Mhando nhatu dzevadiki mumhanzi

Iyo diki chiyero ine matatu makuru marudzi: echisikigo diki, harmonic diki, uye melodic midiki.

Nezve maficha eimwe neimwe yeaya mamodhi uye maitiro ekuawana, isu tichataura nhasi.

Natural diki - iri nyore uye yakasimba

Zvisikwa zvidiki chiyero chakavakwa maererano neformula "tone - semitone - 2 tones - semitone - 2 tones". Iyi ndiyo yakajairika chirongwa chechimiro chechiyero chidiki, uye kuti ikurumidze kuiwana, zvakakwana kungoziva zviratidzo zvakakosha mukiyi inodiwa. Iko hakuna madhigirii akachinjwa mumhando iyi yediki, saka hapagone kuve netsaona zviratidzo zvekuchinja mairi.

Semuenzaniso, Mudiki chikero chisina zviratidzo. Saizvozvo, zvakasikwa A diki chiyero chezvinyorwa la, si, ita, re, mi, fa, sol, la. Kana mumwe muenzaniso, D minor scale ine chiratidzo chimwe - B flat, zvinoreva kuti zvisikwa D diki chiyero kufamba kwematanho mumutsara kubva paD kuenda kuD kuburikidza neB furati. Kana zviratidzo zviri mumakiyi anodiwa zvikasayeukwa nekukasira, saka unogona kuzviziva uchishandisa denderedzwa rezvishanu, kana kutarisa kune yakaenzana huru.

Chikero chidiki diki chinonzwika chiri nyore, chinosuwisa uye chakaomarara. Ndicho chikonzero chidiki chepanyama chakajairika mumhanzi wechechi wekare uye medieval.

Muenzaniso werwiyo mune iyi modhi: “Ndakagara padombo” - rwiyo rune mukurumbira rwevanhu vekuRussia, mukurekodha pazasi, kiyi yaro ndeyemusikirwo E madiki.

Harmonic minor - mwoyo weEast

Mune harmonic diki, nhanho yechinomwe inosimudzwa kana ichienzaniswa nechimiro chechimiro chechimiro. Kana mudiki diki nhanho yechinomwe yaive "yakachena", "chena" chinyorwa, zvino inosimuka nerubatsiro rwekupinza, kana yaive flat, ipapo nerubatsiro rwebecar, asi kana yakapinza, ipapo kuwedzera kwekuwedzera danho kunogoneka nekubatsirwa kwekaviri-yakapinza. Saka, iyi mhando yemodhi inogona kugara ichizivikanwa nekuonekwa kwechimwe chiratidzo chetsaona.

Semuenzaniso, mune imwechete A madiki, nhanho yechinomwe inzwi reG, muchimiro cheharmonic haizove G chete, asi G-yakapinza. Mumwe muenzaniso: C minor is tonality ine matatu flats pakiyi (si, mi uye la flat), chinyorwa si-flat chinowira pachinhanho chechinomwe, tinochisimudza ne becar (si-becar).

Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwechinomwe nhanho (VII #), chimiro chechiyero chinoshanduka mune harmonic diki. Nhanho iri pakati penhanho yechitanhatu neyechinomwe inova yakawanda setani imwe nehafu. Chiyero ichi chinokonzera kuonekwa kwezvikamu zvitsva zvakawedzera, izvo zvakanga zvisipo kare. Nguva dzakadai dzinosanganisira, semuenzaniso, yechipiri yakawedzerwa (pakati peVI neVII #) kana yechishanu yakawedzerwa (pakati peIII neVII #).

Harmonic minor scale inonzwika seyakagadzikana, ine hunhu hwechiArabic-yekumabvazuva. Zvisinei, pasinei neizvi, ndiyo harmonic mudiki ndiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa yemhando nhatu dzechidiki mumimhanzi yeEurope - classical, folk kana pop-pop. Iyo ine zita rayo "harmonic" nekuti inozviratidza kwazvo mumakodhi, ndiko kuti, mukuwirirana.

Muenzaniso werwiyo mune iyi modhi ndeyevanhu vekuRussia “Rwiyo rweBhinzi” (kiyi iri muA diki, chitarisiko chiri harmonic, sekunge G-yakapinza inotiudza).

Muimbi anogona kushandisa marudzi akasiyana evadiki mubasa rimwechete, semuenzaniso, chinjanisa chidiki chemusikirwo chine harmonic, sezvinoita Mozart mudingindira guru remukurumbira wake. Symphonies Nhamba 40:

Melodic minor - yemanzwiro uye yenyama

Iyo melodic minor scale yakasiyana kana ichikwidzwa kumusoro kana pasi. Kana vakakwira, ipapo matanho maviri anosimudzwa panguva imwe chete mairi - yechitanhatu (VI #) uye yechinomwe (VII #). Kana vakaridza kana kuimba pasi, ipapo shanduko idzi dzinodzimwa, uye yakajairika madiki manzwi madiki.

Semuyenzaniso, chiyero che A minor mu melodic ascending motion chichava chikero chezvinyorwa zvinotevera: la, si, do, re, mi, f-sharp (VI#), sol-sharp (VII#), la. Kana uchidzika pasi, zvinopinza izvi zvinopera, zvichishanduka kuita G-becar uye F-becar.

Kana kuti gamma muC minor mumhanzi inokwidza inonzwika ndeiyi: C, D, E-flat (ine kiyi), F, G, A-becar (VI#), B-becar (VII#), C. Yakasimudzwa manotsi anozodzokera kuita B-flat uye A-flat paunenge uchidzika.

Nezita remhando iyi yevadiki, zviri pachena kuti inotarisirwa kushandiswa munziyo dzinonakidza. Sezvo iyo melodic midiki inonzwika zvakasiyana (kwete zvakaenzana kumusoro uye pasi), inokwanisa kuratidza zvinyoro zvinyoro zvinyowani uye zviitiko pazvinooneka.

Kana chikero chichikwira, manzwi ayo mana ekupedzisira (semuenzaniso, muA minor - mi, F-sharp, G-sharp, la) inopindirana nechiyero chemukuru wezita rimwechete (A huru mune yedu). Naizvozvo, vanogona kuendesa mimvuri yakajeka, vavariro dzetariro, manzwiro anodziya. Kufamba munzira yakatarisana neruzha rwechikero chechisikigo kunotora zvese kuomarara kwechisikigo chidiki, uye, pamwe, imwe mhando yedoom, kana pamwe nhare, chivimbo chekurira.

Nerunako rwayo uye kuchinjika, nemikana yakafara yekufambisa manzwiro, mudiki anoimba aifarira kwazvo vanyori, ndicho chikonzero nei achiwanzo kuwanikwa murudo nenziyo dzakakurumbira. Ngatitorei rwiyo semuenzaniso "Moscow Nights" (mumhanzi waV. Solovyov-Sedoy, mazwi naM. Matusovsky), apo mudiki anoimba ane nhanho dzakasimudzwa anonzwika panguva iyo muimbi achitaura nezvemanzwiro ake enziyo (Dai waiziva kuti ndinodiwa sei ...):

Ngatizviite zvakare

Saka, kune marudzi matatu ediki: yekutanga ndeyechisikigo, yechipiri ndeye harmonic uye yechitatu ine melodic:

1. Zvisikwa zvidiki zvinogona kuwanikwa nekugadzira chiyero uchishandisa fomuro "tone-semitone-tone-tone-semitone-tone-tone";
2. Muharmonic diki, dhigirii rechinomwe (VII #) inosimudzwa;
3. Mune melodic minor, kana uchikwira kumusoro, nhanho yechitanhatu neyechinomwe (VI # uye VII #) inosimudzwa, uye kana ichidzokera kumashure, iyo yakasikwa diki inoridzwa.

Kuti ushande pane iyi dingindira uye uyeuke kuti chiyero chidiki chinonzwika sei nenzira dzakasiyana, tinokurudzira zvikuru kuona iyi vhidhiyo naAnna Naumova (imba pamwe naye):

Kudzidzira zviitwa

Kusimbisa musoro wenyaya, ngatiite zviitwa zviviri. Basa nderekuti: nyora, taura kana kuridza papiyano zvikero zvemhando nhatu dzezvikero zvidiki muE diki uye G diki.

Diki scale table

Kune avo vachiri kuomerwa nekukasira kufungidzira zvikero zvidiki mumhando nhatu, takagadzirira tafura yekunongedza. Iyo ine zita rekiyi uye dhizaini yayo yetsamba, mufananidzo weakakosha mavara - anopinza uye mafurati muhuwandu hwakakodzera, uye zvakare anodoma mavara asina kujairika anoonekwa mune harmonic kana melodic chimiro chechiyero. Pakazara, makiyi madiki gumi neshanu anoshandiswa mumimhanzi:

Nzira yekushandisa sei tafura yakadaro? Funga nezvezvikero zviri muna B diki uye F diki semuenzaniso. Pane zviratidzo zviviri zvakakosha muB diki: F-yakapinza uye C-yakapinza, zvinoreva kuti chiyero chechisikigo chekiyi ichi chinotaridzika seizvi: B, C-yakapinza, D, E, F-yakapinza, G, A, Si. Iyo harmonic B mudiki ichasanganisira A-yakapinza. Mune melodic B diki, nhanho mbiri dzichatoshandurwa - G-yakapinza uye A-yakapinza.

Muchikamu cheF chidiki, sezvakajeka kubva patafura, pane zviratidzo zvina zvakakosha: si, mi, la uye d-flat. Saka iyo yakasikwa F diki chiyero ndeye: F, G, A-flat, B-flat, C, D-flat, E-flat, F. Mune harmonic F duku - mi-bekar, sekuwedzera kwechinomwe danho. Mune melodic F mudiki - D-becar uye E-becar.

Ndizvo zvose ikozvino! Muzvinyorwa zvichauya, muchadzidza kuti kune mamwe marudzi ezvikero zviduku, uyewo ndeapi marudzi matatu ezvikuru. Gara wakatarisa, batanidza Facebook boka redu kuti urambe uripo!