Ernest Ansermet |

Ernest Ansermet

Iyo yakasarudzika uye yakakura chimiro cheSwiss conductor inoratidza nguva yese mukuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi yemazuva ano. Muna 1928, magazini yokuGermany inonzi Di Muzik yakanyora munyaya yaitaura nezveAnserme kuti: “Kufanana nemakondakita mashomanana, ndewenguva yedu zvachose. Chete pahwaro hwemifananidzo yakawanda, inopesana yehupenyu hwedu, munhu anogona kunzwisisa hunhu hwake. Kunzwisisa, asi kwete kudzikisira kune imwechete formula.

Kutaura nezve nzira yekusika yaAnserme isina kujairika kunorevawo munzira dzakawanda kutaura nyaya yehupenyu hwemimhanzi yenyika yake, uye pamusoro pezvose zvinoshamisa Orchestra yeRomanesque Switzerland, yakavambwa naye muna 1918.

Pakazotangwa orchestra, Ernest Ansermet akanga ava nemakore 35. Kubva pauduku hwake, aifarira mimhanzi, akapedza maawa akawanda ari piyano. Asi haana kugamuchira yakarongeka mumhanzi, uye kunyanya dzidzo kondakita. Akadzidza pane gymnasium, mune cadet Corps, paLausanne College, kwaakadzidza masvomhu. Gare gare, Ansermet akaenda kuParis, akapinda kirasi yomuitisi paimba yokuchengeta tsika, akapedza imwe nguva yechando muBerlin, achiteerera makonzati evaimbi vakatanhamara. Kwenguva yakareba akanga asingakwanisi kuzadzisa kurota kwake: kudiwa kwekuwana mari yakamanikidza jaya kuti ridzidze masvomhu. Asi nguva yose iyi, Ansermet haana kusiya pfungwa dzokuva muimbi. Uye apo, zvaiita, tarisiro yebasa resainzi yakavhurika pamberi pake, akasiya zvese kuti atore nzvimbo ine mwero yebhendi weimba diki yekutandarira muMontreux, iyo yakaitika yakangoitika. Pano mumakore iwayo vateereri vemafashoni vakaungana - vamiririri vevanhu vepamusoro, vapfumi, pamwe chete nevanyori. Pakati pevateereri vechidiki kondakita paiva neimwe nzira Igor Stravinsky. Musangano uyu waive wakasimba muhupenyu hweAnsermet. Nenguva isipi, maererano nezano raStravinsky, Diaghilev akamukoka kunzvimbo yake - kuRussian ballet troupe. Kushanda pano hakuna kungobatsira Anserme kuwana ruzivo - panguva iyi akajairana nemimhanzi yeRussia, iyo yaakava muyemure wehupenyu.

Mukati memakore akaoma ehondo, basa remuimbi rakambovhiringidzwa kwenguva yakati – pachinzvimbo chetsvimbo yemuperekedzi, akamanikidzwa zvakare kutora chinongedzo chemudzidzisi. Asi kare muna 1918, mushure mokunge vaunganidza vaimbi veSwitzerland vakanakisisa, Ansermet akaronga, chaizvoizvo, yekutanga nyanzvi yeorchestra munyika yake. Pano, pamharadzano dzeEurope, pamharadzano dzepesvedzero dzakasiyana-siyana netsika dzetsika, akatanga basa rake rakazvimirira.

Orchestra yaisanganisira vaimbi makumi masere chete. Ikozvino, hafu yezana ramakore gare gare, nderimwe remabhendi akanakisa muEurope, ane vanhu vanopfuura zana uye anozivikanwa kwese kwese nekuda kwekushanya kwayo uye kurekodha.

Kubva pakutanga, tsitsi dzekugadzira dzaAnsermet dzakatsanangurwa zvakajeka, dzichiratidzwa murepertoire uye kutaridzika kwehunyanzvi kwechikwata chake. Chekutanga pane zvese, hongu, mimhanzi yechiFrench (kunyanya Ravel naDebussy), mukufambiswa kwemavara mavara ayo Ansermet ane mashoma akaenzana. Zvadaro Russian classics, "Kuchkists". Ansermet ndiye akatanga kusuma vekwake, nevateereri vazhinji kubva kune dzimwe nyika, kubasa ravo. Uye pakupedzisira, mimhanzi yemazuva ano: Honegger naMilhaud, Hindemith naProkofiev, Bartok naBerg, uye pamusoro pezvose, Stravinsky, mumwe wevanyori vanofarira vanyori. Kugona kwaAnsermet kupisa vaimbi nevateereri, kuvakwezva nemavara anoyevedza emumhanzi waStravinsky, kunoratidza mukupenya kwayo kwese chinhu chenziyo dzake dzekutanga - The Rite of Spring. "Petrushka", "Firebird" - uye inoramba isingaenzaniswi. Sokutaura kwakaita mumwe wevatsoropodzi, “okhestra iri pasi penhungamiro yeAnsermet inopenya nemavara anonwisa, upenyu hwose, inofema zvikuru uye inobata vateereri nokufema kwayo.” Mune ino repertoire, kushamisika kunoshamisa kwemuitisi, plastiki yekududzira kwake, yakazviratidza mukubwinya kwayo kose. Ansermet ainzvenga marudzi ese ezviyereso nezviyero - imwe neimwe yekududzira kwake yaive yepakutanga, kwete sechero sampuli. Zvichida, pano, mupfungwa yakanaka, kushayikwa kwaAnsermet kwechikoro chaicho, rusununguko rwake kubva kutsika dzemurairidzi, rwakava nemhedzisiro. Ichokwadi, kududzirwa kwemimhanzi yekare uye yerudo, kunyanya nevanyori veGermany, pamwe chete naTchaikovsky, yakanga isiri pfungwa yakasimba yeAnsermet: apa pfungwa dzake dzakashanduka kuva dzisinganyanyi kugutsikana, kazhinji dzepamusoro, dzisina kudzika uye hukuru.

Anofarira propagandist yemimhanzi yemazuva ano, uyo akapa kutanga kuhupenyu hwemabasa mazhinji, Ansermet, zvisinei, akapikisa zvakasimba maitiro anoparadza ari mukufamba kwemazuva ano avant-garde.

Ansermet akashanyira USSR kaviri, muna 1928 na1937. Unyanzvi hwomuitisi pakuimba nziyo dzechiFrench nemabasa aStravinsky hwakaongwa zvakafanira nevateereri vedu.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek