Pauline Viardot-Garcia |

Pauline Viardot-Garcia

Mudetembi weRussia N. Pleshcheev akanyora muna 1846 nhetembo "Kune Singer", yakatsaurirwa kuna Viardo Garcia. Heino chidimbu chayo:

Akazviratidza kwandiri ... uye akaimba rwiyo rutsvene, - Uye maziso ake aipisa nemoto wehumwari ... Mufananidzo iwoyo wakacheneruka maari ndakaona Desdemona, Paanokotama pamusoro perudimbwa rwegoridhe, Pamusoro pewillow akaimba rwiyo uye akavhiringidza kugomera. yerwiyo rwekare. Akanzwisisa zvakadii, akadzidza Uyo aiziva vanhu nezvakavanzika zvemoyo yavo; Uye kana mukuru akasimuka kubva muguva, Iye aizoisa korona yake pahuma yake. Dzimwe nguva Rosina mudiki aizviratidza kwandiri Uye aine shungu, sehusiku hwenyika yake ... uye nekuteerera inzwi rake remashiripiti, Munyika yakaorera yandaishuvira nemweya wangu, Umo zvese zvinorowedzera nzeve, zvese zvinofadza maziso, Imo denga redenga. Denga rinopenya nebhuruu risingaperi, Zvipembenene zvinoridza muridzo pamatavi emitsamvi, Nomumvuri womusipiresi unodedera pamusoro pemvura.

Michel-Ferdinanda-Pauline Garcia akaberekerwa muParis musi waChikunguru 18, 1821. Baba vaPolina, tenor Manuel Garcia panguva iyoyo vakanga vari panzvimbo yepamusoro yemukurumbira wake. Amai Joaquin Siches vaimbovewo muimbi uye pane imwe nguva "vakashanda sechishongo chechiitiko cheMadrid." mwarikadzi wake aiva Princess Praskovya Andreevna Golitsyna, uyo ainzi musikana.

Mudzidzisi wekutanga waPolina aiva baba vake. Kuna Polina, akagadzira akati wandei maekisesaizi, canons uye ariettas. Kubva kwaari, Polina akagara nhaka rudo rwemimhanzi yaJ-S. Bach. Manuel Garcia akati: "Muimbi chaiye chete ndiye anogona kuva muimbi chaiye." Nokuda kwekukwanisa kuita nekushingaira uye nemoyo murefu mumimhanzi, Polina akagamuchira zita remadunhurirwa rokuti Ant mumhuri.

Pazera remakore masere, Polina akatanga kudzidza kuwirirana uye kuumbwa dzidziso pasi pekutungamirirwa naA. Reicha. Akabva atanga kutora zvidzidzo zvepiyano kubva kuMeisenberg, uye kubva kuna Franz Liszt. Kusvikira pazera remakore gumi nemashanu, Polina akanga achigadzirira kuva pianist uye akatopa manheru ake muBrussels "Artistic Circle".

Aigara panguva iyoyo nehanzvadzi yake, muimbi anoshamisa Maria Malibran. Kare muna 1831, Maria akaudza E. Leguva nezvehanzvadzi yake kuti: “Mwana uyu … achatifukidza tose.” Nehurombo, Malibran akafa nekukurumidza. Maria haana kungobatsira hanzvadzi yake mune zvemari uye nemazano, asi, asingazvifungi iye pachake, akaita basa guru mune ramangwana rake.

Murume waPauline achava Louis Viardot, shamwari yaMalibran uye chipangamazano. Uye murume waMaria, Charles Berio, akabatsira muimbi wechidiki kukunda matanho akaoma zvikuru ekutanga munzira yake yeunyanzvi. Zita rokuti Berio rakamuzarurira mikova yehoro dzemakonzati. NaBerio, akatanga kuridza pachena nhamba dzega - muhoro yeBrussels City Hall, mune inonzi konzati yevarombo.

Muzhizha ra1838, Polina naBerio vakaenda kunoshanya konzati kuGermany. Mushure mekonzati muDresden, Polina akagamuchira chipo chake chekutanga chakakosha - emerald clasp. Kuita kwakabudirirawo muBerlin, Leipzig neFrankfurt am Main. Ipapo muimbi akaimba muItaly.

Kuita kwaPauline kwekutanga muParis kwakaitika muna Zvita 15, 1838, muhoro yeRenaissance Theatre. Vateereri vakagamuchira noushamwari kuimba kwemuimbi wechidiki zvidimbu zvakati kuti zvakaoma zvehunyanzvi zvaida hunhu hwechokwadi. Musi waNdira 1839, XNUMX, A. de Musset akaburitsa chinyorwa muRevue de Demonde, maakataura nezve "izwi nemweya weMalibran", kuti "Pauline anoimba sezvaanofema", achipedzisa zvese nenhetembo dzakatsaurirwa kune debuts. yaPauline Garcia naEliza Rachel.

Muchirimo cha1839, Garcia akaita debut yake kuRoyal Theatre muLondon saDesdemona muRossini's Otello. Pepanhau rekuRussia Severnaya Pchela rakanyora kuti “akamutsa kufarira kukuru pakati pevanoda mimhanzi”, “akagamuchirwa nemufaro uye akashevedzwa kaviri manheru… asi munguva pfupi vakaziva matarenda ake emumhanzi anoshamisa, izvo zvinomuita nhengo yakakodzera yemhuri yaGarcia, anozivikanwa munhoroondo yemimhanzi kubva muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Ichokwadi, inzwi rake harina kuzadza dzimba huru, asi munhu anofanira kuziva kuti muimbi achiri muduku zvikuru: ane makore gumi nemanomwe chete. Mukuita zvinoshamisa, akazviratidza sehanzvadzi yaMalibran: akawana simba iro chete nyanzvi yechokwadi inogona kuva nayo!

Musi wa7 Gumiguru 1839, Garcia akaita debut yake paItaly Opera saDesdemona muRossini's Otello. Munyori T. Gautier akagamuchira mukati make "nyeredzi yehukuru hwekutanga, nyeredzi ine misi minomwe", mumiriri wembiri inobwinya yedzinza raGarcia. Akacherekedza kuravira kwake muzvipfeko, zvakasiyana kwazvo nezvipfeko zvakajairika kuvaraidzi vokuItaly, “kupfekedza, sezviri pachena, muwadhiropu yembwa dzesayenzi.” Gauthier akadana inzwi remuimbi kuti “chimwe chezviridzwa zvakaisvonaka zvikuru zvinogona kunzwika.”

Kubva muna Gumiguru 1839 kusvika Kurume 1840, Polina ndiye aive nyeredzi huru yeItari Opera, aive "papamusoro pefashoni", sezvakataurwa kuna Liszt M. D'Agout. Izvi zvinoratidzwa nekuti paakangorwara, manejimendi yemitambo yakazvipira kudzosera mari kuvanhu, kunyangwe Rubini, Tamburini naLablache vakaramba vari mukuita.

Mwaka uno akaimba muOtello, Cinderella, The Barber yeSeville, Rossini's Tancrede naMozart's Don Giovanni. Mukuwedzera, mumakonzati, Polina akaita mabasa naPalestrina, Marcello, Gluck, Schubert.

Sezvineiwo, iko kubudirira ndiko kwakava tsime rematambudziko akatevera uye kusuwa kwemuimbi. Chikonzero chavo ndechokuti vaimbi vakakurumbira Grisi naPersiani “havana kubvumira P. Garcia kuita zvikamu zvinokosha.” Uye kunyangwe horo huru, inotonhora yeItalian Opera yakanga isina munhu nguva zhinji manheru, Grisi haana kutendera mukwikwidzi wechidiki kupinda. Polina akanga asina imwe sarudzo kunze kwekushanya kunze kwenyika. Pakati paApril, akaenda kuSpain. Uye October 14, 1843 vakaroorana Polina uye Louis Viardot vakasvika muguta guru reRussia.

Opera yekuItaly yakatanga mwaka wayo muSt. Nekuda kwake, Viardot akasarudza basa raRosina muThe Barber yeSeville. Kubudirira kwaive kwakakwana. Petersburg vanoda mimhanzi vakanyanya kufara nechiitiko chechidzidzo chekuimba, apo muimbi wacho asingatarisiri akabatanidza Nightingale yaAlyabyev. Zvinokosha kuti makore mazhinji gare gare Glinka mu "Manotsi" ake akati: "Viardot yaive yakanaka."

Rosina akateverwa naDesdemona muRossini's Otello, Amina muBellini's La Sonnambula, Lucia muDonizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor, Zerlina muMozart's Don Giovanni uye, pakupedzisira, Romeo muBellini's Montecchi et Capulets. Nenguva isipi Viardot akaita kushamwaridzana kwepedyo nevamiririri vakanakisisa veRussia artic intelligentsia: aigara achishanyira imba yeVielgorsky, uye kwemakore akawanda Count Matvey Yurevich Vielgorsky akava mumwe weshamwari dzake dzepamwoyo. Imwe yemitambo yakapindwa naIvan Sergeevich Turgenev, uyo akakurumidza kuziviswa kune anoshanyira mukurumbira. Sa AF Koni, "chido chakapinda mumweya waTurgenev kusvika pakadzika dzika uye chakaramba chiripo nekusingaperi, zvichikanganisa hupenyu hwese hwemunhu uyu ane murume mumwe."

Kwapera gore, misoro yeRussia yakasangana zvakare Viardot. Akapenya murepertoire yaaiziva uye akahwina kukunda kutsva muRossini's Cinderella, Donizetti's Don Pasquale uye Bellini's Norma. Mune imwe yetsamba dzake kuna George Sand, Viardot akanyora kuti: “Onai kuti vateereri vakanaka sei vandiri kuonana navo. Ndiye anoita kuti ndifambire mberi zvikuru.

Nechekare panguva iyoyo, muimbi akaratidza kufarira mumhanzi Russian. Chidimbu chakabva kuna Ivan Susanin, icho Viardot akaita pamwe chete naPetrov naRubini, chakawedzerwa kuAlyabyev's Nightingale.

"Nguva yekutaura kwake yakawira mumwaka we1843-1845," anonyora AS Rozanov. - Munguva iyi, lyrical-dramatic and lyric-comic zvikamu zvakatora chinzvimbo chepamusoro mune repertoire yemuimbi. Chikamu chaNorma chakasimuka kubva pachiri, chiitiko chinosuruvarisa chakatsanangura nguva itsva mubasa rekuita remuimbi. "Chikosoro chisina kunaka" chakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki painzwi rake, zvichiita kuti ripere nguva isati yakwana. Zvakangodaro, mapeji ekupedzisira mukuita kweViardot operatic anofanirwa kutanga atariswa kuita kwake saFidesz muMuporofita, uko iye, atove muimbi akakura, akakwanisa kuwana kuwirirana kunoshamisa pakati pekukwana kwekuita kwezwi uye huchenjeri hwekuratidzwa kunoshamisa. yemufananidzo wedariro, "kuguma kwechipiri" kwaiva chikamu chaOrpheus, chairidzwa naViardot nekunyengetedza kunopenya, asi nemashoko asina kukwana. Zvisingakoshi zvakakosha, asiwo budiriro huru yehunyanzvi, yaive yeViardot zvikamu zveValentina, Sappho neAlceste. Aive chaiwo mabasa aya, azere nenhamo yepfungwa, nekusiyana kwese kwetarenda rake remitambo, izvo zvakanyanya zvaienderana nekuchengetera manzwiro eViardot uye chimiro chetarenda rake rinopenya. Zvaive zvekutenda kwavari kuti Viardot, muimbi-mutambi, akatora chinzvimbo chakakosha muunyanzvi hweopera uye nyika yehunyanzvi yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX.

Muna May 1845, vaViardots vakabva kuRussia, vachienda kuParis. Panguva ino Turgenev akabatana navo. Uye mumatsutso, nguva yeSt. Petersburg yakatanga zvakare kune muimbi. Mabasa matsva akawedzerwa kumapati ake aaida - mumitambo yaDonizetti naNicolai. Uye panguva yekushanya uku, Viardot akaramba ari mudiwa weruzhinji rweRussia. Zvinosuruvarisa, mamiriro okunze ekuchamhembe akakanganisa hutano hwemuimbi, uye kubvira ipapo akamanikidzwa kusiya nzendo dzenguva dzose muRussia. Asi izvi hazvina kukwanisa kukanganisa hukama hwake ne "nyika yababa yechipiri." Imwe yetsamba dzake kuna Matvey Vielgorsky ine mitsetse inotevera: “Pese pandinopinda mungoro ndoenda kuItaly Theatre, ndinozvifungidzira ndiri mumugwagwa unoenda kuBolshoi Theatre. Uye kana migwagwa iine mhute zvishoma, kunyengera kwapera. Asi panongomira ngoro, inonyangarika, uye ndinotura befu.

Muna 1853, Viardot-Rosina akakundazve ruzhinji rwemuSt. II Panaev anozivisa Turgenev, uyo akabva aendeswa kunzvimbo yake Spasskoe-Lutovinovo, kuti Viardot "anoita ruzha muSt. Petersburg, paanoimba - hapana nzvimbo." MuMeyerbeer's The Prophet, anotamba rimwe remabasa ake epamusoro - Fidesz. Makonzati ake anotevera imwe pashure peimwe, umo anowanzoimba romances naDargomyzhsky naMikh. Vielgorsky Uku ndiko kwaive kuita kwekupedzisira kwemuimbi muRussia.

“Nekunyengetedza kukuru kwounyanzvi, muimbi wacho akaratidzira kaviri mifananidzo yevakadzi vomuBhaibheri,” anonyora kudaro AS Rozanov. -Pakati pemakore ekuma1850, akaonekwa saMahala, amai vaSamsoni, mune opera Samson naG. Dupre (panhandare yeimba yemitambo diki munzvimbo ye "Chikoro Chekuimba" chakakurumbira chetenor) uye, maererano nemunyori. , yakanga “yakakura uye yaifadza” . Muna 1874, akave mutambi wekutanga wechikamu chaDelilah muSaint-Saens 'operation Samson et Delilah. Kuita kwebasa raLady Macbeth mu opera yezita rimwe chete naG. Verdi ndechimwe chezvakagadzirwa zveP. Viardot.

Zvaiita sokuti makore akanga asina simba pamusoro pemuimbi wacho. EI Apreleva-Blaramberg anoyeuka kuti: "Pane imwe yenziyo "China" mumba maViardot muna 1879, muimbi, uyo panguva iyoyo akanga atova nemakore ari pasi pemakore makumi matanhatu, "akakanda mapfumo pasi" kune zvikumbiro zvekuimba uye akasarudza chiitiko chekurara kubva kuVerdi's Macbeth. Saint-Saens akagara pasi papiyano. Madam Viardot vakapinda pakati pekamuri. Manzwi ekutanga ezwi rake akarova nenzwi risinganzwisisike; manzwi aya aiita seakabuda nekunetsa kubva kune chimwe chiridzwa chine ngura; asi mushure mezviyero zvishoma izwi rakawedzera kudziya uye rakawedzera kubata vateereri ... Munhu wese akazadzwa nekuimba kusingaenzaniswi uko muimbi ane hunyanzvi akabatana zvachose nemutambi anonzwisa tsitsi. Hapana kana mumvuri wehutsinye hunotyisa hwemweya wechikadzi wakashungurudzika wakanyangarika pasina kuteedzera, uye apo, achidzikisa izwi rake kune nyoro achipuruzira pianissimo, umo kunyunyuta, uye kutya, uye kurwadziswa kwakanzwika, muimbi akaimba, achipuruzira runako rwake ruchena. maoko, chirevo chake chakakurumbira. "Hapana hwema hweArabia huchabvisa hwema hweropa kubva mumaoko madiki aya ..." - kudedera kwemufaro kwakapfuura nevateereri vese. Panguva imwe chete - kwete imwe yemitambo yemitambo; chiyero pazvinhu zvose; diction inoshamisa: izwi rimwe nerimwe raidudzwa zvakajeka; kufemerwa, kuita kwemoto kwakabatana nepfungwa yekugadzira yezvakaitwa yakapedzisa kukwana kwekuimba.

Sezvo atosiya nhandare yemitambo, Viardot anozviratidza semuimbi mukuru wekamuri. Murume ane tarenda rakasiyana-siyana, Viardot akazovewo munyori ane tarenda. Kutarisisa kwake semunyori wemazwi ezwi anokwezvwa zvakanyanya nemasampuli edetembo reRussia - nhetembo naPushkin, Lermontov, Koltsov, Turgenev, Tyutchev, Fet. Zvakaunganidzwa zverudo rwake zvakabudiswa muSt. Petersburg uye zvaizivikanwa zvikuru. Pane libretto yeTurgenev, akanyorawo operettas akati wandei - "Too My Wives", "The Last Muroyi", "Cannibal", "Mirror". Zvinoda kuziva kuti muna 1869 Brahms yakaita mutambo weThe Last Sorcerer kuVilla Viardot muBaden-Baden.

Akazvipira chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwake kune pedagogy. Pakati pevadzidzi nevadzidzi vaPauline Viardot vane mukurumbira Desiree Artaud-Padilla, Baylodz, Hasselman, Holmsen, Schliemann, Schmeiser, Bilbo-Bachele, Meyer, Rollant nevamwe. Vaimbi vakawanda vokuRussia vakapfuura nomuchikoro chemazwi chakanakisisa naye, kusanganisira F. Litvin, E. Lavrovskaya-Tserteleva, N. Iretskaya, N. Shtemberg.

Pauline Viardot akafa usiku hwaMay 17-18, 1910.