François Joseph Gossec |

Francois Joseph Gossec

French bourgeois shanduko yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. "Ndakaona mumimhanzi simba guru revanhu" (B. Asafiev), inokwanisa kupesvedzera zvine simba kufunga nezviito zvevose uye ruzhinji rwevanhu. Mumwe wevaimbi vakaraira ngwariro nemirangariro zveava vazhinji akanga ari F. Gossec. Mudetembi uye munyori wemitambo yeChimurenga, MJ Chenier, anotaura naye munhetembo Pamusoro peSimba reMumhanzi: "Harmonious Gossek, iyo mbira yako yekuchema yakaona kubva pabhokisi remunyori Meropa" (Voltaire. - SR), “kure kure, murima rinotyisa, kurira kwengoma dzemariro, kurira kusinganzwisisike kwengoma dzakasimba uye kurira kusingafadzi kwegongo reChina kwakanzwika.”

Mumwe wevakuru vemimhanzi uye veruzhinji, Gossec akatanga hupenyu hwake kure netsika dzeEurope, mumhuri yevarombo. Akapinda mumhanzi pachikoro chekuimba paAntwerp Cathedral. Pazera remakore gumi nemanomwe, muimbi wechidiki atove muParis, kwaanowana muchengeti, munyori akakurumbira wechiFrench JF Rameau. Mumakore matatu chete, Gossec akatungamira imwe yeakanakisa orchestras muEurope (chapel yemurimi mukuru La Pupliner), iyo yaakatungamira kwemakore masere (3-1754). Mune ramangwana, simba, bhizinesi uye chiremera cheMunyori weNyika akavimbisa basa rake mumachapel emachinda Conti naConde. Muna 62, akaronga nzanga yeAmateur Concerts, uye muna 1770 akashandura Sacred Concerts nzanga, yakavambwa muna 1773, achishanda semudzidzisi uye muimbi wekwaya kuRoyal Academy of Music (iyo ramangwana Grand Opera). Nekuda kwekudzikira kwekudzidziswa kwevaimbi veFrance, shanduko yedzidzo yemimhanzi yaidiwa, uye Gossec akatanga kuronga Chikoro cheRoyal chekuimba nekudzokorora. Yakatangwa muna 1725, muna 1784 yakakura ikava National Music Institute, uye muna 1793 ikava nzvimbo yekuchengetedza, iyo Gossek yakaramba iri purofesa uye mutungamiri wepamusoro kusvika 1795. Pamwe chete nemamwe mapurofesa, akashanda pamabhuku ezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi uye zvidzidzo. Mukati memakore eChimurenga neHumambo, Gossec aifarira mukurumbira mukuru, asi nekutanga kweKudzoreredza, munyori werepublican ane makore makumi masere akabviswa kubva kubasa rekuchengetedza uye kubva mumagariro evanhu.

Mhando yezvido zvekugadzira zveMunyori weHurumende yakakura kwazvo. Akanyora makomiki opera nemadhirama enziyo, mabhora uye mimhanzi yemitambo inoshamisa, oratorios uye masasi (kusanganisira requiem, 1760). Chikamu chakakosha chenhaka yake yaive mimhanzi yemhemberero nemitambo yeChimurenga cheFrance, pamwe nemimhanzi yezviridzwa (60 symphonies, approx. 50 quartets, trios, overtures). Mumwe wevatambi vakuru veFrench symphonist vezana ramakore rechi 14, Gossec ainyanya kufarirwa nevenguva yake nekugona kwake kupa maFrench maficha kune rimwe basa re orchestra: kutamba, rwiyo, arioznost. Zvichida ndicho chikonzero anowanzonzi muvambi weFrench symphony. Asi kubwinya kusingagumi kweGossek kuri murwiyo rwake rukuru rwekuchinja-nyika. Munyori we "Rwiyo rwaChikunguru 200", kwaya "Mukai, vanhu!", "Hymn to Rusununguko", "Te Deum" (yevatambi vechiXNUMX), iyo yakakurumbira Funeral March (iyo yakava prototype yekufora kwemariro mune symphonic uye Zvishandiso zvevanyori vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX), Gossek akashandisa zviri nyore uye zvinonzwisisika kune akakura anonzwa mazwi, mimhanzi mifananidzo. Kupenya kwavo uye hutsva hwaive zvekuti ndangariro dzavo dzakachengetwa mubasa revanyori vazhinji vezana ramakore rechi XNUMX - kubva kuBeethoven kuenda kuBerlioz neVerdi.

S. Rytsarev