvunzo kune hwaro hwedzidzo. Akatendeka kune pfungwa dzaRousseau, achigovera huzivi hweEncyclopedist, Gavignier akaedza kuendesa nheyo dzayo mukuita kwake, uye tarenda rechisikigo rakabatsira mukuzadzikiswa kwakanaka kwezvishuvo izvi.

Aive akadaro Gavignier - murume wechiFrench chaiye, anoyevedza, akanaka, akangwara uye ane njere, aine huwandu hwakaringana hwekusava nechokwadi, kunyomba, uye panguva imwechete ane hunyoro, ane mutsa, ane mwero, ari nyore. Akadaro Gavignier mukuru, uyo Paris mumhanzi aiyemura uye aidada naye kwehafu yezana remakore.

L. Raaben