Rudolf Richardovich Kerer (Rudolf Kehrer) |

Rudolph Kehrer

Mamiriro ehunyanzvi munguva yedu anowanzofanana kune mumwe nemumwe - pakutanga pakutanga. Asi iyo yekusika biography yaRudolf Richardovich Kerer ine zvishoma zvakafanana nevamwe. Zvakakwana kutaura kuti kusvika pazera remakore makumi matatu nemasere (!) Akaramba ari murima rakakwana semutambi wemakonti; vaiziva nezvake chete kuTashkent Conservatory, kwaaidzidzisa. Asi rimwe zuva rakanaka - tichataura nezvake mberi - zita rake rakazozivikanwa kumunhu wese anofarira mimhanzi munyika yedu. Kana chokwadi chakadaro. Wese mutambi anozivikanwa kuti ane mabreak mukuita apo chivharo chechiridzwa chinoramba chakavharwa kwenguva yakati. Kerer aivewo nekuzorora kwakadaro. Yakangogara chete, isingasviki kana isingasviki makore gumi nematatu ...

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Rudolf Richardovich Kerer akaberekerwa muTbilisi. Baba vake vaive muimbi wepiyano kana, sekudaidzwa kwaakaitwa, nyanzvi yemimhanzi. Akaedza kuramba achiziva nezvese zviitiko zvinonakidza muhupenyu hwekonsati yeguta; akaunzwa kumumhanzi nemwanakomana wake. Kerer anoyeuka zvakaitwa naE. Petri, A. Borovsky, anoyeuka vamwe vaimbi vaenzi vakakurumbira vakauya kuTbilisi mumakore iwayo.

Erna Karlovna Krause akava mudzidzisi wake wokutanga piyano. "Vanenge vadzidzi vese vaErna Karlovna vaisiyaniswa nehunyanzvi hwekuita," anodaro Kehrer. “Kutamba kwekukurumidza, kwakasimba uye chaiko kwakakurudzirwa mukirasi. Zvisinei, pasina nguva ndakaenda kumudzidzisi mutsva, Anna Ivanovna Tulashvili, uye zvose zvakandipoteredza zvakabva zvachinja. Anna Ivanovna akanga ari muimbi akafuridzirwa uye mudetembi, zvidzidzo naye zvakaitwa mumamiriro emufaro ... "Kerer akadzidza naTulashvili kwemakore akati wandei - kutanga muboka" revana vane zvipo "paTbilisi Conservatory, ipapo pachivako pachacho. Zvino hondo yakaputsa zvose. “Nekuda kwemamiriro ezvinhu, ndakaguma ndava kure neTbilisi,” anoenderera mberi Kerer. “Mhuri yedu, kufanana nedzimwe mhuri dzakawanda dzeGermany mumakore iwayo, yaifanira kugara muCentral Asia, kusiri kure neTashkent. Pakanga pasina vaimbi pedyo neni, uye zvakanga zvakaoma nechiridzwa chacho, saka zvidzidzo zvepiyano neimwe nzira zvakamira zvoga. Ndakapinda Chimkent Pedagogical Institute paFaculty of Physics and Mathematics. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, akaenda kunoshanda kuchikoro - akadzidzisa masvomhu kuchikoro chesekondari. Izvi zvakaitika kwemakore akawanda. Kuti ndinyatsojeka - kusvika muna 1954. Uye zvino ndakasarudza kuedza rombo rangu (mushure mezvose, mimhanzi "nostalgia" haina kurega kunditambudza) - kupasa bvunzo dzekupinda kuTashkent Conservatory. Uye akagamuchirwa mugore rechitatu.

Akanyoreswa mukirasi yepiyano yemudzidzisi 3. Sh. Tamarkina, uyo Kerer asingaregi kuyeuka neruremekedzo rwakadzama uye tsitsi ("muimbi akanaka kwazvo, akagona kuratidzwa pachiridzwa ..."). Akadzidzawo zvakawanda kubva kumisangano naVI Slonim ("asingawanzo erudite ... naye ndakasvika pakunzwisisa mitemo yekuridza mimhanzi, kare ndaingofungidzira nezvekuvapo kwavo").

Vose vadzidzisi vakabatsira Kerer kuvhara mazamu mudzidzo yake inokosha; kuvonga kuna Tamarkina uye Slonim, haana chete kubudirira kudzidza kubva Conservatory, asiwo akasiiwa ikoko kudzidzisa. Ivo, varairidzi uye shamwari dzemupiyano wechidiki, vakamuraira kuti aedze simba rake paAll-Union Competition yeVaimbi Vanoridza yakaziviswa muna 1961.

“Zvandakasarudza kuenda kuMoscow, handina kuzvinyengera ndiine tariro chaiyo,” anoyeuka kudaro Kerer. Pamwe, aya mafungire epfungwa, asingaremedzi kungave nekufunganya zvakanyanya kana mafaro anopedza mweya, akandibatsira ipapo. Mushure mezvo, ini ndaigarofunga nezve chokwadi chekuti vaimbi vechidiki vanoridza pamakwikwi dzimwe nguva vanoregedzerwa nekutarisa kwavo kwekutanga pane mumwe kana mumwe mubairo. Inosunga, inoita kuti munhu aremerwe nemutoro webasa, kuita muranda mupfungwa: mutambo unorasikirwa nekureruka kwawo, hunhu hwawo, kurerukirwa ... Muna 1961 handina kufunga nezvemibairo ipi neipi - uye ndakatamba zvinobudirira. Zvakanaka, senzvimbo yekutanga uye zita remubairo, kushamisika uku kwakawedzera mufaro kwandiri ... "

Kushamisika kwekukunda kwaKerer kwakanga kusiri kwake chete. Muimbi ane makore 38 okuberekwa, anenge asingazivikanwi kune chero ani zvake, uyo kutora chikamu mumakwikwi, nenzira, aida mvumo yakakosha (zera revakwikwidza rakanga rakaganhurirwa, maererano nemitemo, kusvika kumakore makumi matatu nemaviri), nekubudirira kwake kunofadza. yakapidigura fungidziro dzese dzakambotaurwa, ikabvisa zvese fungidziro nefungidziro. “Mumazuva mashomanene chete, Rudolf Kerer akahwina mukurumbira une ruzha,” mutori wenhau wemimhanzi wakadaro. “Kokutanga chaiko kwemakonzati ake okuMoscow akatengeswa, mumamiriro ezvinhu ekubudirira kunofadza. Matauriro aKerer akatepfenyurwa paredhiyo nepaterevhizheni. Vezvenhau vakapindura vachimunzwira tsitsi zvikuru kumavambo ake. Akave musoro wenhaurirano dzinopisa pakati pevadzidzisi nevatambi vakakwanisa kumuisa pakati pevakuru vepiyano veSoviet ... " (Rabinovich D. Rudolf Kerer // Musical Life. 1961. Nha. 6. P. 6.).

Muenzi wekuTashkent akafadza sei vateereri veguta guru? Rusununguko uye kusava nerusarura kwemashoko ake edariro, chiyero chepfungwa dzake, chimiro chepakutanga chekugadzira mimhanzi. Haana kumiririra chero zvikoro zvepiyano zvinozivikanwa - kwete Moscow kana Leningrad; haana “kumiririra” chero ani zvake, asi aingova iye pachake. Hunhu hwake hwaishamisawo. Iye, zvichida, akanga asina kupenya kwekunze, asi mumwe ainzwa musimba rake rekutanga, uye ushingi, uye chiyero chikuru. Kerer akafara nekuita kwake mabasa akaoma akadai saLiszt's "Mephisto Waltz" uye F-minor ("Transcendental") Etude, Glazunov's "Theme and Variations" uye Prokofiev's First Concerto. Asi kupfuura chero chinhu chipi zvacho - kupfuudza ku "Tannhäuser" naWagner - Liszt; Kutsoropodza kweMoscow kwakapindura kududzirwa kwake kwechinhu ichi sechishamiso chezvishamiso.

Saka, pakanga paine zvikonzero zvakakwana zvehunyanzvi zvekuhwina nzvimbo yekutanga kubva kuKerer. Zvakadaro chikonzero chaicho chekukunda kwake chaive chimwe chinhu.

Kehrer aiva nehupenyu hwakazara, hwakapfuma, hwakaoma kupfuura avo vakakwikwidzana naye, uye izvi zvakaratidzwa zvakajeka mumutambo wake. Zera remupiyano, kukanganisa kwakapinza kwekupedzisira hakuna kungomudzivisa kukwikwidzana nehuchenjeri huduku hweunyanzvi, asi, zvichida, vakabatsira neimwe nzira. "Mimhanzi," akadaro Bruno Walter, "ndiyo nguva dzose" muitisi wega wega" weiye anouita: sezvaakaita, akadhirowa fananidzo, "kuti simbi inoita sei kondakita wekupisa" (Kuita hunyanzvi hwekunze kwenyika. - M., 1962. Chinyorwa IC 71.). Kubva kumumhanzi wainzwika mukududzirwa kwaKehrer, kubva paunhu hwake hwehunyanzvi, pakanga paine mweya wechimwe chinhu chisiri chakajairika padanho remakwikwi. Vateereri, pamwe chete nenhengo dzedare revanotonga, vakaona pamberi pavo pasina mutambi akanga achangobva kuseri kwenhambo isina makore yokudzidzira basa, asi muimbi akura, akasimba. Mumutambo wake - wakakomba, dzimwe nguva wakapendwa nemanzwi akaoma uye anoshamisa - munhu aifungidzira izvo zvinonzi psychological overtones ... Izvi ndizvo zvakakwezva tsitsi dzepasi rose kuna Kerer.

Nguva yafamba. Izvo zvinonakidza zvakawanikwa uye manzwiro emakwikwi e1961 zvakasiiwa kumashure. Mushure mekuenda kumberi kweSoviet pianism, Kerer anga achitora nzvimbo yakakodzera pakati pevamwe vake vanyori vemakonti. Vakajairana nebasa rake zvizere uye zvakadzama - pasina hype, iyo inowanzo perekedza zvinoshamisa. Takasangana mumaguta akawanda eU.SR uye kunze kwenyika - muGDR, Poland, Czechoslovakia, Bulgaria, Romania, Japan. Kusimba kwakawanda kana kushoma kwemaitiro ake edariro kwakadzidzwawo. Ndezvipi? Chii chinonzi muimbi nhasi?

Chokutanga pane zvose, zvakakosha kutaura pamusoro pake senyanzvi yemhando huru mumitambo yemitambo; semuimbi ane tarenda rinonyatso ratidza kuzvivimba mumachira makuru emumhanzi. Kerer kazhinji anoda nzvimbo dzakakura dzekurira kwaanogona zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvishoma nezvishoma kuvaka kunetsana kwakasimba, kutara kurerukirwa kwechiito chemumhanzi nesitiroko hombe, kunyatsotsanangura magumo; mabasa ake edariro anonzwisiswa zviri nani kana achionekwa sokunge ari kutama kubva paari, ari kure. Hazvisi zvemasanga kuti pakati pekubudirira kwake mukududzira kune maopus akadai seBrahms's First Piano Concerto, Beethoven's Fifth, Tchaikovsky's First, Shostakovich's First, Rachmaninov's Second, sonata cycles naProkofiev, Khachaturian, Sviridov.

Mabasa emhando hombe anosanganisira vangangoita vese vatambi vekonzati mune yavo repertoire. Izvo, zvisinei, hazvisi zvemunhu wese. Kune mumwe munhu, zvinoitika kuti tambo yezvimedu chete ndiyo inobuda, yekareidoscope yenguva inonzwika inopenya yakawanda kana shoma ... Izvi hazvimboitike naKerer. Mimhanzi inoratidzika kunge yakabatwa nesimbi hoop kubva kwaari: zvisinei kuti anotamba chii - Bach's D-minor concerto kana Mozart's A-minor sonata, Schumann's "Symphonic etudes" kana Shostakovich's preludes uye fugues - kwese kwese mukurongeka kwake kwekuita, kurangwa kwemukati, sangano rakasimba rekukunda zvinhu. Aimbova mudzidzisi wemasvomhu, haasati arasa kuravira kwake pfungwa, maumbirwo ezvirongwa, uye kuvakwa kwakajeka mumimhanzi. Iro ndiro dura rekufunga kwake kwekusika, akadaro maitiro ake ehunyanzvi.

Maererano nevatsoropodzi vakawanda, Kehrer anowana kubudirira kukuru mukududzirwa kwaBeethoven. Chokwadi, mabasa emunyori uyu anotora imwe yenzvimbo dzepakati pamaposta emupiyano. Mamiriro chaiwo emumhanzi waBeethoven - hunhu hwayo hweushingi uye hwakasimba, matauriro akakosha, misiyano yakasimba yemanzwiro - inofambirana nehunhu hwaKerer; ane nguva refu achinzwa kudanwa kwemumhanzi uyu, akawana rake chairo rekuita mauri. Mune dzimwe nguva dzinofadza mumutambo wake, munhu anogona kunzwa kusanganiswa kwakazara uye kusanganiswa nepfungwa yaBeethoven yehunyanzvi - kubatana kwemweya nemunyori, iyo yekugadzira "symbiosis" yakatsanangurwa naKS Stanislavsky nemukurumbira wake "Ndiri": "Ndiripo, ini rarama, ndinonzwa uye ndinofunga zvakafanana nebasa racho ” (Stanislavsky KS Basa remutambi paari // Mabasa akaunganidzwa - M., 1954. T. 2. Chikamu 1. S. 203.). Pakati peanonyanya kufadza "basa" reKehrer's Beethoven repertoire ndeyeSeventeen uye Gumi nesere Sonatas, iyo Pathetique, iyo Aurora, yeChishanu Concerto uye, hongu, iyo Appassionata. (Sezvaunoziva, mutambi wepiyano akambotamba mufirimu rinonzi Appassionata, achiita kuti dudziro yake yebasa iri iwanikwe kune vateereri vemamiriyoni.) Zvinokosha kuziva kuti zvisikwa zvaBeethoven zvinopindirana kwete chete neunhu hwaKerer, murume uye munhu. muimbi, asiwo nezvakasiyana zvepiyano yake. Yakasimba uye yakanyatsojeka (kwete pasina chikamu che "impact") kugadzirwa kwenzwi, fresco maitiro ekuita - zvese izvi zvinobatsira muimbi kuti awane hunyanzvi hwekunyengetedza mu "Pathetique", uye mu "Appassionata", uye mune mamwe akawanda piyano yaBeethoven. opus.

Panewo munyori uyo anenge nguva dzose anobudirira naKerer-Sergei Prokofiev. Muimbi ari padyo naye munzira dzakawanda: nerwiyo rwake, kudziviswa uye laconic, ane penchant for instrumental toccato, yemutambo wakaoma uye unopenya. Uyezve, Prokofiev ari padyo naKerer ane angangoita ese arsenal yake yekutaura nzira: "kumanikidzwa kweakasindimara metrical mafomu", "kureruka uye squareness yerhythm", "kushushikana nekusingaperi, rectangular mimhanzi mifananidzo", "materiality" yemavara. , "inertia yemifananidzo yakajeka iri kuramba ichikura" (SE Feinberg) (Feinberg SE Sergei Prokofiev: Hunhu hweChimiro // Pianoism seArt. 2nd ed. - M., 1969. P. 134, 138, 550.). Hazvina tsanga kuti munhu aigona kuona wechidiki Prokofiev pamavambo ekukunda kweKerer kwehunyanzvi - Yekutanga Piano Concerto. Pakati pezvakatendwa zvakabudirira zvemupiyano ndiProkofiev Yechipiri, Yetatu uye Yechinomwe Sonatas, Delusions, inotangira muC huru, kufora kwakakurumbira kubva kuopera The Love for Three Oranges.

Kerer kazhinji anotamba Chopin. Kune mabasa naScriabin naDebussy muzvirongwa zvake. Zvichida izvi ndizvo zvikamu zvinokakavadzana zverepertoire yake. Nekubudirira kusingapokane kwemuimbi wepiyano semuturikiri - Chopin's Second Sonata, Scriabin's Third Sonata… - ndivo vanyori ava vanoburitsawo mamwe mativi asina kujeka muhunyanzvi hwake. Zviri pano, muChopin's elegant waltzes uye preludes, muScriabin's fragile miniatures, muDebussy's anoyevedza mazwi, kuti munhu anoona kuti Kerer kutamba dzimwe nguva kunoshaya kugadziridzwa, kuti mune dzimwe nzvimbo kune hutsinye. Uye kuti hazvizove zvakaipa kuona mairi hunyanzvi hwekutsanangudza kwezve, imwe yakanatswa ine ruvara uye ine mavara nuance. Zvimwe, mutambi wepiyano ari wose, kunyange ane mukurumbira zvikuru, aigona, kana achida, kudoma zvidimbu zvisiri zvepiyano “yake”; Kerr haana mutsauko.

Zvinoitika kuti dudziro dzemupiyano hadzina nhetembo - mupfungwa yekuti yainzwisiswa nekunzwikwa nevanyori verudo. Tinoedza kuita mutongo unokakavadzana. Kusika kwevaimbi-vaimbi, uye zvichida vanyori, sekugadzirwa kwevanyori, vanoziva zvose "vanyori" varo uye "vanyori veprose". (Zvingaitika here kune mumwe munhu munyika yevanyori kuti aite nharo kuti ndeupi wemhando idzi "uri nani" uye ndeupi "wakaipa?" Kwete, hongu.) Rudzi rwekutanga runozivikanwa uye rwakadzidzwa zvakakwana, tinofunga nezvechipiri zvishoma. kazhinji; uye kana, semuenzaniso, pfungwa ye "piano mudetembi" inonzwika sechinyakare, saka izvi hazvigone kutaurwa nezve "vanyori vepiyano". Zvichakadaro, pakati pavo pane masters akawanda anofadza - akakomba, akangwara, ane chinangwa chemweya. Dzimwe nguva, zvisinei, vamwe vavo vangada kutsanangura miganho yerepertoire yavo zvakanyatsonaka uye zvakanyanya, vachipa sarudzo kune mamwe mabasa, vachisiya vamwe ...

Pakati pevaaishanda navo, Kerer anozivikanwa kwete chete semuiti wemakonti. Kubva 1961 ave achidzidzisa paMoscow Conservatory. Pakati pevadzidzi vake ndiye akakunda IV Tchaikovsky Competition, mutambi weBrazil ane mukurumbira A. Moreira-Lima, mutambi wepiyano weCzech Bozhena Steinerova, akakunda VIII Tchaikovsky Competition Irina Plotnikova, uye nhamba yevamwe vechidiki veSoviet uye kunze kwenyika. “Ndine chokwadi chekuti kana muimbi akaita chimwe chinhu mubasa rake, anofanira kudzidziswa,” anodaro Kerer. "Sezvo isu tinosungirwa kusimudza nhevedzano yevatenzi vekupenda, theatre, cinema - vese vatinodaidza kuti" vanyori ". Uye haisi nyaya yebasa retsika chete. Paunenge uchiita zvekudzidzisa, unonzwa kuvhurika maziso ako kuzvinhu zvakawanda ... "

Panguva imwe cheteyo, chimwe chinhu chinogumbura mudzidzisi Kerer nhasi. Maererano naye, zvinogumbura kushanda uye kungwara kuri pachena kwevechidiki vemazuva ano vane unyanzvi. Kunyanya kuomesa bhizinesi acumen. Uye kwete chete kuMoscow Conservatory, kwaanoshanda, asiwo mune mamwe mayunivhesiti emimhanzi munyika, kwaanofanira kushanyira. “Unotarisa vamwe vechidiki vairidza piyano unoona kuti havafungi zvakanyanya nezvezvidzidzo zvavo asi nezvemabasa avo. Uye ivo vari kutsvaga kwete vadzidzisi chete, asi vachengeti vane simba, vatengesi vanogona kutarisira kuenderera mberi kwavo, vangabatsira, sezvavanotaura, kuti vamire.

Chokwadi, vechiduku vanofanira kunetseka nezveramangwana ravo. Izvi zvakajairika, ndinonzwisisa zvese zvakakwana. Uye zvakadaro… Semuimbi, handigoni kuita asi kuzvidemba kuona kuti matauriro haasi pandinofunga kuti anofanira kunge ari. Handigoni kuita asi kugumbuka kuti zvinoisa pokutanga muupenyu nebasa zvinodzoserwa shure. Pamwe ndiri wrong…”

Akarurama, hongu, uye anozviziva zvikuru. Haangodi, sezviri pachena, kuti mumwe munhu amushore nokuda kwokupopota kwomukweguru akadaro, nokuda kwokugunun’una kusingakoshi kwakadaro kwouduku “hwazvino”.

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Mumwaka wa1986/87 na1987/88, mazita matsva akati wandei akaonekwa muzvirongwa zvaKerer – Bach's Partita muB flat major uye Suite muA minor, Liszt's Obermann Valley neFuneral Procession, Grieg's Piano Concerto, zvimwe zvezvidimbu zvaRachmaninoff. Haavanze chokwadi chokuti pazera rake zvinonyanya kuoma kudzidza zvinhu zvitsva, kuzviunza kuvanhu. Asi - zvinokosha, maererano naye. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvachose kuti urege kunamatira munzvimbo imwechete, kwete kusakodzera nenzira yekusika; kunzwa zvakafanana mafambiro mutambi wemakonti. Izvo zvinodiwa, muchidimbu, zvese zvehunyanzvi uye zvepfungwa chete. Uye yechipiri haina kukosha kudarika yekutanga.

Panguva imwecheteyo, Kerer ari kuitawo basa re "kudzoreredza" - anodzokorora chimwe chinhu kubva munhoroondo yemakore apfuura, anochidzosera muhupenyu hwake hwekonsati. "Dzimwe nguva zvinonakidza kuona kuti maitiro ekududzira kwekare anoshanduka sei. Naizvozvo, unozvishandura sei. Ndine chokwadi chekuti kune mabasa mumabhuku emimhanzi epasirese anongoda kudzoserwa nguva nenguva, mabasa anoda kugadziridzwa nguva nenguva uye kufunga patsva. Vakapfuma zvakanyanya mumukati mavo, saka multifacetedkuti panguva yese yerwendo rwehupenyu munhu anowana mavari chimwe chinhu chaive chisati chamboonekwa, chisati chaonekwa, charasika…” Muna 1987, Kerer akatangazve Liszt's B minor sonata murepertoire yake, yakaridzwa kweanopfuura makumi maviri emakore.

Panguva imwecheteyo, Kerer iye zvino ari kuedza kusamira kwenguva yakareba pane chimwe chinhu - taura, pamabasa emumwe uye munyori mumwechete, pasinei nokuti angave ari pedyo sei uye anodiwa. “Ndakacherekedza kuti kuchinja zvitayera zvenziyo, zvitayera zvakasiyana-siyana zvekunyora,” anodaro, “zvinobetsera kuchengeta manzwire endangariro mubasa. Uye izvi zvakakosha zvikuru. Kana mushure memakore akawanda ekushanda nesimba, mitambo yakawanda yemakonzati, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kusarasikirwa nekunaka kwekuridza piyano. Uye pano kuchinjana kwekusiyanisa, mimhanzi yakasiyana-siyana inondibatsira pachangu - inopa imwe mhando yekuvandudzwa kwemukati, inozorodza manzwiro, inobvisa kuneta.

Kune imwe neimwe mhizha, pane nguva inouya, anowedzera Rudolf Rikhardovich, paanotanga kunzwisisa kuti kune mabasa akawanda aasingazombodzidzi uye kutamba pachikuva. Hazvisi mukufamba kwenguva ... Zvinosuwisa, hongu, asi hapana chinofanira kuitwa. Ndinofunga nekuzvidemba, semuenzaniso, yakawanda seiHandina kutamba muhupenyu hwake mabasa aSchubert, Brahms, Scriabin, uye vamwe vanyori vakuru. Zviri nani iwe unoda kuita zvauri kuita nhasi.

Vanoti nyanzvi (kunyanya vashandi pamwe navo) dzimwe nguva vanogona kukanganisa pakuongorora kwavo uye maonero; general public in pakupedzisira hazvina kumbokanganisa. “Muteereri mumwe nomumwe pane dzimwe nguva haakwanisi kunzwisisa chinhu chipi nechipi,” akadaro Vladimir Horowitz, “asi apo vanoungana, vanonzwisisa!” Kwemakore angangoita makumi matatu, hunyanzvi hwaKerer hwakafarira kutariswa nevateereri vanomuona semuimbi mukuru, akatendeseka, asina pfungwa. Uye ivo kwete kukanganisa...

G. Tsypin, 1990