Bandoneon: chii, kuumbwa, inzwi, nhoroondo yechiridzwa

Chero ani akambonzwa kurira kweArgentine tango haazombovavhiringidza nechero chinhu - kuboora kwayo, mutinhimira unoshamisa unozivikanwa nyore uye wakasiyana. Akawana ruzha rwakadai rwekutenda kune bandoneon, chiridzwa chakasiyana chemimhanzi chine hunhu hwayo uye nhoroondo inonakidza.

Chii chinonzi bandoneon

The bandoneon iri rutsanga-keyboard chiridzwa, rudzi rweruoko harmonica. Kunyangwe ichinyanya kufarirwa muArgentina, kwainotangira iGerman. Uye asati ava chiratidzo cheArgentina tango uye kuwana chimiro chayo chazvino, aifanira kutsungirira shanduko dzakawanda.

Nhoroondo yechishandiso

Mumakore makumi matatu ezana ramakore rechi 30, harmonica yakaonekwa muGermany, iyo ine sikweya chimiro ine makiyi mashanu padivi rega rega. Yakagadzirwa nemumhanzi nyanzvi Karl Friedrich Uhlig. Paaishanyira Vienna, Uhlig akadzidza accordion, uye akafuridzirwa nayo, pakudzoka kwake akagadzira concertina yeGermany. Yaive shanduro yakavandudzwa yesquare harmonica yake.

Mumakore makumi mana ezana remakore rimwe chete, concertina yakawira mumaoko emuimbi Heinrich Banda, uyo akatoita shanduko dzake pairi - kutevedzana kwemanzwi akabudiswa, pamwe nekurongwa kwekiyi pa keyboard, iyo yakava. vertical. Chiridzwa chacho chakanzi bandoneon mukukudza musiki wayo. Kubva 40, akatanga kutengeswa muchitoro chezviridzwa zveBandy.

Mienzaniso yekutanga yebhandoneons yakanga iri nyore kudarika yemazuva ano, yakanga ine 44 kana 56 toni. Pakutanga, dzaishandiswa seimwe nzira kune imwe nhengo yekunamata, kusvikira makumi mana emakore gare gare chiridzwa chacho chakaunzwa netsaona kuArgentina - mutyairi wechikepe weGermany akachichinja ingave yebhodhoro rewhisky, kana zvipfeko uye chikafu.

Pane imwe kondinendi, bandoneon vakawana hupenyu hutsva nechinangwa. Manzwi ake anobaya anokwana murwiyo rwetango yeArgentina - hapana chimwe chiridzwa chakapa maitiro akafanana. Boka rekutanga revandoneons rakasvika muguta guru reArgentina pakupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX; nenguva isipi vakatanga kurira mumitambo yemimhanzi yetango.

Mafungu matsva ekufarira akarova chiridzwa nechekare muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, nekuda kwemuimbi ane mukurumbira pasi rose uye anopenya kwazvo bandoneonist Astor Piazzolla. Neruoko rwake rwakajeka uye rune tarenda, bandoneon neArgentina tango vakawana ruzha rutsva uye mukurumbira pasi rese.

Mhando

Musiyano mukuru pakati pemabhandoneon ndiyo nhamba yematoni, huwandu hwavo hunobva ku106 kusvika ku148. Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa 144-tone chiridzwa inoonekwa seyero. Kuti udzidze kuridza chiridzwa, 110-tone bandoneon inonyanya kukodzera.

Kune zvakare akasarudzika uye mahybrid marudzi:

• nemapombi;
• chromatiphone (ine inverted kiyi marongero);
• c-system, iyo inoratidzika seRussia harmonica;
• ine marongerwo, sepapiyano, nezvimwe.

Bandoneon mudziyo

Ichi chiridzwa chetsanga chechimiro che quadrangular chine mipendero yakakomberedzwa. Inorema makirogiramu mashanu uye inoyera 22 * ​​22 * ​​40 cm. Fur yebhandoneon yakawanda-yakapetwa uye ine mapuranga maviri, pamusoro payo pane zvindori: magumo emucheka akabatanidzwa kwavari, anotsigira chiridzwa.

Iyo kiibhodhi inowanikwa munzira yakatwasuka, mabhatani anoiswa mumitsara mishanu. Ruzha rwunoburitswa nekuda kwekuzunguzika kwetsanga dzesimbi panguva yekupfuura kwemhepo inopomba nemhepo. Sezvineiwo, pakuchinja mafambiro emvere, zvinyorwa zviviri zvakasiyana zvinoburitswa, ndiko kuti, kune kaviri manzwi akawanda sepane mabhatani pane keyboard.

Paunenge uchitamba, maoko anopfuudzwa pasi petambo dzemaoko dziri kumativi ose. Kutamba kunosanganisira zvigunwe zvina zvemaoko maviri, uye chigunwe cheruoko rworudyi chiri pamhepo yevhavha yevhavha - inogadzirisa mhepo.

Ndekupi chombo chinoshandiswa

Sezvatotaurwa, bandoneon inonyanya kufarirwa muArgentina, uko yakagara ichionekwa sechiridzwa chenyika - inogadzirwa ipapo kune matatu uye kunyange mana manzwi. Iine midzi yeGerman, iyo bandoneon inozivikanwa zvakare muGermany, kwainodzidziswa mumitambo yemimhanzi.

Asi nekuda kwehukuru hwayo compact, ruzha rwakasiyana uye kufarira kuri kukura kwetango, bandoneon iri kudiwa kwete munyika mbiri idzi chete, asi pasirese. Inonzwika yega, mune ensemble, mune tango orchestras - kuteerera kuchiridzwa ichi kunonakidza. Kunewo zvikoro zvakawanda uye zvekushandisa pakudzidza.

Vanonyanya kuzivikanwa vandoneonists: Anibal Troilo, Daniel Binelli, Juan José Mosalini nevamwe. Asi iyo "Great Astor" iri padanho repamusoro: chii chinongokosha yake yakakurumbira "Libertango" - rwiyo runobaya apo manotsi anotsiviwa neanoputika chords. Zvinoita sekuti hupenyu pachahwo hunonzwika mauri, huchikumanikidza kurota pamusoro pezvisingabviri uye kutenda mukuzadzika kwechiroto ichi.