Nazib Zhiganov |
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Nazib Zhiganov
Nziyo, mumweya wangu ndamera mbesa dzenyu ...
Uyu mutsara kubva ku "Moabit Notebook" yaMusa Jalil inogona kuverengerwa kumimhanzi yeshamwari yake uye shamwari yekugadzira N. Zhiganov. Akatendeka kune hunyanzvi hwaro hwemimhanzi yechiTatar, akawana nzira dzekutanga uye dzine zvibereko zvehukama hwayo hwekugara nemisimboti yekusika yemhando dzemimhanzi dzepasirese. Paiva panheyo iyi apo basa rake rine tarenda uye rekutanga rakakura - 8 operas, 3 ballets, 17 symphonies, kuunganidzwa kwepiyano zvidimbu, nziyo, dzerudo.
Zhiganov akaberekerwa mumhuri inoshanda-kirasi. Arasikirwa nevabereki vake nokukurumidza, akapedza makore anoverengeka ari mumisha yenherera. Ane upenyu uye ane simba, Nazib akamira zvinooneka pakati pevadzidzi veUral Pioneer Commune nemano ake emumhanzi akatanhamara. Kuda kudzidza kwakakomba kunomuendesa kuKazan, uko muna 1928 akagamuchirwa kuKazan Musical College. Mumatsutso a1931, Zhiganov akava mudzidzi paMoscow Regional Music College (yava kunzi Music School paMoscow Conservatory). Kubudirira kwekugadzira kwakabvumira Nazib, pane kurudziro yaN. Myaskovsky, muna 1935 kuti ave mudzidzi wechitatu paMoscow Conservatory mukirasi yeaimbova mudzidzisi wake, Purofesa G. Litinsky. Mhedzisiro yemabasa makuru akasikwa mumakore eConservatory yakave yakashata: muna 1938, mune yekutanga symphony konzati, iyo yakazarura Tatar State Philharmonic, yake yekutanga Symphony yakaitwa, uye musi waJune 17, 1939, kugadzirwa kweopera. Kachkyn (The Fugitive, lib. A Fayzi) akazarura Tatar State Opera uye Ballet Theatre. Muimbi anokurudzira wemabasa ehugamba evanhu muzita reMotherland - uye nyaya iyi, kuwedzera kune "Kachkyn", yakatsaurirwa kumitambo "Irek" ("Rusununguko", 1940), "Ildar" (1942) , "Tyulyak" (1945), "Namus" (" Honor, 1950), - munyori anonyanya kumiririra iyi dingindira repakati kwaari mumabasa ake epamusoro - munhoroondo uye yengano opera "Altynchach" ("Golden-Haired", 1941, rakasununguka. M. Jalil) uye mune opera-detembo "Jalil" (1957, lib. A. Faizi). Mabasa ese ari maviri anokwezva nekudzika kwemanzwiro uye kwepfungwa uye kutendeseka kwechokwadi kwemimhanzi, ine mutinhimira unoratidza kuchengetedza hwaro hwenyika, uye nehunyanzvi musanganiswa wezvakagadziridzwa uye zvakakosha zviitiko zvine hunyanzvi kuburikidza nekusimudzira symphonic.
Mupiro mukuru weZhiganov kuTatar symphonism hauna kupatsanurwa kune opera. Iyo symphonic nhetembo "Kyrlai" (yakavakirwa pangano "Shurale" naG. Tukay), iyo inoshamisa overture "Nafisa", iyo suite Symphonic novels uye Symphonic nziyo, 17 symphonies, kusangana pamwe chete, inonzwisiswa sezvitsauko zvakajeka zve symphonic. nhoroondo: mifananidzo yengano dzevanhu vakachenjera inoitika mavari, ipapo mifananidzo inonakidza yezvakasikwa inopendwa, ipapo kurwisana kwemagamba kunoitika, ipapo mimhanzi inokwevera munyika yemanzwiro enziyo, uye zvikamu zvevanhu-mazuva ese kana hunhu hwakanaka. yakatsiviwa nokutaura kwokupedzisira kunoshamisa.
Chisikwa chekugadzira, chimiro chekufunga kwemunyori weZhiganov, ndicho chaiva hwaro hwemabasa eKazan Conservatory, kusikwa uye kutungamira kwaakapiwa muna 1945. Kwemakore anopfuura 40, akatungamirira basa rekudzidzisa unyanzvi hwepamusoro mune zvayo. vadzidzi.
Pamuenzaniso webasa raZhiganov, mhedzisiro yekuchinja kwechokwadi munhoroondo yekare kumashure kwepentatonic mimhanzi tsika dzeNational Autonomous Republics mudunhu reVolga, Siberia neUrals zvinoratidzwa zvizere. Mapeji akanakisa enhaka yake yekusika, akazadzwa netarisiro inosimbisa hupenyu, vanhu-kunge kwakajeka hunhu hwemutauro wemumhanzi, vakatora nzvimbo yakakodzera muhomwe yemhando dzemimhanzi dzechiTatar.
Ya. Girshman
Zvinyorwa:
opareta (mazuva ekugadzirwa, ose muTatar Opera uye Ballet Theatre) - Kachkyn (Beglets, 1939), Irek (Cvoboda, 1940), Altynchach (Zolotovolosaya, 1941), Poet (1947), Ildar (1942, 2nd ed. - Road Pobedy. , 1954), Tyulyak (1945, 2nd ed. - Tyulyak and Cousylu, 1967), Hamus (Chest, 1950), Jalil (1957); ballet – Fatih (1943), Zyugra (1946), Ngano mbiri (Zyugra naHzheri, 1970); cantata – My Republic (1960); yeorchestra - 4 symphonies (1937; 2nd - Sabantuy, 1968; 3rd - Lyric, 1971; 4th, 1973), symphonic nhetembo Kyrlay (1946), Suite paTatar folk themes (1949), Symphonic nziyo (1965) , Nafis1952 Overture (1964 Overture) , Symphonic Novels (XNUMX), chamber-instrumental, piyano, mabasa ezwi; kudanana, nziyo, nezvimwewo.
