Period |

nguva (kubva muchiGiriki. periodos - bypass, circulation, imwe denderedzwa yenguva) - iyo yakapfava yekuumba fomu, iyo iri chikamu chemafomu makuru kana ane ayo. zvinoreva. Main P.'s basa kuratidzwa kwemimhanzi yakapera. pfungwa (madingindira) mukugadzira. homophonic warehouse. Meet P. dec. zvimiro. Chimwe chazvo chinogona kutsanangurwa sechinhu chikuru, chinowanzoitika. Uyu ndiP., umo kuenzanisa kwemitsara miviri inoiumba inomuka. Vanotanga zvakafanana (kana zvakafanana) asi vanopera nenzira dzakasiyana. cadence, kukwana kushoma mukutanga uye kuperera mumutsara wechipiri. Chiyero chinowanzoitika che cadences ihafu uye yakazara. Magumo ekubatana kukuru pamagumo emutsara wekutanga anowirirana nekuguma kwe tonic pakupera kwechipiri (uye nguva yacho yose). Iko kune harmonic reshiyo yeiyo yakapfava yechokwadi. kutevedzana, izvo zvinobatsira kuhutano hwechimiro cheP. Zvimwe zviyero zve cadences zvinogonekawo: kukwana kusina kukwana - kukwana kwakakwana, etc. Sezvimwewo, chiyero che cadences chinogona kuchinjwa (somuenzaniso, yakakwana - isina kukwana kana yakazara - isina kukwana. ) Kune P. uye ane cadence yakafanana. Imwe yedzakajairika sarudzo dze harmonica. P.'s zvimiro - modulation mumutsara wechipiri, kazhinji mune inotungamira gwara. Izvi dynamize chimiro P.; modulating P. inoshandiswa chete sechinhu chemafomu makuru.

Metric inoitawo basa rakakosha. hwaro hweP. Chimiro chevakawanda (asi kwete ese) masitaira nemhando dzemimhanzi yeEurope ndeye squareness, iyo iyo nhamba yembariro muP. uye mumutsara wega wega wakaenzana nesimba re2 (4, 8, 16, 32 ) Squareness inomuka nekuda kwekuchinja nguva dzose kwechiedza uye chinorema mabheti (kana, zvinopesana, inorema uye yakareruka). Mabhawa maviri akaiswa maviri maviri kuita mana, mbariro ina kuita sere, zvichingodaro.

Pachiyero chakaenzana nechakatsanangurwa, zvimwe zvivako zvinoshandiswawo. Vanoumba P. kana vakaita basa rimwechete semukuru. mhando, uye misiyano muchimiro haipfuuri mwero wakati, zvichienderana nerudzi uye manyorerwo emimhanzi. Izvo zvinotsanangura maficha emhando idzi imhando yekushandiswa kwemamusi. zvinhu, pamwe chete nemetric. uye harmonic. chimiro. Semuenzaniso, mutsara wechipiri haungadzokorori wekutanga, asi uenderere mberi, ndiko kuti, uve mutsva mumimhanzi. zvinhu. Vakadaro P. vakafona. P. yechimiro chisina kudzokororwa kana chimwe chete. Mitsara miviri yakasiyana-siyana inobatanidzwawo mairi nekubatanidzwa kwe cadences. Nekudaro, P. yechimiro chimwe chete haigone kukamurwa kuita mitsara, ndiko kuti, kusanganiswa. Muchiitiko ichi, iyo inonyanya kukosha yehutano nheyo yeP. inotyorwa. Uye zvakadaro chivakwa chinoramba chiri P., kana ichiisa tsanangudzo. zvinyorwa zvemusoro uye zvinotora nzvimbo imwe chete muchimiro chese seyetsika P. Pakupedzisira, kune P., inoumbwa nemitsara mitatu ine yakanyanya kusiyanisa. thematic ratio. zvinhu (a1 a2 a3; ab1b2; abc, nezvimwewo).

Kutsauka kubva kumhando huru P. inogonawo kushanda kune metric. zvivakwa. Kuenzanisa kwemitsara miviri yemakona kunogona kuputswa nekuwedzera wechipiri. Aya ndiwo maitiro akajairika akawedzera P. anomuka (4 + 5; 4 + 6; 4 + 7, nezvimwewo). Kudimburirwa kwemutsara wechipiri hakuna kunyanya kuwanda. Kune zvakare masikweya, umo isiri-squareness inomuka kwete nekuda kwekukunda iyo yepakutanga squareness, asi pachayo, sechinhu chinowanikwa mumhanzi uyu. Zvakadai zvisina-square P. zvinowanzoitika, kunyanya, zveRussia. music. Chiyero chehuwandu hwekutenderera munyaya iyi inogona kusiyana (5 + 5; 5 + 7; 7 + 9, nezvimwewo). Pakupera kwaP., mushure mekunge apedzisa. cadence, kuwedzera kunogona kusimuka - chivakwa kana nhevedzano yezvivakwa, zvinoenderana neyayo muses. zvinoreva inobatana neP., asi isina kuzvimiririra. value.

P. inowanzodzokororwa, dzimwe nguva nehuwandu hwekuchinja kwemavara. Kana, zvisinei, kuchinja panguva yekudzokorora kuunza chimwe chinhu chakakosha muurongwa hwehurmonic hweP., semugumisiro unoguma neine cadence yakasiyana kana mune imwe kiyi, saka haisi P. uye kudzokorora kwayo kwakasiyana kunomuka, asi chimiro chimwechete chezvakaoma P. Mitsara miviri yakaoma ye P. miviri yaimbove yakapfava P.

P. yakasimuka muEurope. Prof. mimhanzi munguva yemavambo ehomophonic warehouse, iyo yakatsiva iyo polyphonic (16-17 mazana emakore). Basa rinokosha mukuumbwa kwayo rakaitwa naNar. nemitambo yemumba. uye rwiyo uye kutamba. marudzi. Saka tsika yekuenda kune squareness, inova hwaro hwekutamba. music. Izvi zvakakanganisawo nyika chaiyo yemimhanzi inoti-va Western-Europe. nyika - mairi., Austrian, Italian, French. nar. rwiyo rwacho zvakare runodzorwa ne squareness. KuRussia rwiyo rwakadhirowewa harunacharacteristic ye squareness. Naizvozvo, organic isiri-squareness yakapararira muRussia. mimhanzi (MP Mussorgsky, SV Rachmaninov).

P. muprof. instr. mimhanzi muzviitiko zvakawanda inomiririra chikamu chekutanga chechimiro chikuru - zviri nyore zviviri kana zvitatu-chikamu. Kungotanga naF. Chopin (Preludes, op. 25) inova chimiro chekugadzirwa kwakazvimirira. Wok. mimhanzi P. yakakunda nzvimbo yakasimba sechimiro chevhesi murwiyo. Kune zvakare nziyo dzisiri-couplet uye dzerudo dzakanyorwa nenzira yeP. (rudo rwaSV Rachmaninov "Zvakanaka Pano").

References: Catuar G., Mumhanzi fomu, chikamu 1, M., 1934, o. 68; Sposobin I., Mumhanzi fomu, M.-L., 1947; M., 1972, p. 56-94; Skrebkov S., Kuongororwa kwemabasa emimhanzi, M., 1958, p. 49; Mazel L., Chimiro chemabasa emimhanzi, M., 1960, p. 115; Reuterstein M., Mimhanzi mafomu. Imwe-chikamu, maviri-chikamu uye matatu-chikamu mafomu, M., 1961; Mumhanzi Form, ed. Yu. Tyulina, M., 1965 p. 52, 110; Mazel L., Zukkerman V., Kuongororwa kwemabasa emimhanzi, M., 1967, p. 493; Bobrovsky V., Pamusoro pekusiyana kwemabasa emumhanzi fomu, M., 1970, p. 81; Prout E., Mumhanzi fomu, L., 1893 Ratner LG Einghteenth zana dzidziso dzemumhanzi nguva chimiro, "MQ", 1900, v. 17, no 31.

VP Bobrovsky