Mimhanzi yechinyakare yeJapan: zviridzwa zvenyika, nziyo nekutamba

Mimhanzi yechinyakare yeJapan yakaumbwa pasi pesimba reChina, Korea nedzimwe nyika dzeSoutheast Asia. Zvimiro zviya zvenziyo zvaivapo muJapan pamberi pekupinda kwegamuchidzanwa revavakidzani haasati avapo.

Naizvozvo, tsika yemimhanzi yeJapan inogona kutariswa zvakachengeteka seyakasanganiswa yezviitiko zvese zvakapinda mazviri, izvo nekufamba kwenguva zvakawana akasiyana erudzi.

Madingindira makuru muzvinyorwa zvengano

Ngano dzeJapan dzinopesvedzerwa nezvitendero zviviri: Buddhism nechiShinto. Iwo madingindira makuru engano dzeJapan mashura, mweya, mhuka dzine masimba emashiripiti. Zvakare chikamu chakakosha chengano inyaya dzinodzidzisa pamusoro pekutenda, makaro, nyaya dzinosuwisa, zvirungamutauro zvinosetsa.

Basa reunyanzvi nderekunamata zvisikwa, basa remimhanzi nderekuva chikamu chenyika yakapoteredza. Naizvozvo, pfungwa yemunyori inoiswa pasi kwete kukutaura kwepfungwa, asi kune kutamiswa kwematunhu uye zviitiko zvechisikigo.

Zviratidzo zvechiJapan tsika

Kushamwaridzana kwekutanga neJapan ndiko sakura (Japanese cherry). Munyika mune mhemberero yakakosha yekuyemura maruva ayo - khans. Muti uyu unoimbwa kakawanda muchiJapan haiku detembo. Nziyo dzechiJapan dzinoratidza kufanana kwezvinhu zvakasikwa nehupenyu hwevanhu.

Iyo crane haisi yakaderera mukuzivikanwa kune sakura - chiratidzo chekufara uye hupenyu hurefu. Hazvisi pasina kuti unyanzvi hweJapan hwe origami (kupeta mapepa mapepa) hwave hwakakurumbira munyika yose. Kuita kireni zvinoreva kukwezva rombo rakanaka. Mufananidzo wecrane uripo munziyo zhinji dzechiJapan. Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinotorwawo kubva kunze kwenyika. Chiratidzo chetsika dzechiJapan chiratidzo chechisikigo.

Nziyo huru nemhando dzekutamba

Kufanana nevamwe vanhu, mimhanzi yechinyakare yekuJapan yakashanduka kubva kumhando dzemashiripiti ekare kuenda kumhando dzenyika. Kuumbwa kwevakawanda vavo kwakapesvedzerwa nedzidziso dzechiBuddha nedzechiConfucius. Chikamu chikuru chemhando dzemimhanzi yeJapan:

• nziyo dzechitendero,
• mitambo yemitambo,
• gagaga court music,
• nziyo dzevanhu mazuva ose.

Mhando dzekare dzinonzi dzimbo dzechiBuddha shomyo uye mumhanzi wedare gagaku. Madingindira enziyo dzechitendero: Dzidziso yechiBuddha (kada), dzidziso dzedzidziso (rongi), nziyo dzerwendo rwekunamata (goeika), nziyo dzekurumbidza (vasan). Mimhanzi yeShinto - mimhanzi yekufadza vamwari, mitsetse mipfupi yenziyo uye kutamba mumapfekero.

Rudzi rwenyika runosanganisira mumhanzi wecourt orchestra. Gagaku isangano rinobva kuChina rinoridza zviridzwa (kangen), kutamba (bugaku), uye mimhanzi yezwi (wachimono).

Madhanzi echiJapan anotangira muzviito zvetsika. Kutamba kunoshamisa kunopinza kufamba kwemaoko nemakumbo, vatambi vanoratidzwa nekumonyoroka kwechiso. Mafambiro ese anofananidzira uye anonzwisisika chete kune vanotangisa.

Kune marudzi maviri ekutamba kwechiJapan kwemazuva ano: odori - kutamba kwemazuva ose nekufamba kwakapinza uye kusvetuka, uye mai - kutamba kune lyrical, unova munamato unokosha. Kunhuwa kwemaitiro kwakakonzera kutamba kwekabuki, uye gare gare kune inozivikanwa pasi rose theatre. Iyo mai style yakagadzira hwaro hweNoh theatre.

Inenge 90% yemimhanzi yenyika yezuva rinobuda inonzwika. Mhando dzakakosha dzekugadzira mimhanzi yevanhu ingano dzenziyo, nziyo dzinoperekedzwa nekoto, shamisen uye ensembles, tsika dzechivanhu nziyo: muchato, basa, zororo, vana.

Rwiyo rweJapan runonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pemaparera evanhu rwiyo "Sakura" (kureva, "Cherry"):

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zvimhanzi

Anenge ese madzitateguru ezviridzwa zvekuJapan akaunzwa kuzvitsuwa kubva kuChina kana Korea muzana ramakore rechisere. Vaiti vanocherechedza chete kufanana kwekunze kwezviridzwa zveEurope neAsia mienzaniso; mukuita, kuburitsa inzwi kune maitiro ayo.

Chiyoda -Zither yeJapan, chiridzwa chine tambo chinofananidzira dhiragoni. Muviri wekoto une chimiro chakareba, uye kana ichionekwa kubva parutivi rwemuiti, musoro wemhuka tsvene uri kurudyi, uye muswe uri kuruboshwe. Inzwi rinobudiswa kubva kune tambo dzesiriki nerubatsiro rweminwe, iyo inoiswa pachigunwe, index uye pakati nepakati.

siamese – chiridzwa chine tambo chakavhomorwa chakafanana nerudimbwa. Inoshandiswa mumutambo weJapan Kabuki theatre uye chiratidzo chetsika dzechiJapan: ruzha rune ruvara rwe shamisen mumhanzi wemadzinza rinofananidzira sekurira kwe balalaika mumhanzi weRussia. Shamisen ndicho chiridzwa chikuru chevaimbi vanofamba goze (zana ramakore rechi 17).

kuzunungusa - ChiJapan bamboo nyere, mumwe wevamiriri veboka rezviridzwa zvemhepo zvinonzi fue. Kubviswa kwezwi pane shakuhachi kunobva kwete chete pakuyerera kwemhepo, asiwo pane imwe kona yekurerekera kwechiridzwa. MaJapan anowanzoita kuti zvinhu zvipenyu, uye zviridzwa zvemimhanzi ndizvo zvimwe chetezvo. Zvinogona kutora mwedzi yakati wandei kudzoreredza mweya we shakuhachi.

Taiko – ngoma. Chishandiso ichi chaive chakakosha mumabasa echiuto. Imwe nhevedzano yekurova taiko yaive nechiratidzo chayo. Kuridza ngoma kunoshamisa: muJapan, zvese zviri zviviri mimhanzi uye zvemitambo zvemitambo zvakakosha.

kuimba mbiya - chikamu chechiridzwa chechiridzwa cheJapan. Iko kunenge kusina analogues chero kupi zvako. Kurira kwembiya dzeJapan kune kuporesa zvinhu.

Singing Wells (Suikinkutsu) - Chimwe chishandiso chakasarudzika, chiri chirongo chakapidiguka chakavigwa muvhu, pamusoro pemvura inoiswa. Kuburikidza neburi riri nechepasi, madonhwe anopinda mukati uye anoita ruzha rwakafanana nebhero.

Zvimiro zveStylistic zvemumhanzi wechiJapan

Iyo modal chimiro chemimhanzi yeJapan chakasiyana zvakanyanya neEuropean system. Chiyero che 3, 5 kana 7 toni inotorwa sehwaro. Kushungurudzika hakusi kukuru kana kudiki. Matauriro ari munziyo dzevanhu vekuJapan haana kujairika kune vekuEurope. Zvidimbu zvingave zvisina sangano rinowanzoita rhythmic - mita, rhythm uye tempo zvinowanzochinja. Chimiro chemimhanzi yezwi chinotungamirirwa kwete nekuputika, asi nekufema kwemuiti. Ndicho chikonzero chakanyatsokodzera kufungisisa.

Kushaikwa kwemumhanzi notation chimwe chinhu chemimhanzi yeJapan. Pamberi penguva yeMeiji (kureva kuti, isati yasvika yeEuropean modhi yekurekodha munyika), pakanga paine hurongwa hwekunyora muchimiro chemitsara, manhamba, zviratidzo. Vaifananidzira tambo yaidiwa, fingering, tempo uye hunhu hwekuita. Zvinyorwa zvakananga uye rhythm hazvina kunyorwa, uye rwiyo rwakanga rusingabviri kuridza pasina kuzviziva. Nekuda kwekufambiswa kwengano nemuromo kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa, ruzivo rwakawanda rwakarasika.

Hushoma hwekusiyanisa zvine simba chinhu chechimiro chinosiyanisa mimhanzi yechiJapani. Iko hakuna kamwe-kamwe shanduko kubva kune forte kuenda piyano. Kuenzanisa uye kudiki kusiyanisa musimba kunoita kuti zvikwanise kuwana hunhu hwekuMabvazuva. Mhedzisiro mutsika yechiJapan iri pakupera kwemutambo.

Folk vaimbi netsika

Kubva pakutaura kwekutanga (8th century) yemimhanzi muJapan, tinodzidza kuti hurumende yakatarisana nekudzidza tsika dzeChina neKorea. Shanduko dzakakosha dzakaitwa dzakasarudza repertoire yedare regagaku orchestra. Mimhanzi yevanyori vechiJapan yakanga isingafarirwe uye yaiitwa muhoro dzemakonzati dzisinganyanyi kuremekedzwa.

Muzana ramakore rechi 9-12, tsika dzechiChinese dzinochinja, uye zvinhu zvekutanga zvenyika zvinoonekwa mumimhanzi. Nekudaro, mimhanzi yechinyakare yechiJapan haipatsanurwe kubva kumabhuku uye yemitambo. Syncretism mune art ndiyo mutsauko mukuru pakati pechiJapan tsika. Naizvozvo, vaimbi vefolk kazhinji havangogumiri kune imwe nyanzvi. Semuenzaniso, mutambi wekoto muimbi zvakare.

Pakati pezana remakore rechi19, kuvandudzwa kwemitambo yemimhanzi yeEurope yakatanga. Nekudaro, Japan haishandisi mimhanzi yekuMadokero sehwaro hwekusimudzira tsika yayo. Iwo macurrents maviri anokura achienderana pasina kusanganisa. Kuchengetedzwa kwenhaka yetsika nderimwe remabasa makuru evanhu veJapan.

Mukuparadzana, tinoda kukufadza iwe neimwe vhidhiyo inoshamisa.

Japanese kuimba matsime

Munyori – Sorpresa