Henri Vieuxtemps |
Henry Vieuxtemps
Vhetinamu. Concert. Allegro non troppo (Jascha Heifetz) →
Kunyange Joachim weshure aiona Vieuxtan mutambi mukuru weviolin; Auer akakotama pamberi peViettan, achimutenda zvakanyanya semuiti uye munyori. Kuna Auer, Vietang naSpohr vaive vemhando yepamusoro yeunyanzvi hweviolin, "nekuti mabasa avo, rimwe nerimwe nenzira yavo, anoshanda semuenzaniso wezvikoro zvakasiyana zvekufunga uye kuita kwemimhanzi."
Yakanyanya kunaka ibasa renhoroondo yeVietnam mukuvandudza tsika yeEuropean violin. Aive muimbi akadzama, anosiyaniswa nemaonero anofambira mberi, uye kugona kwake mukusimudzira asinganeti kwemabasa akadai sekonsari yeviolin uye maquartets ekupedzisira aBeethoven munguva yavakarambwa kunyangwe nevaimbi vakuru vakawanda zvakakosha.
Panyaya iyi, Vieuxtan ndiye akafanotungamira aLaub, Joachim, Auer, kureva kuti, avo vaimbi vaisimbisa nheyo dzechokwadi muunyanzvi hweviolin pakati pezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.
Vietanne akaberekerwa mutaundi duku reBelgian reVerviers pana February 17, 1820. Baba vake, Jean-Francois Vietain, mugadziri wemachira nounyanzvi, airidza violin zvakanaka chose nokuda kwomudzidzi, aiwanzoridzwa pamapati uye muchikwata chechechi; Amai Marie-Albertine Vietain, vakabva kumhuri yenhaka yeAnselm - mhizha dzeguta reVerviers.
Maererano nengano yemhuri, apo Henri aiva nemakore maviri, pasinei nokuti aichema zvakadini, aigona kunyaradzwa pakarepo nekurira kweviolin. Sezvo awana mano emimhanzi akajeka, mwana akatanga kudzidza violin kare. Zvidzidzo zvekutanga akazvidzidziswa nababa vake, asi mwanakomana wake akakurumidza kumupfuura paunyanzvi. Ipapo baba vacho vakaronzesa Henri kune mumwe Leclos-Dejon, nyanzvi yokuridza violin aigara muVerviers. Mupfumi akapfuma M. Zhenin akatora chikamu chinodziya mune ramangwana remuimbi wechidiki, uyo akabvuma kubhadhara zvidzidzo zvemukomana naLeclou-Dejon. Mudzidzisi wacho akaona kuti aikwanisa uye akapa mukomana wacho nheyo yakanaka yokuridza violin.
Muna 1826, apo Henri aiva nemakore matanhatu, koniti yake yokutanga yakaitika muVerviers, uye gore rakatevera - yechipiri, muLiege yakavakidzana (November 6, 29). Kubudirira kwacho kwaiva kukuru kwazvo zvokuti imwe nyaya yakanyorwa naM. Lansber yakabuda mupepanhau romunzvimbomo, ichinyora nokuyemura nezvetarenda rinoshamisa romwana. Gretry Society, muhoro umo konzati yacho yakaitwa, yakapa mukomana wacho uta hwakagadzirwa naF. Turt, hwakanyorwa kuti “Henri Vietan Gretry Society” sechipo. Mushure memakonzati muVerviers neLiege, mwana prodigy aishuviwa kuti anzwikwe muguta guru reBelgian. Musi waJanuary 1827, 20, Henri, pamwe chete nababa vake, vanoenda kuBrussels, kwaanokohwa zvakare. Vezvenhau vanopindura kumakonzati ake: “Courrier des Pays-Bas” uye “Journal d’Anvers” vanotsanangura nechido hunhu hwekuridza kwake.
Maererano nerondedzero yevanyori vehupenyu, Viettan akakura semwana anofara. Pasinei nekukosha kwezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi, aifarira mitambo yevana uye pranks. Panguva imwecheteyo, mimhanzi dzimwe nguva yakakunda kunyange pano. Rimwe zuva, Henri akaona jongwe rokutambisa pahwindo rechitoro ndokurigamuchira sechipo. Achidzokera kumba, akangoerekana anyangarika uye akaonekwa pamberi pevakuru maawa matatu gare gare ane pepa - iyi ndiyo yekutanga "opus" yake - "Rwiyo rweCockerel".
Munguva yekutamba kweViet Tang mumunda wehunyanzvi, vabereki vake vakawana matambudziko makuru emari. Musi waSeptember 4, 1822, musikana anonzi Barbara akaberekwa, uye musi waJuly 5, 1828, mukomana, Jean-Joseph-Lucien. Paiva nevamwe vana vaviri - Isidore naMaria, asi vakafa. Zvisinei, kunyange nevamwe vose, mhuri yaiva nevanhu 5. Nokudaro, apo, mushure mokukunda kweBrussels, baba vake vakapiwa kutora Henri kuHolland, akanga asina mari yakakwana yeizvi. Ndaifanira kutendeukira zvakare kuZhenen kuti ndibatsirwe. Muchengeti haana kuramba, uye baba nemwanakomana vakaenda kuThe Hague, Rotterdam neAmsterdam.
MuAmsterdam, vakasangana naCharles Berio. Achinzwa Henri, Berio akafadzwa netarenda remwana uye akazvipira kumupa zvidzidzo izvo mhuri yese yaifanira kutamira kuBrussels. Zviri nyore kutaura! Kugariswa patsva kunoda mari netarisiro yokuwana basa rokudyisa mhuri. Vabereki vaHenri vakazengurira kwenguva yakareba, asi chido chekupa mwanakomana wavo dzidzo kubva kumudzidzisi anoshamisa saBerio akakunda. Kutama kwakaitika muna 1829.
Henri akanga ari mudzidzi anoshingaira uye anoonga, uye akanamata mudzidzisi wacho zvikuru zvokuti akatanga kuedza kumutevedzera. Clever Berio haana kuzvifarira izvi. Akanyangadzwa ne epigonism uye akadzivirira negodo rusununguko mukuumbwa kwehunyanzvi hwemuimbi. Naizvozvo, mumudzidzi, akatanga kuva munhu oga, achimudzivirira kunyange pakupesvedzera kwake. Achiona kuti chirevo chake chiri chose chinova mutemo waHenri, anomutsiura nenzira yokumhura, kuti: “Zvinosuruvarisa, kana ukanditevedzera saizvozvo, ucharamba uchingova Berio muduku, asi unofanira kuva iwe umene.”
Kunetseka kwaBerio kumudzidzi kunosvika kune zvese. Achiona kuti mhuri yeVietan iri kushaiwa, anotsvaga stipend yegore negore ye300 florins kubva kuna Mambo weBelgium.
Pashure pemwedzi mishoma yemakirasi, atova muna 1829, Berio akanga achiendesa Vietnam kuParis. Mudzidzisi nemudzidzi vanoita pamwe chete. Vaimbi vakurusa vomuParis vakatanga kutaura pamusoro peViettan: “Mwana uyu,” Fetis akanyora kudaro, “ane kusimba, chivimbo uye kuchena, zvinoshamisa zvechokwadi nokuda kwezera rake; akaberekwa kuva muimbi.”
Muna 1830, Berio naMalibran vakaenda kuItaly. Viet Tang inoramba isina mudzidzisi. Mukuwedzera, zviitiko zvechimurenga zvemakore iwayo zvakambomisa basa rekonzati raHenri. Anogara muBrussels, kwaanokurudzirwa zvikuru nemisangano yake naMademoiselle Rage, muimbi ane hunyanzvi anomusuma kumabasa aHaydn, Mozart, naBeethoven. Ndiye anobatsira mukuzvarwa muVietnam kwerudo rusingaperi rwemakirasi, eBeethoven. Panguva imwecheteyo, Vietang akatanga kudzidza kuumbwa, achigadzira Concerto yeViolin uye Orchestra uye zvakasiyana-siyana. Nehurombo, zviitiko zvake zvemudzidzi hazvina kuchengetedzwa.
Mutambo weVieuxtaine wakanga watova wakakwana panguva iyoyo zvokuti Berio, asati aenda, anorayira baba vake kuti varege kupa Henri kumudzidzisi uye kumusiya iye pachake kuitira kuti aratidze uye ateerere kumutambo wevanyori vakuru zvakanyanya sezvinobvira.
Pakupedzisira, Berio akakwanisa zvakare kuwana 600 francs kubva kuna mambo kuViettan, izvo zvakabvumira muimbi wechidiki kuenda kuGermany. MuGermany, Vietang akateerera Spohr, uyo akanga asvika kumukurumbira womukurumbira, pamwe chete naMolik naMaiseder. Apo baba vakabvunza Mayseder kuti anowana sei kududzirwa kwamabasa anoitwa nomwanakomana wavo, akapindura, kuti: “Iye haaatambire nenzira yangu, asi zvakanaka kwazvo, epakutanga kwazvo zvokuti zvingava nengozi kuchinja chinhu chipi nechipi.”
MuGermany, Vieuxtan anofarira zvikuru nhetembo yaGoethe; pano, rudo rwake rwemimhanzi yaBeethoven runozosimbiswa maari. Paakanzwa “Fidelio” muFrankfurt, akakatyamadzwa. “Hazvibviri kubudisa murangariro,” iye gare gare akanyora munhau youpenyu hwake, “kuti uyu mumhanzi usingaenzaniswi wakava nawo mumweya wangu somukomana ane makore 13 okukura.” Anoshamisika kuti Rudolf Kreutzer haana kunzwisisa sonata yakatsaurirwa kwaari naBeethoven: "... anosuruvarisa, muimbi mukuru akadaro, mutambi weviolin anoshamisa sezvaaive, angadai akafamba kubva kuParis kuenda kuVienna nemabvi ake kuti aone Mwari. , mutsividze ufe !
Saka pakaumbwa hunyanzvi hwekuita zveVietanne, hwakaita pamberi paLaub naJoachim muturikiri mukuru wemimhanzi yaBeethoven.
MuVienna, Vietanne anopinda zvidzidzo zvekunyora naSimon Zechter uye anonyatso sangana neboka revaBeethoven vanoyemura - Czerny, Merck, director weConservatory Eduard Lannoy, munyori Weigl, muparidzi wemimhanzi Dominik Artaria. MuVienna, kekutanga kubva pakafa Beethoven, Beethoven's Violin Concerto yakaitwa naVietent. Orchestra yaiitwa naLannoy. Mushure memanheru iwayo, akatumira tsamba inotevera kuVietang: “Ndapota gamuchirai makorokoto angu nenzira itsva, yepakutanga uye panguva imwe cheteyo yechinyakare yamakaita nayo Beethoven's Violin Concerto nezuro muConcert spirituel. Wabata humbowo hwebasa iri, hunyanzvi hwemumwe wevatenzi vedu vakuru. Unhu hwezwi rawakapa mu cantabile, mweya wawakaisa mukuita kweAndante, kuvimbika uye kusimba kwawakatamba nayo ndima dzakaoma zvikuru dzakaputira chidimbu ichi, zvose zvakataura nezvetarenda yakakwirira, zvose zvakaratidzwa. kuti akanga achiri muduku, anenge achisangana neuduku , uri nyanzvi huru inokoshesa zvaunotamba, inogona kupa rudzi rumwe norumwe kutaura kwayo, uye rinopfuura chido chokushamisa vateereri nematambudziko. Iwe unobatanidza kusimba kweuta, kuuraya kwakajeka kwezvinetso zvikuru, mweya, pasina iyo unyanzvi hauna simba, nehungwaru hunonzwisisa pfungwa yemunyori, nekuravira kunoyevedza kunochengetedza nyanzvi kubva pakunyengera kwekufungidzira kwake. Tsamba iyi yakanyorwa munaKurume 17, 1834, Viet Tang ine makore gumi nemana chete!
Kuwedzera - kukunda kutsva. Mushure mePrague neDresden - Leipzig, uko Schumann anomuteerera, ipapo - London, kwaanosangana naPaganini. Schumann akaenzanisa kutamba kwake nokuya kwaPaganini uye akagumisa chinyorwa chake namashoko anotevera: “Kubvira paruzha rwokutanga kusvikira kurwokupedzisira rwaanobudisa muchiridzwa chake, Vietanne anokuchengetedza mudenderedzwa remashiripiti, akavharika pauri kuti usazowana mavambo api naapi. kana kupera.” “Mukomana uyu achava murume mukuru,” Paganini akadaro nezvake.
Kubudirira kunoperekedza Viettan muhupenyu hwake hwese hwehunyanzvi. Anodururwa nemaruva, nhetembo dzakatsaurirwa kwaari, anonamatwa chaizvo. Mazhinji emakesi anosetsa akabatana nemakonti ekushanya kweViet Tang. Ari muGiera akasangana nechando chisina kujairika. Zvinoitika kuti nguva pfupi kusati kwasvika Viettan, mufambi akaonekwa muGiera, aizviti Vietan, akarenda kamuri muhotera yakanakisa kwemazuva masere, akatasva yacht, aigara asina kuzvinyima chero chinhu, ipapo, achikoka vadikani kuhotera " kuongorora kuunganidzwa kwezvishandiso zvake”, akatiza, “kukanganwa” kubhadhara mari yacho.
Muna 1835-1836 Vieuxtan aigara muParis, akanyatsobatanidzwa mukuumbwa pasi pekutungamirirwa naReich. Paakanga ava nemakore 17, akagadzira Second Violin Concerto (fis-moll), iyo yakabudirira zvikuru neveruzhinji.
Muna 1837, akaita rwendo rwake rwokutanga kuRussia, asi akasvika muSt. Kutaura kwake hakuna kuonekwa. Russia yakamufarira. Kudzokera kuBrussels, akatanga kunyatsogadzirira rwendo rwechipiri kunyika yedu. Ari munzira kuenda kuSt. Petersburg, akarwara ndokupedza mwedzi mitatu ari muNarva. Makonzati muSt. Petersburg panguva ino akakunda. Zvakaitika musi waMarch 23, 8 uye April 3 (OS), 15. V. Odoevsky akanyora nezvemakonti aya.
Kwemwaka miviri inotevera, Viettan zvakare inopa makonti muSt. Munguva yekurwara kwake muNarva, iyo "Fantasy-Caprice" uye Concerto muE huru, yava kuzivikanwa seFirst Concerto Vietana yeviolin uye orchestra, yakaitwa. Aya mabasa, kunyanya concerto, ari pakati peakanyanya kukosha munguva yekutanga yebasa raVieuxtan. "Kutanga" kwavo kwakaitika muSt. Petersburg musi waMarch 4/10, 1840, uye pavakaitwa muBrussels muna July, Berio aifara akakwira pachikuva ndokutsikirira mudzidzi wake pachipfuva chake. Bayot naBerlioz vakagamuchira koniti iyi muParis muna 1841 nechido chakanyanya.
“Concerto yake muE major ibasa rakaisvonaka,” anonyora kudaro Berlioz, “rakanaka chose chose, rakazadzwa namashoko anofadza mose muri muviri muchikamu chikuru nomuimbi, rinoshandiswa nounyanzvi hukuru. Hapana kana mutambi mumwe chete wevaimbi, asinganyatsooneki, anokanganwika pazvibodzwa zvake; akaita kuti munhu wose ataure chimwe chinhu "chinonaka". Akawana mhedzisiro yakakura muchikamu cheviolin, akakamurwa kuita 3-4 zvikamu zvine viola mubass, achiridza tremolo achiperekedza lead violin solo. Kugamuchirwa kutsva, kunofadza. Mambokadzi-violin anozengerera pamusoro peimbwa diki inodedera uye inoita kuti urote zvinonaka, paunenge uchirota murunyararo rwehusiku pamhenderekedzo yegungwa:
Kana mwedzi wakacheneruka Uchiratidza mune wave Sirivha Fani yako .. "
Mukufamba kwe1841, Vieuxtan ndiye protagonist wemitambo yese yeParisian mimhanzi. Muvezi Dantier anomushungurudza, iyo impresario inomupa zvibvumirano zvinobhadhara zvakanyanya. Mumakore anotevera, Viettan anoshandisa hupenyu hwake mumugwagwa: Holland, Austria, Germany, USA neCanada, Europe zvakare, etc. Akasarudzwa nhengo inoremekedzwa yeBelgian Academy of Arts pamwe chete naBerio (Vietan imakore 25 chete. yekare!).
Gore rakapfuura, muna 1844, shanduko huru yakanga yaitika muhupenyu hwaVieuxtan - akaroora mutambi wepiyano Josephine Eder. Josephine, chizvarwa cheVienna, mukadzi akadzidza ainyatsoziva chiGerman, chiFrench, Chirungu, chiLatin. Aive muimbi akanakisa uye, kubva panguva yekuroora kwake, akave anogara achiperekedza weViet-Gang. Hupenyu hwavo hwave hunofadza. Viettan akanamata mudzimai wake, uyo akamupindura achiratidza kushinga.
Muna 1846, Vieuxtan akagamuchira kokero kubva kuSt. Nokudaro yakatanga nguva huru yehupenyu hwake muRussia. Akagara muPetersburg kusvikira muna 1852. Muduku, azere nesimba, anovandudza hupenyu hunoshingaira - anopa makonti, anodzidzisa mumakirasi ezviridzwa zveTheatre School, anotamba mumakota eSt. Petersburg music salons.
“The Counts of Vielgorsky,” anonyora kudaro Lenz, “akakwezva Viettan kuSt. uyo, ari shasha huru, aigara akagadzirira kuridza zvese - vese Haydn naBeethoven vekupedzisira quartets, vaive vakazvimiririra panhandare uye vakasununguka kumimhanzi yequartet. Yakanga iri nguva inofadza apo, kwemwedzi yakawanda yechando, muimba yaCount Stroganov, uyo akanga ari pedyo zvikuru neViet Temps, munhu aigona kuteerera quartets katatu pavhiki.
Odoevsky akasiya tsananguro yekonzati imwe chete yakaitwa naVietanne nemuimbi wenziyo wekuBelgian Servais kuCounts yeVielgorsky: “… Vakanga vasina kutamba pamwechete kwenguva yakareba: pakanga pasina orchestra; mimhanzi zvakare; vaenzi vaviri kana vatatu. Ipapo maartist edu akakurumbira akatanga kuyeuka maduti avo akanyorwa pasina kuperekedza. Vakaiswa seri kwehoro, masuo akavharirwa vamwe vashanyi vose; runyararo rwakakwana rwakatonga pakati pevateereri vashoma, izvo zvakakosha kuti vanakidzwe nehunyanzvi… Vaimbi vedu vakarangarira Fantasia yavo yeopera yaMeyerbeer Les Huguenots … hushamwari hwechisikigo hwezviridzwa, kuzara kwemagadzirirwo, zvichibva pamanotsi maviri kana pakufamba kwehunyanzvi. yemanzwi, pakupedzisira, kusimba kunoshamisa uye ururami hwevose vari vaviri vanyori mukuchinjana kwakaoma zvikurusa kwamanzwi kwakabudisa runako rwakakwana; pamberi pemeso edu kupfuura iyi yese opera inoshamisa nemumvuri wayo wese; taisiyanisa zvakajeka kuimba kunobuda pachena nedutu rakamuka muvaimbi; heino manzwi orudo, heino mitsindo yakaoma yenziyo dzeLutheran, heinoi kusuruvara, kuchema kwoupengo kwevanyanyisi, heinoi rwiyo runofadza rwemariro ane ruzha. fungidziro yakatevera ndangariro dzese idzi ndokudzishandura kuita chokwadi.
Kwenguva yokutanga muSt. Petersburg, Vietang yakaronga madekwana akazaruka equartet. Vakatora fomu yemakonzati okuzvinyoresa uye vakapiwa muchivako chechikoro seri kweGerman Peter-kirche paNevsky Prospekt. Mugumisiro webasa rake rokudzidzisa - vadzidzi vokuRussia - Prince Nikolai Yusupov, Valkov, Pozansky nevamwe.
Vietang haana kumbofunga nezvokuparadzana neRussia, asi muzhizha ra1852, paakanga ari muParis, urwere hwomudzimai wake hwakamumanikidza kugumisa kondirakiti yake neSt. Akashanyira Russia zvakare muna 1860, asi atova mutambi konzati.
MuSt. Petersburg, akanyora yake yakanyanya rudo uye mumhanzi akarova Fourth Concerto muna D minor. Hutsva hwechimiro chayo chaive chekuti Vieuxtan haana kushinga kutamba pachena kwenguva yakareba uye akazviita muParis chete muna 1851. Kubudirira kwaive kwakakura. Muimbi weAustria anozivikanwa zvikuru uye theorist Arnold Schering, ane mabasa anosanganisira History of the Instrumental Concerto, pasinei nemafungiro ake asina chokwadi pamusoro peFrench instrumental music, anozivawo kukosha kwekutanga kwebasa iri: pedyo neChirongwa. Nokuda kwezvaakapa mushure mekonzati yake yakati “mucheche” mufis-moll (No. 2) chiri pakati pezvinonyanya kukosha mumabhuku e<em>violin yeRomanesque. Iyo yatova nesimba chikamu chekutanga cheE-dur concerto yake inodarika Baio neBerio. Mu d-moll concerto, tine pamberi pedu basa rakabatana nekuvandudzwa kweiyi genre. Pasina kuzengurira, munyori wacho akasarudza kuibudisa. Akatya kumutsa kupikisa nechimiro chitsva chekonzati yake. Panguva apo makonsati aLiszt akanga asati azivikanwa, iyi koniti yeVieuxtan yaigona, zvichida, kumutsa kutsoropodza. Nekuda kweizvozvo, semunyori, Vietang aive neimwe nzira mugadziri.
Mushure mokubva kuRussia, hupenyu hwekudzungaira hwakatanga zvakare. Muna 1860, Vietang akaenda kuSweden, uye kubva ikoko akaenda kuBaden-Baden, kwaakatanga kunyora Fifth Concerto, yaiitirwa makwikwi akaitwa naHuber Leonard paBrussels Conservatory. Leonard, agamuchira konsati, akapindura netsamba (Kubvumbi 10, 1861), umo akatenda Vieuxtan noushamwari, achitenda kuti, kunze kweAdagio yeTatu Concerto, Yechishanu yairatidzika kwaari yakanakisa. "Grétry wedu wekare angave ari kufara kuti rwiyo rwake 'Lucille' rwakapfekwa zveumbozha." Fetis akatumira tsamba achifara nezvekonzati kuViettan, uye Berlioz akabudisa nyaya yakakura muJournal de Debas.
Muna 1868, Viet Tang akashungurudzika zvikuru - rufu rwemudzimai wake, uyo akafa nekorera. Kurasikirwa kwaakaita kwakamuvhundutsa. Akatora nzendo refu kuti akanganwe. Zvichakadaro, yaive nguva yekusimuka kwepamusoro kwehunyanzvi hwake hwekuvandudza. Kutamba kwake kunorova nekukwana, hurume nekurudziro. Kunetseka mupfungwa kwaiita sekumupa hudzamu hukuru.
Mamiriro aiita Viettan panguva iyoyo anogona kuongororwa kubva mutsamba yaakatumira kuna N. Yusupov musi waDecember 15, 1871. “Ndinowanzofunga nezvako, muchinda anodiwa, nezvemudzimai wako, nezvenguva dzinofadza dzakapedzwa newe kana kuti newe. pamahombekombe anoyevedza eMoika kana muParis, Ostend neVienna. Yakanga iri nguva inofadza, ndakanga ndichiri muduku, uye kunyange uku kwakanga kusiri kutanga kwoupenyu hwangu, asi pasinei zvapo naikoku kwakanga kuri zuva roupenyu hwangu; nguva yekutumbuka kwakazara. Mushoko, ndakafara, uye kurangarira kwako nguva dzose kunobatanidzwa neizvi nguva dzinofadza. Uye zvino kuvapo kwangu hakuna ruvara. Yakaishongedza yaenda, uye ini ndinomera, ndinotenderera nenyika, asi pfungwa dzangu dziri kune rumwe rutivi. Ndinotenda denga, zvisinei, ndinofara muvana vangu. Mwanakomana wangu ndiinjiniya uye basa rake rinonyatsotsanangurwa. Mwanasikana wangu anogara neni, ane mwoyo wakanaka, uye akamirira mumwe munhu anogona kuzvikoshesa. Ndizvo zvose pamusoro pangu. Kana huri hupenyu hwangu hwehunyanzvi, hwakangofanana nehwagara huchiita - kufamba, kusagadzikana ... ikozvino ndiri purofesa paBrussels Conservatory. Inoshandura zvese hupenyu hwangu nebasa rangu. Kubva pane zverudo, ndinoshanduka kuita pedant, kuita bhiza rekushanda maererano nemitemo yetirer et pousser.
Basa reViettan's pedagogical muBrussels, rakatanga muna 1870, rakabudirira kubudirira (zvakakwana kutaura kuti mukuru weviolinist Eugene Ysaye akasiya kirasi yake). Pakarepo, njodzi itsva yakaipisisa yakawira paViet Tang - kurohwa nekutya kwakaomesa ruoko rwake rwerudyi. Kuedza kwese kwevanachiremba kudzorera kufamba kuruoko hakuna kutungamira kune chero chinhu. Kwenguva yakati Viettan akanga achiri kuedza kudzidzisa, asi chirwere chacho chakaramba chichienderera mberi, uye muna 1879 akamanikidzwa kusiya nzvimbo yekugara.
Vietanne akagara panzvimbo yake pedyo neAlgiers; iye akakomberedzwa nehanya nemwanasikana wake nemukuwasha, vaimbi vakawanda vanouya kwaari, anoshanda nefivha pazvinyorwa, achiedza kugadzirisa kuparadzaniswa kubva kune unyanzvi hwake hunodiwa nekugadzira. Zvisinei, simba rake riri kupera. Pana August 18, 1880, iye akanyorera imwe yeshamwari dzake, kuti: “Pano, pamavambo echirimo chino, kusava nematuro kwetariro dzangu kwakajeka kwandiri. Ndinodyara, ndinogara ndichidya nokunwa, uye, ichokwadi, musoro wangu uchiri wakajeka, pfungwa dzangu dzakajeka, asi ndinonzwa kuti simba rangu riri kuderera zuva nezuva. Makumbo angu akanyanya kupera simba, mabvi angu anodedera, uye nekunetseka kukuru, shamwari yangu, ndinogona kuita rwendo rumwe rwebindu, ndakatsamira kune rumwe rutivi kune rumwe ruoko rune simba, uye kune rumwe pakirabhu yangu.
Musi waChikumi 6, 1881, Viet-Gang akafa. Mutumbi wake wakatakurwa ndokuendeswa kuVerviers ndokuvigwa ikoko kwakaungana vanhu vakawanda.
Viet Tang yakaumbwa uye yakatanga basa rayo mu30-40s. Kuburikidza nemamiriro edzidzo kuburikidza neLecloux-Dejon naBerio, aive akabatana zvakasimba netsika dzechikoro chekare cheFrench violin cheViotti-Bayo-Rode, asi panguva imwecheteyo akawana pesvedzero yakasimba yehunyanzvi hwerudo. Hazvisi kunze kwenzvimbo kurangarira pesvedzero yakananga yeBerio uye, pakupedzisira, hazvigoneke kusasimbisa chokwadi chekuti Vieuxtan aive aifarira Beethovenian. Nokudaro, mazano ake eunyanzvi akaumbwa semugumisiro wekufananidzwa kwemaitiro akasiyana-siyana ekunaka.
“Kare, mudzidzi weBerio, zvisinei, haasi wechikoro chake, haana kufanana nemuridzi upi noupi we<em>violin watakambonzwa,” vakanyora kudaro pamusoro peVieuxtan pashure pemakonzati muLondon muna 1841. Kudai taigona kutenga nziyo. kuenzanisa, tingati ndiye Beethoven wevose vane mukurumbira veviolinists. "
V. Odoevsky, ateerera Viettan muna 1838, akaonesa (uye zvakarurama kwazvo!) Tsika dzeViotti muFirst Concerto yaakaridza: “Concerto yake, inoyeuchidza nezveimwe mhuri yakaisvonaka yeViotti, asi yakamutswa nekuvandudzwa kutsva mumutambo, aikodzera kuombera maoko kukuru. Mukuita maitiro eVietanne, misimboti yekirasi yechiFrench chikoro yaigara ichirwa nevaya vanodanana. V. Odoevsky akaidana zvakananga kuti “nzira inofadza pakati pe<em>classicism nerudo.”
Vietang inyaya yerudo mukutsvaga kwake hunhu hwakanaka, asi zvakare ari wemhando yepamusoro mumatambiro ake echirume ekutamba, chikonzero chinokunda manzwiro. Izvi zvakatemwa zvakajeka, uye kunyange nejaya reViettan, zvokuti, pashure pokuteerera kumutambo wake, Odoevsky akakurudzira kuti ade: “Majee ari parutivi - mutambo wake unotaridzika sechifananidzo chekare chakagadzirwa zvakaisvonaka chine zvimiro zvinoyevedza, zvakaurungana; anoyevedza, anobata maziso emuimbi, asi mese hamugone kuenzanisa zvidhori nezvakanaka, asi vapenyu mukadzi. Mashoko aOdoevsky anopupurira chokwadi chokuti Viettan akawana kudzingwa kwechimiro chechimiro chemimhanzi paakaita izvi kana basa iro, izvo zvakamutsa kushamwaridzana nechifananidzo.
"Vietanne," anonyora mutsoropodzi wechiFrench P. Scudo, "inogona kuiswa muchikamu chevane virtuosos venzvimbo yekutanga… Kuti akanga ari pedyo sei ne classicism inopupurirwawo nechokwadi chokuti, pamberi paLaub naJoachim, aionekwa semuturikiri asingaenzaniswi wemimhanzi yaBeethoven. Hazvina mhosva kuti akabhadhara zvakadini kurudo, chokwadi chechimiro chake semuimbi chaive kure nerudo; akaswedera pedyo nerudo asi, sekunge ne "fashoni" maitiro. Asi zvinoonekwa kuti haana kujoina chero maitiro erudo enguva yake. Akanga ane kusawirirana kwemukati nenguva, iyo, zvichida, yaiva chikonzero chehunyambiri hunozivikanwa hwezvishuvo zvake zvekunaka, izvo zvakaita kuti, pasinei nemamiriro ake ezvinhu, akudze Beethoven, uye muBeethoven chaizvo zvaive kure neverudo.
Vietang akanyora 7 violin uye cello concertos, fungidziro dzakawanda, sonatas, bow quartets, maminiature emakonsati, chikamu chesalon, nezvimwewo. Zvizhinji zvezvinyorwa zvake zvinofananidzira zvinyorwa zvevirtuoso-romantic zvehafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Vietang anopa rukudzo kuhunhu hwakanaka uye anovavarira chimiro chakajeka chekonzati mubasa rake rekugadzira. Auer akanyora kuti makonzati ake “nemhanzi dzake dzinoyevedza dze<em>bravura dzakapfuma mumifungo yakaisvonaka yenziyo, panguva imwe cheteyo iyo quintessence yemimhanzi yakanaka.”
Asi kunaka kwemabasa eVietanne hakuna kufanana kwese kwese: mukunaka kwakashata kweFantasy-Caprice, anoyeuchidza zvakawanda nezveBerio, muFirst Concerto anotevera Viotti, zvisinei, achisundira miganhu yekunaka kwechinyakare uye kugadzirira basa iri ne. colorful romantic instrumentation. Inonyanya kudiwa iConcerto Yechina, iyo inosiyaniswa nemhepo ine dutu uye imwe yemitambo yemitambo yecadenzas, nepo mazwi ariose ari pedyo nenzira isingarambiki kune mazwi ekuimba aGounod-Halévy. Uye ipapo kune akasiyana virtuoso konzati zvidimbu - "Reverie", Fantasia Appassionata, "Ballad uye Polonaise", "Tarantella", nezvimwewo.
Vanhu vepanguva iyoyo vakaonga chaizvo basa rake. Takatotaura ongororo naSchumann, Berlioz nevamwe vaimbi. Uye nanhasi, tisingatauri nezve curriculum, iyo ine zvese zviri zviviri mitambo nemakonzati neViet Temps, yake Yechina Concerto inogara ichiitwa naHeifetz, zvichiratidza kuti kunyangwe iye zvino mimhanzi iyi inoramba ichirarama uye inonakidza.
L. Raaben, 1967
