Ernst Theodor Amadeus Hoffmann (ETA Hoffmann) |

ETA Hoffman

Hoffmann Ernst Theodor (Wilhelm) Amadeus (24 I 1776, Koenigsberg - 25 June 1822, Berlin) - munyori wechiGermany, muimbi, kondakita, pendi. Mwanakomana wemukuru mukuru, akagamuchira dhigirii remutemo paYunivhesiti yeKönigsberg. Aiita zvemabhuku nekupenda, akatanga kudzidza mimhanzi nababamunini vake, uyezve nemuimbi H. Podbelsky (1790-1792), gare gare muBerlin akatora zvidzidzo zvekunyora kubva IF Reichardt. Aive muongorori wedare muGlogow, Poznan, Plock. Kubva 1804, kanzura wehurumende muWarsaw, kwaakazova murongi wePhilharmonic Society, iyo symphony orchestra, akashanda semutungamiri uye munyori. Mushure mekugarwa kweWarsaw nemauto eFrance (1807), Hoffmann akadzokera kuBerlin. Muna 1808-1813 akanga ari kondakita, munyori uye decorator yemitambo muBamberg, Leipzig uye Dresden. Kubva 1814 aigara muBerlin, kwaakange ari chipangamazano wekururamisira mumatare epamusoro-soro uye makomisheni emutemo. Pano Hoffmann akanyora mabhuku ake anokosha zvikuru. Zvinyorwa zvake zvekutanga zvakaburitswa pamapeji eAllgemeine Musikalische Zeitung (Leipzig), yaaive ari mushandi kubva muna 1809.

Mumiriri akatanhamara wechikoro cheGerman cherudo, Hoffmann akava mumwe wevatangi verudo mumhanzi aesthetics uye kutsoropodza. Atova padanho rekutanga mukuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi yerudo, akagadzira maitiro ayo uye airatidza chinzvimbo chinosiririsa chemuimbi werudo munharaunda. Hoffmann aifungidzira mimhanzi senyika yakakosha inokwanisa kuzarurira munhu zvinorehwa nemanzwiro ake uye zvido zvake, pamwe nekunzwisisa chimiro chezvose zvisinganzwisisike uye zvisingatauriki. Mumutauro wezvinyorwa zverudo, Hoffmann akatanga kunyora pamusoro pezvakakosha zvemimhanzi, nezvemabasa emimhanzi, vanyori nevatambi. Mubasa reKV Gluck, WA ​​Mozart uye kunyanya L. Beethoven, akaratidza maitiro anotungamira kune yerudo gwara. Chiratidziro chakajeka chemaonero aHoffmann emumhanzi uye anoyevedza inyaya dzake pfupi: “Cavalier Gluck” (“Ritter Gluck”, 1809), “The Musical Sufferings of Johannes Kreisler, Kapellmeister” (“Johannes Kreisler's, des Kapellmeisters musikalische Leiden1810”, 1813 , "Don Giovanni" (1813), nhaurirano "Mudetembi uye Munyori" ("Der Dichter und der Komponist", 1814). Nyaya dzaHoffmann dzakazobatanidzwa muunganidzwa Fantasies muMweya waCallot (Fantasiesucke muCallot's Manier, 15-XNUMX).

Munyaya pfupi, pamwe nemuZvimedu zveBiography yaJohannes Kreisler, yakaunzwa munovhero The Worldly Views of the Cat Murr (Lebensansichten des Katers Murr, 1822), Hoffmann akagadzira mufananidzo unosiririsa wemuimbi akafemerwa, Kreisler "anopenga. Kapellmeister”, anopandukira philistinism uye achazotambura. Mabasa aHoffmann akapesvedzera aesthetics yaKM Weber, R. Schumann, R. Wagner. Mifananidzo yenhetembo yaHoffmann yakanga iri mumabasa evanyori vakawanda - R. Schumann ("Kreislerian"), R. Wagner ("The Flying Dutchman"), PI Tchaikovsky ("The Nutcracker"), AS Adam ("Giselle"). , L. Delibes (“Coppelia”), F. Busoni (“Sarudzo yeMwenga”), P. Hindemith (“Cardillac”) nevamwe. zita remadunhurirwa rokuti Zinnober "," Princess Brambilla ", etc. Hoffmann ndiye gamba rema operas naJ. Offenbach ("Tales of Hoffmann", 1881) uye G. Lachchetti ("Hoffmann", 1912).

Hoffmann ndiye munyori wemabasa emimhanzi, kusanganisira yekutanga yeGerman opera Ondine (1813, post. 1816, Berlin), iyo opera Aurora (1811-12; zvichida post. 1813, Würzburg; posthumous post. 1933, Bamberg ), symphonies, kwaya, nziyo dzekamuri. Muna 1970, kuburitswa kwemuunganidzwa wemabasa emimhanzi akasarudzwa naHoffmann akatanga muMainz (FRG).

Zvinyorwa: mabasa, ed. naG. Ellinger, B.-Lpz.-W.-Stuttg., 1927; mabasa enhetembo. Yakapepetwa naG. Seidel. Nhanganyaya naHans Mayer, vols. 1-6, В., 1958; Mimhanzi novella uye zvinyorwa pamwe chete netsamba uye diary zvinyorwa. Akasarudzwa uye akatsanangurwa naRichard Münnich, Weimar, 1961; в рус. pa. — Избранные произведения, т. 1-3, M., 1962.

References: Braudo EM, ETA Hoffman, P., 1922; Ivanov-Boretsky M., ETA Hoffman (1776-1822), "Music Education", 1926, No 3-4; Rerman VE, German romantic opera, mubhuku rake: Opera House. Zvinyorwa uye tsvakurudzo, M., 1961, p. 185-211; Zhitomirsky D., Iyo yakanaka uye chaiyo mune aesthetics yeETA Hoffmann. "SM", 1973, Nhamba 8.

CA Marcus