MAtambudziko EKUSHANDURA DZIDZO YEMIMBI MURUSSIA NOKUBVIRIRA MAZISO EMUDZIDZISI WECHIKORO CHEMUIMBI WEVANA.

     Ruzha rwemashiripiti rwemumhanzi - mapapiro ane mapapiro - nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwevanhu, hwakakwira kumusoro kupfuura denga. Asi denga ragara risina makore nokuda kwemimhanzi here?  "Mufaro chete mberi?", "Pasina kuziva zvipingamupinyi?"  Kukura, mimhanzi, sehupenyu hwevanhu, senge ramangwana repasi redu, rakaona zvinhu zvakasiyana…

     Mimhanzi, chisiko chisina kusimba zvikurusa chomunhu, yakaedzwa kanopfuura kamwe munhau yayo. Akapfuura nemu medieval obscurantism, kuburikidza nehondo, mazana emakore-ekare uye nemheni-nekukurumidza, yemuno uye yepasirese.  Yakakunda marevolution, denda, uye Cold War. Kudzvinyirirwa munyika yedu kwakaputsa magumo evazhinji  vanhu vekugadzira, asi zvakare vakanyaradza zvimwe zviridzwa zvemimhanzi. Gitare rakadzvinyirirwa.

     Uye zvakadaro, mimhanzi, kunyange zvazvo yakarasikirwa, yakararama.

     Nguva dzemimhanzi dzaive dzisina kuoma…  kusina makore, kuvapo kwakabudirira kwevanhu. Mumakore ano anofadza, sezvinodavirwa nenyanzvi dzetsika dzakawanda, nyanzvi shoma dzino“berekwa.” Zvishoma pane  munguva yekusagadzikana kwemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika!  Pane maonero pakati pevasayendisiti  kuti chiitiko chekuzvarwa kwenyanzvi zvechokwadi chinokatyamadza mukutsamira kwaro kusingaite pa "mhando" yenguva, mwero wekufarira kwayo tsika.

      Hongu, mimhanzi yaBeethoven  akaberekwa munguva inosuruvarisa yeEurope, yakasimuka se "mhinduro"  kusvika kunguva inotyisa yeropa yaNapoleon, nguva yeChimurenga cheFrance.  Russian tsika kusimuka  XIX zana remakore harina kuitika muparadhiso yeEdheni.  Rachmaninov akaramba achigadzira (kunyangwe nekukanganisa kukuru) kunze kweRussia yake inodiwa. Chimurenga chakawira magumo ake ekugadzira. Andres Segovia Torres akachengetedza uye akakwidziridza gitare mumakore apo mumhanzi muSpain waidzipwa. Nyika yake yakarasikirwa nehukuru hwesimba regungwa muhondo. Simba roumambo rakazununguswa. Nyika yeCervantes, Velazquez, Goya yakatambura hondo yekutanga yekufa nefascism. Uye kurasika...

     Ehe, hungave hutsinye kana kutaura nezve kuenzanisira njodzi yemagariro nezvematongerwo enyika uine chinangwa chimwe chete: kumutsa shanje, kugadzira nzvimbo yekuberekera, kuita pane iyo nheyo "yakaipisisa, zviri nani."  Asi zvakadaro,  tsika inogona kupesvedzerwa pasina kushandisa scalpel.  Munhu anokwanisa  batsira  mimhanzi.

      Mimhanzi chinhu chinyoro. Haazivi kurwa, kunyangwe achigona kurwisana neRima. Music  inoda kuti titore chikamu. Anoteerera kufarirwa nevatongi uye rudo rwevanhu. Mhedzisiro yaro inotsamira pabasa rakazvipira revaimbi uye, mune zvakawanda, pavadzidzisi vemimhanzi.

     Semudzidzisi pachikoro chemimhanzi chevana chakatumidzwa zita rake. Ivanov-Kramsky, ini, sevamwe vandinoshanda navo, ndinorota kubatsira vana kubudirira kuita nzira yavo kumimhanzi mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma anhasi ekugadzirisa hurongwa hwedzidzo yemimhanzi. Hazvisi nyore kuti mimhanzi nevana, uye vakuru zvakare, vararame munguva yekuchinja.

      Nguva yekuchinja uye shanduko…  Tingave tichida kana kuti kwete, hapana chatinogona kuita kunze kwokupindura kuzvinetso zvenguva yedu.  Panguva imwecheteyo, pakugadzira nzira itsva uye nzira dzekupindura kumatambudziko epasi rose, zvakakosha kuti kwete kungotungamirirwa nezvido zvevanhu uye nenyika yedu huru, asiwo kuti tisarasikirwa nekuona zviroto uye zvishuvo zve "diki." ” muimbi wechidiki. Ko, kana zvichibvira, zvingachinja sei dzidzo yemimhanzi zvisingarwadzi, kuchengetedza zvinhu zvekare zvinobatsira, uye kusiya (kana kushandura) zvisisashandi uye zvisina basa?  Uye izvi zvinofanira kuitwa tichifunga nezvezvinhu zvitsva zvenguva yedu.

     Uye nei kuchinja kuchidiwa zvachose? Mushure mezvose, nyanzvi dzakawanda, kunyange dzisiri dzose, dzinofunga nezvemuenzaniso wedu wezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi  inoshanda chaizvo.

     Wese munhu anogara papasi redu kune imwe dhigirii kana imwe anotarisana (uye zvirokwazvo achasangana mune ramangwana) matambudziko epasi rose evanhu. Izvi  -  uye dambudziko rekupa vanhu zviwanikwa (maindasitiri, mvura uye chikafu), uye dambudziko rekusaenzana kwevanhu, izvo zvinogona kutungamirira ku "kuputika," nzara, uye hondo panyika. Pamusoro pevanhu  tyisidziro yehondo yenyukireya yakanga yava pedyo. Chinetso chekuchengetedza rugare chakakomba zvikuru kupfuura nakare kose. Dambudziko rezvakatipoteredza riri kuuya. Ugandanga. Hosha dzezvirwere zvisingarapike. Dambudziko rekuNorth-South. Ndaza inogona kuenderera mberi. Kare muzana remakore rechi19, muongorori wezvisikwa wokuFrance JB Lemarque akaseka achiseka kuti: “Munhu ndizvo chaizvo zvipenyu zvichazviparadza.”

      Nyanzvi zhinji dzemumba nekune dzimwe nyika mumunda wezvidzidzo zvetsika dzemimhanzi dziri kutoona kuwedzera kwakashata kwemamwe maitiro epasi rose pa "mhando" yemimhanzi, "mhando" yevanhu, uye mhando yedzidzo yemimhanzi.

      Nzira yekupindura sei kune matambudziko aya? Chimurenga kana kuti chemhindumupindu?  Tinofanira here kusanganisa kuedza kwematunhu mazhinji kana kurwa mumwe nemumwe?  Cultural changamire kana tsika dzepasirese? Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoona nzira yekubuda nayo  mumutemo wekudyidzana kwepasi rose kwehupfumi, kusimudzira kupatsanurwa kwevashandi pasi rose, nekudzika kwekudyidzana kwenyika. Iye zvino -  Uyu pamwe ndiwo mukuru, kunyange usiri usingarambiki, muenzaniso wehurongwa hwenyika. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti havasi nyanzvi dzose dzinobvumirana nenzira dzekudzivirira njodzi dzepasi rose zvichienderana nemitemo yekudyidzana kwenyika. Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofanotaura kuti zvichabuda pachena mune ramangwana.  neoconservative modhi yekuvaka rugare. Chero zvazvingava, mhinduro kumatambudziko akawanda  zvinoonekwa  mukubatanidza kuedza kwemapato anopokana pamisimboti yesainzi, kugadziridza zvishoma nezvishoma, kufunga pamwe chete kwemafungiro nezvinzvimbo, kuedza nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinobva pakuedza, pamisimboti yemakwikwi anovaka.  Zvichida, semuenzaniso, zvingave zvakafanira kugadzira mamwe maenzanisi ezvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana, kusanganisira pane kuzvitsigira. “Maruva zana ngaatumbuke!”  Zvakakoshawo kutsvaga zvibvumirano pane zvakakosha, zvinangwa, uye maturusi ekugadzirisa. Zvinokurudzirwa kusunungura, nesezvinobvira, shanduko kubva muchikamu chezvematongerwo enyika, kana shanduko dzichishandiswa kwete zvakanyanya nekuda kwe  mimhanzi pachayo, vangani mune zvido zvemapoka enyika, mu  zvido zvekambani sechombo chekunetesa vakwikwidzi.

     Nzira itsva dzekugadzirisa matambudziko akatarisana nevanhu  mabasa  raira zvavanoda kune zviwanikwa zvevanhu. Munhu mutsva wemazuva ano ari kuchinja. Iye  inofanirwa kuenderana nehukama hutsva hwekugadzira. Maitiro uye zvinodiwa zvinoiswa pamunhu mumamiriro emazuva ano zviri kuchinja. Vana vanochinjawo. Zvikoro zvemumhanzi zvevana, sechokutanga chinongedzo muhurongwa hwekudzidzisa mimhanzi, zvine donzvo rekusangana “nevamwe”, “vatsva” vakomana nevasikana, uye vaendese kune “kiyi” yavanoda.

     Kumubvunzo wabvunzwa pamusoro,  kana gadziridzo dziri madikanwa mumunda wekudzidzisa mimhanzi, mhinduro yacho inogona kunge yakaumbwa seinotevera. Mafungiro matsva mukuzvibata kwevechidiki, kushandura kukosha kwemaitiro, nhanho nyowani yepragmatism, rationalism uye zvimwe zvakawanda zvinoda mhinduro yakakwana kubva kuvadzidzisi, kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro matsva uye nzira dzekugadzirisa uye kugadzirisa mudzidzi wemazuva ano kune iwo echinyakare, nguva- zvakaedzwa zvinodiwa zvinoita kuti vaimbi vakuru "vekare" vakwire kusvika kunyeredzi. Asi nguva inotipa kwete matambudziko ane chekuita nemunhu. Tarenda yechidiki, pasina kuzviziva, iri kusangana nemhedzisiro  kuputsa nzira yekare yehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika yebudiriro,  international pressure…

     Kwemakore 25 apfuura  kubva pakuputsika kweUSSR uye kutanga kwekuvakwa kwevanhu vatsva  Paive nemapeji akajeka uye asina kunaka munhoroondo yekuvandudza hurongwa hwepamba hwedzidzo yemimhanzi. Nguva yakaoma ye90s yakapa nzira kune imwe nhanho yemaitiro akaenzana ekugadzirisa.

     Danho rakakosha uye rinodikanwa mukurongeka patsva kwehurongwa hwedzidzo yemimhanzi yemumba yaive kugamuchirwa neHurumende yeRussian Federation ye "Pfungwa yekuvandudza dzidzo mundima yetsika nehunyanzvi muRussian Federation ye2008-2015. ” Mutsetse wega wega wegwaro rino unoratidza chishuwo chevanyori chekubatsira mimhanzi kurarama uye kupawo simba  kuwedzera kwayo. Zviri pachena kuti vagadziri ve "Concept" vane moyo kusuruvara kwetsika dzedu uye unyanzvi. Zvakanyatsojeka kuti hazvibviri kuti pakarepo, nehusiku humwe, kugadzirisa matambudziko ese ane chekuita nekugadzirisa mimhanzi yezvivakwa kune zvitsva. Izvi zvinotsanangura, semaonero edu, yakanyanyisa tekinoroji, isiri yakazara pfungwa nzira yekukunda matambudziko matsva enguva. Kunyange zvazvo zvichifanira kucherechedzwa kuti zvakanyatsofungwa, zvakanaka (zvisinei zvisina kukwana) zvakaratidza matambudziko edzidzo yemifananidzo anotungamira masangano edzidzo enyika pakubvisa zvinonetsa. Panguva imwecheteyo, mukururamisira, zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti zvishandiso, nzira uye maitiro ekugadzirisa mamwe matambudziko mumamiriro ehukama hutsva hwemusika hahuna kunyatsoratidzwa. Hunyambiri hwenguva yeshanduko hunofungidzira nzira isina kujeka yemaviri kumabasa ari kugadziriswa.

     Nezvikonzero zviri pachena, vanyori vakamanikidzwa kunzvenga zvimwe zvakakosha zvekuvandudza dzidzo yemimhanzi. Semuenzaniso, nyaya dzemari uye kurongeka kwehurongwa hwedzidzo, pamwe nekugadzirwa kwehurongwa hutsva hwemuhoro wevadzidzisi, zvinosiiwa kunze kwemufananidzo. Sei, mumamiriro matsva ehupfumi, kuona chiyero chehurumende uye misika yezviridzwa mukupa  kukura kwebasa kwevaimbi vadiki (kurongeka kwenyika kana zvinodiwa pamusika)? Maitiro ekupesvedzera vadzidzi - kusununguka kwemaitiro edzidzo kana mutemo wayo, kutonga kwakasimba? Ndiani anotonga maitiro ekudzidza, mudzidzisi kana mudzidzi? Nzira yekuona sei kuvakwa kwezvivako zvemimhanzi - mari yeruzhinji kana kutanga kwemasangano akazvimirira? National identity kana "Bolonization"?  Decentralization of the management system for this industry or kuchengetedza hutongi hwakasimba hwehurumende? Uye kana pane mutemo wakasimba, zvino uchashanda sei? Chii chichava chiyero chinogamuchirwa chemafomu emasangano edzidzo yemamiriro eRussia - nyika, yeruzhinji, yakavanzika?    Riberal kana neoconservative nzira?

     Imwe yezvakanaka, mumaonero edu, nguva mukugadzirisa maitiro  pakanga pane chikamu (maererano nevashanduri vakanyanya, vasina kunyanya kukosha) kupera simba kwekutonga nehutungamiri hwehurumende.  mimhanzi dzidzo system. Izvo zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kumwe kudzikiswa kwehurongwa hwekutonga kwakaitika de facto pane de jure. Kunyangwe kugamuchirwa kwemutemo wedzidzo muna 2013 hakuna kugadzirisa dambudziko iri. Kunyangwe,  Chokwadi, vakawanda vari mumitambo yemimhanzi yenyika yedu vakanga vakanaka  chiziviso chekuzvimiririra kwemasangano edzidzo, rusununguko rwevashandi vekudzidzisa uye vabereki vevadzidzi vari muhutungamiri hwemasangano edzidzo yakagamuchirwa (3.1.9). Kana kare zvose dzidzo  zvirongwa zvakatenderwa pamwero weBazi reTsika neDzidzo, ikozvino masangano emimhanzi ave akasununguka zvishoma mukugadzira makosi, kuwedzera huwandu hwemabasa emimhanzi akadzidzwa, pamwe chete nezve  kudzidzisa zvitaera zvemazuvano zveunyanzvi hwemimhanzi, kusanganisira jazz, avant-garde, nezvimwe.

     Kazhinji, "Purogiramu yekuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwedzidzo yemimhanzi yeRussia yenguva kubva 2015 kusvika 2020 uye chirongwa chekuita kwekushandiswa kwayo" yakagamuchirwa nebazi reCultural of the Russian Federation inofanirwa kuongororwa. Panguva imwe,  Ndinofunga kuti gwaro rinokosha iri rinogona kuwedzerwa zvishoma. Ngatizvienzanise nazvo  yakagamuchirwa muUSA muna 2007 paTanglewood (yechipiri) symposium  "Charting for Future"  chirongwa "Main Directions eShanduko yeUS Mimhanzi Dzidzo yeMakore 40 Anotevera." Pamusoro pedu  Maonero anozvimiririra, gwaro reAmerica, kusiyana nereRussia, rakawandisa, rinozivisa, uye rinokurudzira mune zvakasikwa. Izvo hazvitsigirwe nemazano chaiwo uye kurudziro panzira uye nzira dzekuita izvo zvakarongwa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinoruramisa kuwedzeredza hunhu hweAmerican  gwaro nenyaya yekuti ndipo pakatanga dambudziko rezvemari ra2007-2008 muUnited States.  Mukuona kwavo, zvakaoma zvikuru kuita zvirongwa zveramangwana mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro. Zvinoita sekuti zvinokwanisika  zvirongwa zvenguva refu (yeRussia neAmerica) haitsamiri chete pachiyero chekutsanangurwa kwechirongwa, asiwo pakukwanisa kwe "top" kufarira nharaunda yemimhanzi yenyika mbiri kutsigira zvirongwa zvakagamuchirwa. Uye zvakare, zvakawanda zvinoenderana nekugona kwevakuru manejimendi kuti vawane mhedzisiro inodiwa, pakuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa zvekutonga kumusoro. Sei munhu asingakwanise kuenzanisa iyo algorithm?  kuita sarudzo uye kuuraya muUSA, China neRussian Federation.

       Nyanzvi dzakawanda dzinofunga nzira yekuchenjerera muRussia yekuvandudza chimiro chesangano chedzidzo yemimhanzi sechinhu chakanaka. Vazhinji vachiri  Vanotenda kuti muenzaniso wekusiyanisa-nhanho nhatu dzidzo yemimhanzi yakagadzirwa munyika yedu mu20s uye 30s yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri yakasiyana uye inoshanda zvikuru. Ngatiyeukei kuti muchimiro chayo chezvirongwa zvinosanganisira dzidzo yepuraimari yemimhanzi muzvikoro zvemimhanzi yevana, dzidzo yesekondari mumakoreji emimhanzi uye muzvikoro.  dzidzo yepamusorosoro yemimhanzi kumayunivhesiti uye conservatories. Muna 1935, zvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana vane tarenda zvakagadzirwawo munzvimbo dzekuchengetedza.  Pamberi pe "perestroika" muU.SR pakanga pane zvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana zvinopfuura zviuru zvishanu, zvikoro zvemimhanzi 5, zvikoro zveunyanzvi gumi, zvikoro zvemimhanzi gumi nembiri, 230 conservatories, 10 music pedagogical Institute, pamusoro pemadhipatimendi emimhanzi makumi mana pazvikoro zvedzidzo. Vazhinji vanotenda kuti simba regadziriro ino riri mukukwanisa kusanganisa musimboti wekutora chikamu kwevanhu vakawanda nehunhu hwekuremekedza kune mumwe nemumwe.  vadzidzi vanogona, vachivapa mikana yekukura kwehunyanzvi. Sekureva kwevamwe vanotungamira mimhanzi yeRussia (kunyanya, nhengo yeUnion of Composers yeRussia, mumiriri wenhoroondo yehunyanzvi, purofesa LA Kupets),  nhanho-nhanho dzidzo yemimhanzi inofanira kuchengetedzwa, yangove yakagadziridzwa chete, kunyanya nezve kuunza madhipuroma kubva kudzimba dzemimhanzi masangano zvinoenderana nezvinodiwa zvekutungamira mimhanzi yekunze nzvimbo dzedzidzo.

     Chiitiko cheAmerica chekuona makwikwi epamusoro ehunyanzvi hwemimhanzi munyika inofanirwa kutariswa zvakanyanya.

    Kutariswa kwemimhanzi muUSA kwakakura. Munharaunda dzehurumende uye munharaunda yemimhanzi yenyika ino, zvose kubudirira kwenyika uye matambudziko munyika yemimhanzi, kusanganisira mumunda wezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi, zvinokurukurwa zvakanyanya. Kukurukurirana kwakapararira kwakagadzirirwa nguva, kunyanya, kuti ienderane negore regore re "Art Advocacy Day" rinopembererwa muUnited States, iyo, semuenzaniso, yakawira muna March 2017-20 muna 21. Kumwero mukuru, kutarisa uku kunofanirwa, pa rumwe rutivi, kune chido chekuchengetedza mukurumbira weAmerican art, uye, kune rumwe rutivi, kune chido chekushandisa.  Hungwaru zviwanikwa zvemimhanzi, mimhanzi dzidzo yekuwedzera kusadzivirirwa munharaunda mukurwira kuchengetedza hutungamiriri hweAmerican tekinoroji nehupfumi munyika. Pakunzwa muUS Congress pamusoro pemabatiro ehunyanzvi nemimhanzi pahupfumi hwenyika (“The Economic and Employment Impact of the Arts and Music Industry”, Kunzwa pamberi peUS House of Representatives, Kurume 26, 2009)  kusimudzira pfungwa yekushanda zvakanyanya  Kushandisa simba rehunyanzvi kugadzirisa matambudziko enyika, mazwi anotevera eMutungamiri Obama akashandiswa:  “Unyanzvi nemimhanzi zvine basa rakakosha mukusimudzira mashandiro evashandi venyika, kusimudzira hupenyu, kusimudzira mamiriro ezvikoro.

     Muzvinabhizimusi weAmerica ane mukurumbira Henry Ford akataura nezvebasa reunhu, kukosha kwehunhu hwehunhu: “Unogona kutora mafekitari angu, mari yangu, kupisa zvivakwa zvangu, asi ndisiye vanhu vangu, uye usati wapengenuka, ndichakudzorera. zvese uye zvakare ndichave pamberi pako. ”…

      Nyanzvi zhinji dzeAmerica dzinodavira kuti kudzidza mimhanzi kunoita kuti munhu ashandise pfungwa dzake, kunovandudza unyanzvi hwake  IQ inovandudza hunyanzvi hwevanhu, fungidziro, kufunga kusinganzwisisike, uye hunyanzvi. Masayendisiti paYunivhesiti yeWisconsin akagumisa kuti vadzidzi vepiyano vanoratidza zvakakwirira  (34% yakakwirira kana ichienzaniswa nevamwe vana) basa renzvimbo idzodzo dzeuropi dzinonyanya kushandiswa nemunhu mukugadzirisa matambudziko mumunda wemasvomhu, sainzi, engineering uye tekinoroji.   

     Zvinoita sekuti muUS mimhanzi denderedzwa kutaridzika kweDK Kirnarskaya's monograph paAmerican book market yaizogamuchirwa. "Mumhanzi weClassical wemunhu wese." Chinonyanya kufarirwa nenyanzvi dzeAmerica chingave chirevo chinotevera chemunyori: "Mumhanzi wekare ... ndiye muchengeti uye mudzidzisi wekunzwa kwemweya, njere, tsika uye manzwiro ... anova akapfava, akangwara, uye pfungwa dzake dzenzira dzichawana hunyoro, hunyengeri, uye husiri hwenhando. "

     Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, mimhanzi, maererano nevanotungamira vezvematongerwo enyika veAmerica, inounza mabhenefiti makuru ehupfumi kunzanga. Chikamu chemimhanzi chenzanga yeAmerica chinozadza zvakanyanya bhajeti reUS. Saka, mabhizinesi ese nemasangano anoshanda muchikamu chetsika cheUS gore negore anowana mabhiriyoni zana nemakumi matanhatu nematanhatu emadhora, anoshandisa 166 miriyoni yekuAmerica (5,7% yehuwandu hwevanhu vanoshanda muhupfumi hweAmerica) uye vanounza mabhiriyoni makumi matatu kubhajeti renyika. Chidhori.

    Tinogona sei kuisa ukoshi hwemari paidi rokuti vadzidzi vanobatanidzwa mumapurogiramu enziyo dzechikoro vane bviro huru zvikuru yokuva vanobatanidzwa muutsotsi, kushandisa mirimo, uye kushandisa doro? Kusvika pamhedziso dzakanaka pamusoro pebasa remimhanzi munzvimbo ino  kwakauya, semuenzaniso, Texas Drug and Alcohol Commission.

     Uye pakupedzisira, masayendisiti mazhinji eAmerica ane chivimbo chekuti mimhanzi uye hunyanzvi zvinokwanisa kugadzirisa matambudziko ekupona kwepasirese kwevanhu mumamiriro matsva ebudiriro. Maererano nenyanzvi yemimhanzi yeAmerica Elliot Eisner (munyori wezvinyorwa "Zvinorehwa neNew Educational Conservatism  yeRamangwana reDzidzo yeArt", Kunzwa, Congress yeUSA, 1984), "vadzidzisi vemimhanzi chete ndivo vanoziva kuti hunyanzvi uye hunhu ndicho chinongedzo chakakosha pakati pekare neramangwana, zvichitibatsira kuchengetedza hunhu hwevanhu mu zera remagetsi nemichina” . Kutaura kwaJohn F. Kennedy pamusoro peiyi nhau kunofadza: “Unyanzvi hahusati huchitongova chimwe chinhu chechipiri muupenyu hworudzi. Iri padyo nedonzvo guru renyika, uye bvunzo yelitmus inotitendera kuti titarise huwandu hwebudiriro yayo. "

     Zvakakosha kuziva kuti Russian  yedzidzo modhi (kunyanya yakagadziridzwa sisitimu yezvikoro zvemimhanzi yevana  uye zvikoro zvevana vane tarenda)  haipindirani neruzhinji rwevatorwa  masisitimu ekusarudza nekudzidzisa vaimbi. Kunze kwenyika yedu, kunze kwezvisingawanzoitiki (Germany, China), nhanho nhatu dzekudzidzisa vaimbi dzakafanana neRussia hadzina kuitwa. Muenzaniso wemumba wedzidzo yemimhanzi unoshanda sei? Zvakawanda zvinogona kunzwisiswa nekuenzanisa ruzivo rwako nemaitiro edzimwe nyika.

     Dzidzo yemimhanzi muUSA ndeimwe yeakanakisa pasirese,  kunyange maererano nemamwe maitiro, maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, ichiri yakaderera kune yeRussia.

     Semuenzaniso, iyo yeNorth Atlantic modhi (maererano neimwe nzira yakakosha yainzi "McDonaldization"), ine kumwe kufanana kwekunze kune yedu, yakawanda.  nyore mukugadzirisa uye zvichida zvishoma  zvishoma zvinoshanda.

      Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti muUSA zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvemimhanzi (chidzidzo chimwe kana zviviri pasvondo) zvinokurudzirwa  kare mukati  chikoro chepuraimari, asi mukuita izvi hazviiti nguva dzose. Kudzidziswa kwemimhanzi hakusungirwe. Muchokwadi, zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi muzvikoro zvehurumende zveAmerica  sezvinosungirwa, tanga chete  с  giredhi rechisere, ndiko kuti, pazera remakore 13-14. Izvi, kunyange maererano neveWestern musicologists, zvakanyanyisa. Maererano nedzimwe fungidziro, chaizvoizvo, 1,3  Mamirioni evadzidzi vepuraimari havana mukana wekudzidza mimhanzi. Kupfuura 8000  Zvikoro zvehurumende muUnited States hazvipi zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi. Sezvaunoziva, mamiriro ezvinhu muRussia muchikamu ichi chedzidzo yemimhanzi zvakare haana kunaka zvakanyanya.

       Dzidzo yemimhanzi muUSA inogona kuwanikwa pa  conservatories, masangano, mayunivhesiti emimhanzi,  mumadhipatimendi emimhanzi emayunivhesiti, pamwe nemuzvikoro zvemimhanzi (makoreji), mazhinji acho  inobatanidzwa mumayunivhesiti uye masangano. Zvinofanira kujekeswa kuti zvikoro izvi / makoroji haasi analogues evana veRussia mimhanzi zvikoro.  Iyo ine mukurumbira we  Zvidzidzo zvemumhanzi zvekuAmerica Curtis Institute of Music, Julliard School, Berklee College of Music, New England Conservatory, Eastman School of Music, San Francisco Conservatory of Music nevamwe. Kune anopfuura makumi maviri maconservatories muU.SA (iro zita rekuti "conservatory" rinonyanya kuita zvemaAmericans; mamwe masangano uye kunyange makoreji anogona kudaidzwa nenzira iyi).  Mazhinji maconservatories anovakira kudzidziswa kwavo pamimhanzi yekirasi. Anenge manomwe  conservatories  kudzidza mimhanzi yemazuva ano. Mari (yedzidzo chete) pane imwe yeakakurumbira  Amayunivesiti eAmerica  Chikoro cheJulliard chinodarika  40 zviuru zvemadhora pagore. Izvi zvakapetwa kaviri kana katatu pane zvakajairika  mayunivhesiti emimhanzi muUSA. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti  kekutanga munhoroondo yeAmerica Chikoro cheJulliard  inogadzira bazi rayo kunze kweUnited States muTianjin (PRC).

     Iyo niche yezvidzidzo zvemumhanzi zvakakosha zvevana muUnited States inozadzwa zvishoma nezvikoro zvekugadzirira, zvinoshanda munenge ese makuru makuru ekuchengetedza uye "zvikoro zvemimhanzi"  USA. De jure, vana kubva pazera remakore matanhatu vanogona kudzidza muzvikoro zvekugadzirira. Pashure pokunge apedza zvidzidzo zvake paChikoro Chekugadzirira, mudzidzi anogona kupinda muyunivhesiti yemimhanzi onyorera kuti awane “Bachelor of Music Education” (inofananidzwa pamwero wezivo pashure pemakore matatu okudzidza kumayunivhesiti edu), “Master of Music Education ( zvakafanana nepurogiramu yatenzi wedu), “Chiremba Ph. D muMumhanzi” (zvisina kujeka zvinoyeuchidza nezvechikoro chedu chekupedza kudzidza).

     Zvinonzi zvinokwanisika mune ramangwana kugadzira zvikoro zvemumhanzi zvepuraimari muUnited States pahwaro hwedzidzo ye "Magnet schools" (zvikoro zvevana vane zvipo).

     Iye zvino mu  Kune 94 zviuru vadzidzisi vemimhanzi muU.SA (0,003% yehuwandu hwehuwandu hwenyika). Avhareji yemari yavo ndeye 65 zviuru zvemadhora pagore (kubva pa33 zviuru zvemadhora kusvika ku130 zviuru). Maererano nedzimwe data, muhoro wavo wepakati wakaderera zvishoma. Kana tikaverenga mibairo yemudzidzisi wemumhanzi wekuAmerica paawa yekudzidzisa, muhoro wepakati uchave $28,43 paawa.  awa.

     Chaizvoizvo  American dzidziso nzira ("McDonaldization"), kunyanya  ndiko kubatana kukuru, kugadzirwa uye kuenzanisa kwedzidzo.  Vamwe vanhu vekuRussia vanonyanya kusada  vaimbi nemasayendisiti vanokurudzirwa nechokwadi chokuti  nzira iyi inotungamirira mukudzikira kwehunyanzvi hwemudzidzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yeNorth Atlantic modhi ine zvakawanda zvakanakira.  Iyo inoshanda kwazvo uye yakanaka mhando. Inobvumira mudzidzi kuti akurumidze kuwana hunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Nenzira, muenzaniso weAmerican pragmatism uye bhizinesi inyaya yekuti  Vanhu vekuAmerica vakakwanisa kumisikidza mimhanzi yekurapa hurongwa munguva pfupi uye kuwedzera nhamba yevarapi vemimhanzi muUnited States kusvika ku7 zviuru.

      Pamusoro pemaitiro adudzwa pamusoro ekuderera kwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira uye matambudziko ari kukura nedzidzo yemimhanzi muzvikoro zvesekondari, nzanga yemimhanzi yekuAmerica inonetsekana nekudzikiswa kwemari yebhajeti yeboka redzidzo yemimhanzi. Vanhu vakawanda vari kutyira kuti hurumende dzemunyika nepakati penyika hadzisi kunyatsonzwisisa kukosha kwekudzidzisa vechidiki vekuAmerica munyaya dzemitambo nemimhanzi. Dambudziko rekusarudza, kudzidziswa kwevadzidzisi, uye kutendeuka kwevashandi zvakare rakakura. Mamwe ematambudziko aya akagadziriswa naProfessor Paul R. Layman, Dean weChikoro cheMimhanzi paYunivhesiti yeMichigan, mumushumo wavo pakunzwa kweUS Congress pamberi peSubcommittee on Elementary, Secondary and Vocational Education.

      Kubva ku80s yezana ramakore rapfuura, nyaya yekuvandudza hurongwa hwenyika hwekudzidzisa vashandi vemimhanzi yave yakaoma muUnited States. Muna 1967, yekutanga Tanglewood Symposium yakagadzira kurudziro pamusoro penzira yekuvandudza kushanda kwedzidzo yemimhanzi. Zvirongwa zvekuvandudza munharaunda iyi zvakarongwa  on  40 makore nguva. Muna 2007, mushure menguva iyi, musangano wechipiri wevadzidzisi vemimhanzi vanozivikanwa, vatambi, masayendisiti uye nyanzvi. Hurukuro itsva yekusiirana, “Tanglewood II: Charting for the Ramangwana,” yakagamuchira chiziviso pamusoro penzira huru dzekuvandudzwa kwedzidzo kwemakore makumi mana anotevera.

       Musangano wesainzi wakaitwa muna 1999  "Iyo Housewright Symposium/Vision 2020", pakaedza kuvandudza nzira dzekudzidzisa mimhanzi kwemakore makumi maviri. Chiziviso chinowirirana chakagamuchirwa.

      Kuti tikurukure nyaya dzine chokuita nedzidzo yemimhanzi muzvikoro zvepuraimari nesekondari muUnited States, sangano rose reAmerica "The Music Education Policy Roundtable" rakagadzirwa muna 2012. Masangano emimhanzi ekuAmerica anotevera anobatsira:  American  String Teachers Association, International Society for Music Education, International Society for Philosophy of Music Education, National Association for Music Education, Music Teachers National Association.

      Muna 1994, mitemo yenyika yedzidzo yemimhanzi yakagamuchirwa (uye yakawedzerwa muna 2014). Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira izvozvo  mipimo inotaridzwa mune yakajairika fomu. Pamusoro pezvo, zviyero izvi zvakatenderwa chete nechikamu chenyika, nekuda kwekuti ivo vane mwero wepamusoro wekuzvimiririra mukuita sarudzo dzakadaro. Dzimwe nyika dzakagadzira mipimo yadzo, nepo dzimwe hadzina kutsigira chirongwa ichi zvachose. Izvi zvinosimbisa pfungwa yekuti muAmerican dzidzo system, ibazi rakazvimiririra, kwete Dhipatimendi reDzidzo, rinoisa zviyero zvedzidzo yemimhanzi.

      Kubva kuU.SA tichaenda kuEurope, kuRussia. European Bologna Reform (inonzwisiswa senzira yekuwiriranisa masisitimu edzidzo  nyika dzeEuropean Community), dzatora matanho ekutanga munyika yedu muna 2003, dzakamira. Akatarisana nekurambwa kubva kuchikamu chakakosha chenharaunda yemimhanzi yemumba. Kuedza kwakasiyana zvakanyanya  kubva kumusoro, pasina hurukuro yakafara,  gadzirisa huwandu hwemasangano emimhanzi uye vadzidzisi vemimhanzi muRussian Federation.

     Kusvika ikozvino, iyo Bolognese system iripo munharaunda yedu yemimhanzi munzvimbo inenge yakarara. Mamiriro ayo akanaka (kuenzaniswa kwemazinga ehunyanzvi ekudzidziswa, kufamba kwevadzidzi nevadzidzisi,  kubatanidzwa kwezvinodiwa kuvadzidzi, nezvimwewo) zvinoiswa kunze, sezvinotenda vazhinji, nemodular dzidzo masisitimu uye "kusakwana" kwehurongwa hwemadhigirii esainzi anopihwa zvichienderana nemhedzisiro yekudzidziswa. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinofunga kuti, pasinei nekufambira mberi kukuru, hurongwa hwekucherechedzwa kwezvitupa zvedzidzo hunoramba husina kugadzirwa.  Izvi "kusawirirana" zvakanyanya kuoma  inonzwisiswa nenyika dziri kunze kweEuropean Community, pamwe nenyika dzakakwikwidza kuti dzipinde muBologna system. Nyika dzichabatana nehurongwa uhu dzichasangana nebasa rakaoma rekuenzanisa makosi adzo. Vachafanirwawo kugadzirisa dambudziko rinomuka nekuda kwekuitwa kwehurongwa uhu  kuderera pakati pevadzidzi  nhanho yekufunga kwekuongorora, maitiro ekutsoropodza kune  zvinhu zvekudzidzisa.

     Kuti unzwisise zvakanyanya dambudziko reBolonization yeimba yekudzidzira mimhanzi, zvinokurudzirwa kutendeukira kumabasa emukurumbira musicologist, pianist, purofesa.  KV Zenkin, nedzimwe nyanzvi dzehunyanzvi.

     Pane imwe nhanho zvingave zvichikwanisika (nekumwe kusarudzika) kuenda kuEuropean Community, ine shungu nepfungwa yekubatanidza masisitimu edzidzo yemimhanzi muEurope, nedanho rekuwedzera nzvimbo yepfungwa iyi, kutanga kuEurasian, uye pakupedzisira kusvika kumakero epasi rose.

      MuGreat Britain, sarudzo yekudzidzisa vaimbi yakadzika midzi. Vadzidzisi vezvikoro zvakazvimiririra vane mukurumbira. Pane diki  zvikoro zvinoverengeka zvevana zvemumhanzi weMugovera uye zvikoro zvakati wandei zvemumhanzi zvemhando yepamusoro zvakaita sePurcell Chikoro, pasi perutsigiro rweMuchinda weWales. Iyo yepamusoro-soro yedzidzo yemimhanzi muEngland, semunyika zhinji dzepasi, ine zvakawanda zvakafanana muchimiro uye chimiro. Misiyano inoenderana nemhando yekudzidzisa, nzira, mafomu  kudzidziswa, nhanho yekombuta, masisitimu ekukurudzira mudzidzi, dhigirii rekutonga uye kuongorora kwemudzidzi wega wega, nezvimwe. 

      Munyaya dzedzidzo yemimhanzi, Germany inomira yakati siyanei nenyika zhinji dzekuMadokero neruzivo rwayo rwakapfuma mudzidzo yemimhanzi. Nenzira, maitiro eGermany neRussia ane zvakawanda zvakafanana. Sezvinozivikanwa, muXIX  zana remakore, takakwereta zvakawanda kubva kuchikoro chemimhanzi cheGermany.

     Parizvino, kune network yakakura yezvikoro zvemimhanzi muGermany. IN  Pakutanga kwezana ramakore re980, nhamba yavo yakawedzera kusvika XNUMX (sekuenzanisa, muRussia kune zviuru zvitanhatu zvezvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana). Nhamba huru yadzo inobhadharwa veruzhinji (nyika) masangano anotungamirwa nevakuru veguta nehurumende dzenzvimbo. Dzidzo yavo uye maumbirwo avo zvinonyatsogadziriswa. Kutora chikamu chehurumende mukutarisira kwavo kushoma uye kunofananidzira. Anenge  zviuru makumi matatu neshanu vadzidzisi vezvikoro izvi vanodzidzisa vanenge zviuru mazana mapfumbamwe evadzidzi (muRussian Federation, mudzidzo yepamusoro yehunyanzvi, mitemo inogadza reshiyo yevashandi vekudzidzisa kune nhamba yevadzidzi se35 kusvika ku900). MuGermany  Kune zvakare zvakazvimiririra (zvinopfuura mazana matatu) uye zvekutengesa mimhanzi zvikoro. Muzvikoro zvemumhanzi zveGerman mune nhanho ina dzedzidzo: yepuraimari (kubva pamakore 300-4), yakaderera yepakati, yepakati uye yepamusoro (yepamusoro - yemahara). Mune mumwe nomumwe wavo, kurovedza kunotora makore 6-2. Dzidzo yemimhanzi yakawanda kana shoma inodhura vabereki vangangoita 4-30 zviuru zveeuro.

     Kana zviri zvezvikoro zvakajairika zvegirama (Gymnasium) uye zvikoro zvedzidzo zvakajairika (Gesamtschule), kosi yemimhanzi (mudzidzi anogona kusarudza kudzidza mimhanzi kana kugona hunyanzvi hwekuona)  kana theatre arts) ndeye 2-3 maawa pasvondo. Kosi yemhanzi inosarudzika, yakanyanya kusimba inopa makirasi kwemaawa mashanu-5 pasvondo.  Iyo curriculum inosanganisira kugona general music theory, musical notation,  nheyo dzekunzwanana. Zvinenge zvese gymnasium uye sekondari  Izvo zvine  hofisi ine midziyo yekuteerera nemavhidhiyo (mudzidzisi wega wega wechishanu wemimhanzi muGermany anodzidziswa kushanda neMIDI michina). Pane zviridzwa zvakawanda. Kudzidzira kunowanzoitwa mumapoka evanhu vashanu, mumwe nomumwe  nechiridzwa chako. Kusikwa kwemaokestra madiki kunoitwa.

      Zvakakosha kuziva kuti zvikoro zvemumhanzi zveGerman (kunze kwevoruzhinji) hazvina yunifomu yedzidzo.

     Iyo yepamusoro yepamusoro yedzidzo (conservatories, mayunivhesiti) inopa kudzidziswa kwemakore 4-5.  Makunivhesiti anoshanda mu  kudzidziswa kwevadzidzisi vemimhanzi, conservatory - vatambi, conductors. Vakapedza kudzidza vanodzivirira thesis yavo (kana dissertation) uye vanogashira dhigirii ra master. Mune ramangwana, zvinokwanisika kudzivirira dissertation yechiremba. Kune gumi nenomwe masangano emimhanzi epamusoro muGermany, anosanganisira mana conservatories uye gumi nenhatu zvikoro zvepamusoro zvakaenzana nazvo (tisingaverenge hunyanzvi hwekuita nemadhipatimendi kumayunivhesiti).

       Vadzidzisi vakazvimiririra vari kudiwawo muGermany. Maererano nesangano reGermany revashandi vevadzidzisi vakazvimiririra, nhamba yevadzidzisi vemimhanzi vakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo chete inodarika zviuru zvitanhatu zvevanhu.

     Chinhu chakasiyana chemayunivhesiti emumhanzi weGerman idhigirii repamusoro rekuzvimiririra uye kuzvimiririra kwevadzidzi. Ivo vakazvimiririra vanogadzira yavo yedzidzo, vanosarudza kuti ndedzipi hurukuro nemasemina ekupinda (kwete zvishoma, uye pamwe rusununguko rwakanyanya pakusarudza nzira dzekudzidzisa, maitiro ekuongorora maitiro, kudhirowa.  Thematic curriculum inosiyana nedzidzo yemimhanzi muAustralia). MuGermany, nguva huru yekudzidzisa inoshandiswa pazvidzidzo zvega nemudzidzisi. Zvakanyanya kusimukira  dariro uye tsika yekushanyira. Kune anenge 150 asiri enyanzvi orchestra munyika. Mitambo yevaimbi mumachechi yakakurumbira.

     Vakuru veGerman arts vanokurudzira kutarisisa, kuvandudzwa kwekuvandudza mumhanzi uye dzidzo yemimhanzi. Somuenzaniso, vakaita zvakanaka  kune pfungwa yekuvhura Institute for the Support uye Chidzidzo cheMusical Talents paYunivhesiti yePaterborn.

     Zvakakosha kusimbisa kuti muGermany kuedza kwakawanda kunoiswa mukuchengetedza huwandu hwepamusoro-soro hwekugona kuverenga kwemimhanzi yevanhu.

       Ngatidzokere kuRussia system yemimhanzi  dzidzo. Zvichienderana nekutsoropodzwa kwakanyanya, asi kusvika parizvino mimhanzi yemumba inoramba yakasimba  vospitania  uye dzidzo.  Iyi sisitimu ine chinangwa chekugadzirira muimbi zvese senyanzvi uye seane tsika zvikuru  munhu akarerwa pazvinangwa zvehumanism uye kushandira nyika yake.

      Iyi sisitimu yakavakirwa pane zvimwe zvinhu zveGerman modhi yekudzidzisa hunhu uye hunhu hunobatsira hwemunhu, akakweretwa neRussia muzana ramakore rechi19, iyo muGermany yainzi Bildung (kuumbwa, kuvhenekerwa). Kubva mukati  Muzana ramakore rechi 18, iyi gadziriro yedzidzo yakava hwaro hwekumutsiridza tsika dzemweya dzeGermany.  “Koniti,” mubatanidzwa wavanhu vakadaro vetsika, mukuwirirana nenyanzvi dzemifungo dzegadziriro yeGermany, “inokwanisa kusika.  nyika ine utano, yakasimba, nyika.”

     Chiitiko chekugadzira hurongwa hwedzidzo yemimhanzi yatova mu20s yezana remakore rechimakumi maviri, yakakurudzirwa neanopokana munyori weAustria, inofanirwa kutarisirwa.  mudzidzisi Carl Orff.  Zvichienderana neruzivo rwake rwekushanda nevana muchikoro cheGünterschule chejimunasitikisi, mimhanzi nekutamba, chaakasika, Orff akadana kukudziridza kugona kwekugadzira muvana vese pasina kunze uye kuvadzidzisa.  neunyanzvi swedera pamhinduro yechero basa uye dambudziko munzvimbo dzese dzechiitwa chevanhu. Izvi zvinopindirana sei nemafungiro emudzidzisi wedu wemimhanzi ane mukurumbira AD  Artobolevskaya! Mukirasi yake yemimhanzi makanga musina kumbosiya vadzidzi. Uye chinangwa hachisi chekuti aida vadzidzi vake nekuremekedza ("pedagogy, sezvaaiwanzotaura, nde--  hypertrophied motherhood"). Kwaari, pakanga pasina vana vasina tarenda. Dzidziso yake - "pedagogy yemigumisiro yenguva refu" - inoumba kwete chete muimbi, kwete chete munhu, asiwo nzanga ...  И  Munhu angasayeuka sei mashoko aAristotle okuti kudzidzisa mimhanzi “kunofanira kuva nezvinangwa zverunako, zvetsika uye zvepfungwa?  pamwe ne "kuwiriranisa hukama pakati pemunhu nenzanga."

     Zvakare zvinonakidza  ruzivo rwesainzi uye rwekudzidzisa rwevaimbi vane mukurumbira BL Yavorsky (dzidziso yekufunga kwemumhanzi, pfungwa yekushamwaridzana yekufunga kwevadzidzi)  и  BV Asafieva  (kukudziridza kufarira uye kuda unyanzvi hwemimhanzi).

     Mafungiro emagariro evanhu, tsika, zvekunamata uye tsika dzevadzidzi dzinoonekwa nevaimbi vakawanda veRussia uye vadzidzisi sechikamu chakakosha chekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi yeRussia uye unyanzvi. Mudzidzisi wenziyo G. Neuhaus akati: “Mukudzidzisa muridzi wepiyano, nhevedzano youkuru yemabasa yakaita seiyi: wokutanga munhu, wechipiri muimbi, wechitatu muimbi, uye wechina bedzi mutambi wepiyano.”

     RџS•Rё  Kana uchifunga nezvenyaya dzine chekuita nekugadzirisa mimhanzi yedzidzo muRussia, munhu haagone kubatsira asi kubata pane iyo nyaya  pakuchengetedza kuzvipira kumisimboti yekugona mudzidzo mu  kudzidziswa kwevaimbi. Nekumwe kusahadzika, zvinogona kutaurwa kuti mimhanzi yedu yedzidzo haina kurasikirwa netsika dzedzidzo mumakumi emakore apfuura. Zvinoita sekuti, kazhinji, takakwanisa kusarasikirwa nekugona kuunganidzwa kwemazana emakore uye nguva-yakaedzwa, uye kuchengetedza kuomerera kutsika dzechinyakare uye tsika.  Uye, pekupedzisira, kugona kwehungwaru kwenyika kwese kwakachengetedzwa kuzadzisa chinangwa chayo chetsika kuburikidza nemimhanzi. Ndinoda kutenda kuti iyo heuristic chikamu chedzidzo yedzidzo icharamba ichikura. 

     Academicism uye chimiro chakakosha chedzidzo yemimhanzi, sezvakaratidzwa nemaitiro, yakave mushonga wakanaka wekudzivirira husimbe, usina kuongororwa.  kuendesa kuvhu redu zvimwe  Mhando dzekuMadokero dzedzidzo yemimhanzi.

     Zvinoita sekuti mune zvido zvekumisa tsika  kushamwaridzana nenyika dzekunze, kuchinjana ruzivo pakudzidzisa vaimbi, zvingava zvakanaka kuti ugadzire mimhanzi midiki-makirasi pakuedza, semuenzaniso, kumahofisi eUnited States neGermany muMoscow (kana mune imwe nzira). Vadzidzisi vemimhanzi vakakokwa kubva kunyika idzi vanogona kuratidza mabhenefiti  American, German uye kazhinji  Bologna dzidzo masisitimu. Pachava nemikana yokuzivana zviri nani  nedzimwe nzira dzekunze (uye dudziro dzadzo) dzekudzidzisa mimhanzi (mitoo  Dalcroze,  Kodaya, Carla Orfa, Suzuki, O'Connor,  Dzidziso yaGordon yekudzidza mimhanzi, "conversational solfege", chirongwa che "Simply music", nzira yaM. Karabo-Kone nevamwe). Yakarongeka, semuenzaniso, "zororo / zvidzidzo" zvevadzidzi veRussia uye kunze kwenyika mimhanzi zvikoro - shamwari, kunzvimbo dzedu dzekumaodzanyemba dzinogona kubatsira kumimhanzi nevana. Rudzi urwu rwehukama hwetsika dzepasirese, mukuwedzera kune zvakanakira kudzidza ruzivo rwekunze (uye kusimudzira yako), inogadzira nzira dzisiri dzezvematongerwo enyika dzekubatana dzinogona kubatsira.   kubatsira mukusagadzikana uye kusimudzira hukama pakati peRussia  nenyika dzekuMadokero.

     Kuzvipira kwechikamu chikuru cheRussia mimhanzi kugadzwa kune misimboti yekukosha kwedzidzo yemimhanzi munguva yepakati kunogona kuita basa rekuchengetedza remimhanzi yeRussia. Ichokwadi ndechokuti mumakore 10-15 kuparara kwevanhu kunogona kuitika munyika yedu. Kuwanda kwevadiki vekuRussia muhupfumi hwenyika, sainzi nehunyanzvi zvichadzikira zvakanyanya. Zvinoenderana nefungidziro dzisina tariro, panosvika gore ra2030 huwandu hwevakomana nevasikana vane makore 5-7 huchadzikira neinosvika makumi mana muzana kana zvichienzaniswa nenguva yazvino. Zvikoro zvemumhanzi zvevana zvichave zvekutanga muzvidzidzo zvemimhanzi kusangana nedambudziko iri. Mushure menguva pfupi yenguva, mafungu ehuwandu hwevanhu "kutadza" kuchasvika pamazinga epamusoro ehurongwa hwedzidzo. Ichiri kurasikirwa muhuwandu, chikoro chemimhanzi cheRussia chinogona uye chinofanira kubhadhara izvi nekuvaka kugona kwayo uye.  unyanzvi hwemuimbi wese wechidiki.  Zvichida,   Kungotevera tsika dzedzidzo yedzidzo, ini ndinoshandisa simba rakazara remumhanzi cluster yenyika yedu  Iwe unogona kuvandudza sisitimu yekutsvaga madhaimani emimhanzi uye nekuashandura kuita madhaimani.

     Conceptual (kana pamwe  uye inoshanda) ruzivo rwekutarisira maitiro ehuwandu munzvimbo yemimhanzi inogona kuva  inobatsira pakugadzirisa matambudziko akafanana mune ruzivo-yakadzika, zvikamu zvitsva zvehupfumi hwenyika yeRussia.

     Hunhu hwekugadzirira  muzvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana zvinogona kuwedzerwa, kusanganisira nekuita zvidzidzo zvakavhurika zvevadzidzi vakasarudzika vezvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana, semuenzaniso, kuRussia Academy.  mimhanzi yakatumidzwa zita reGnessins. Zvingave zvinobatsira zvikuru apo neapo  kutora chikamu kwemimhanzi mapurofesa emayunivhesiti mukudzidziswa kwevadiki vaimbi. Semaonero edu, mamwe mazano angave anobatsira angavewo  anopiwa muchikamu chokupedzisira chechinyorwa chino.

     Kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu muhurongwa hwedzidzo yeRussia, tinofanira kucherechedza nekuzvidemba  chokwadi chekuti mumakore makumi maviri nemashanu apfuura  matambudziko matsva nemabasa ekugadzirisa akawedzerwa kune zvakapfuura. Vakasimuka panguva ino yeshanduko kubva kuhupfumi hwakarongwa kuenda kuhupfumi hwemusika semhedzisiro yedambudziko renguva refu.  hupfumi uye hukuru hwezvematongerwo enyika hwenyika yedu,  uye vaiva   kuwedzeredzwa nekuparadzaniswa kwepasi rose kweRussia kune chikamu chekutungamira nyika dzekuMadokero. Matambudziko akadai anosanganisira  kuderedzwa kwemari yezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi, matambudziko nekugadzira-kuzviziva uye  kushandiswa kwevaimbi, kuwedzera kuneta munzanga, kusakendenga,  kurasikirwa kwechido  nevamwewo.

     Uye zvakadaro, yedu  nhaka yemumhanzi, ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana mukurima matarenda runotibvumira kukwikwidza mukurudziro munyika  kukunda mumhanzi "iron curtain". Uye iyi haisi kungoita mvura yematarenda eRussia  mudenga rekumadokero. Dzidziso dzemudzimba dzemumhanzi dziri kuita mukurumbira mune dzimwe nyika dzeAsia, kunyangwe muSoutheast Asia, uko kusvika nguva pfupi yadarika chero kupinda kwedu, kunyangwe tsika, kwakadziviswa nemauto-zvematongerwo enyika blocs SEATO uye CENTO.

         Chiitiko cheChinese chekuvandudza chinofanirwa kutariswa. Iyo inoratidzirwa nekunyatso kufungidzirwa shanduko, kudzidza kune dzimwe nyika, kusanganisira chiRussian, ruzivo, kutonga kwakasimba pamusoro pekuita kwezvirongwa, uye matanho ekugadzirisa nekuvandudza shanduko dzakatangwa.

       Kuedza kwakawanda kunoiswa  kuitira kuchengetedza, sezvinobvira, nzvimbo yakasiyana yetsika yakaumbwa nebudiriro yekare yeChina.

     Pfungwa yeChinese yedzidzo yemimhanzi uye yekunaka yaive yakavakirwa pane pfungwa dzaConfucius nezve kuvaka tsika yenyika, kuvandudza munhu, kupfumisa pamweya, uye kusimudzira hunhu. Zvinangwa zvekukudziridza chinzvimbo chehupenyu hunoshanda, kuda nyika yako, kutevera tsika dzemaitiro, uye kugona kuona uye kuda runako rwenyika yakatitenderedza zvinoziviswa.

     Nenzira, uchishandisa muenzaniso wekusimudzirwa kwetsika dzeChinese, munhu anogona, nekumwe kusachengeteka, kuongorora huchenjeri hwepasirese (kazhinji, zviri pamutemo) weanozivikanwa economist weAmerica Milton Friedman uyo "nyika dzakapfuma chete dzinokwanisa kuchengetedza. tsika dzakasimukira.”

     Reform of the music education system  muPRC yakatanga pakati pe80s mushure mekunge zvave pachena kuti chirongwa chekuchinja kwenyika kune hupfumi hwemusika, chakaumbwa nemukuru weChinese shanduko Deng Xiaoping, chaive chaitwa kazhinji.

     Kare kumashure muna 1979, pamusangano wepamusoro mimhanzi uye dzidziso dzemasangano muChina  kwakasarudzwa kutanga gadziriro dzekuvandudza. Muna 1980, "Chirongwa cheKudzidziswa kweVadzidzisi veMumhanzi kuMasangano Epamusoro Edzidzo" chakagadzirwa (ikozvino, kune vangangoita zviuru mazana maviri nemakumi mapfumbamwe nemana vadzidzisi vemimhanzi muzvikoro zveChinese, kusanganisira zviuru zana nemakumi manomwe nenomwe muzvikoro zvepuraimari, zviuru makumi masere nenomwe muzvikoro zvesekondari uye zviuru makumi maviri nezvinomwe. muzvikoro zvepamusoro zvesekondari). Panguva imwecheteyo, chisarudzo chakagamuchirwa pamusoro pekugadzirira uye kubudiswa kwemabhuku ekudzidzisa (mudzimba uye akashandurwa kune dzimwe nyika), kusanganisira panyaya dzemimhanzi yekudzidzisa dzidzo. Munguva pfupi, tsvakurudzo yezvidzidzo yakagadzirirwa uye yakadhindwa pamusoro pemisoro inoti "The Concept of Music Education" (munyori Cao Li), "Kuumbwa kweMimhanzi.  dzidzo" (Liao Jiahua), "Aesthetic dzidzo mune ramangwana" (Wang Yuequan),  "Sumo kune Kune dzimwe nyika Sayenzi yeMumhanzi Dzidzo" (Wang Qinghua), "Dzidzo yeMumhanzi uye Pedagogy" (Yu Wenwu). Muna 1986, musangano mukuru weChina yose wedzidzo yemimhanzi wakaitwa. Masangano ane chekuita nenyaya dzedzidzo yemimhanzi akavakwa pachine nguva, kusanganisira Music Education Research Council, Musicians Association for Music Education, Committee on Music Education, etc.

     Nechekare panguva yekuvandudzwa, matanho akatorwa kuti aongorore kurongeka kwekosi yakasarudzwa uye kuigadzirisa. Saka, muna 2004-2009 chete muChina  misangano ina inomiririra uye semina pamusoro pedzidzo yemimhanzi yakaitwa, kusanganisira matatu  International.

     Hurongwa hwechikoro hweChinese hwataurwa pamusoro hunotaura izvozvo  Muchikoro chepuraimari, kubva pagiredhi rekutanga kusvika rechina, zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvinoitwa kaviri pasvondo, kubva pagiredhi rechishanu - kamwe chete pasvondo. Makirasi anodzidzisa kuimba, kugona kuteerera mimhanzi,  kuridza zviridzwa zvemumhanzi (piano, violin, nyere, saxophone, zviridzwa zvinoridzwa), kudzidza nziyo notation. Dzidzo yechikoro inowedzerwa nemakirabhu emimhanzi mudzimba dzemapiyona, nzvimbo dzetsika uye mamwe masangano ekuwedzera dzidzo.

     Kune zvikoro zvakawanda zvemimhanzi zvevana zvakazvimiririra uye makosi muChina.  Pane hurongwa hwakareruka hwekuvavhura. Zvakakwana kuva nedzidzo yepamusoro yemimhanzi uye kuwana rezinesi rekuita zvekudzidzisa mimhanzi zviitiko. Komiti yebvunzo muzvikoro zvakadai inoumbwa  nekubatanidzwa kwevamiririri vezvimwe zvikoro zvemimhanzi. Kusiyana neyedu, zvikoro zvemumhanzi zvevana vechiChinese zvinokwezva  mapurofesa nevadzidzisi kubva kuconservatories uye pedagogical mayunivhesiti. Izvi, semuenzaniso,  Jilin Institute of Arts Vana Art School uye Liu Shikun Children's Center.

     Zvikoro zvemimhanzi zvinogamuchira vana vane makore matanhatu uye kunyange makore mashanu (muzvikoro zvakajairika zveChinese, dzidzo inotanga pazera remakore matanhatu).

     Kune mamwe mayunivhesiti echiChinese (conservatories, ikozvino kune masere awo)  Kune zvikoro zvemumhanzi zvepuraimari nesekondari zvekudzidzisa kwakadzama kwevana vane zvipo - izvo zvinodaidzwa kuti zvikoro zvedanho rekutanga nerechipiri.  Vakomana nevasikana vanosarudzwa kuti vadzidze ikoko vachiri nemakore mashanu kana matanhatu. Makwikwi ekubvumidzwa kuzvikoro zvemimhanzi akakura, kubvira  Izvi -  nzira yakavimbika yekuva muimbi ane hunyanzvi. Pakubvumirwa, kwete chete kugona kwemimhanzi (kunzwa, ndangariro, mutinhimira), asiwo kushanda nesimba uye kushanda nesimba kunoongororwa -  hunhu hwakasimudzirwa zvakanyanya pakati peChinese.

     Sezvakataurwa pamusoro apa, chiyero chemidziyo yemasangano emimhanzi ane tekinoroji nzira uye makomputa muChina ndeimwe yepamusoro pasirese.

                                                          ZAKLU CHE NIE

     Kuona zvimwe zvakakosha zvitsva mu  Dzidzo yemimhanzi yeRussia, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti shanduko yehurongwa munzvimbo ino, kazhinji, haisati yaitika. Kupomera vashanduri vedu kana kuvatenda nekuchengetedza hurongwa hunokosha?  Nguva ichapa mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzemumba dzinofunga kuti chimwe chinhu chinoshanda zvinobudirira hachifanirwe kushandurwa zvachose (chinhu chikuru ndechekuchengetedza nhaka yetsika uye kusarasikirwa nemhando yepamusoro yevaimbi). Kubva pakuona kwavo, hazvisi nyore kuti mudzidzisi waVan Cliburn aiva muimbi weRussia uyo akadzidza munyika yedu. Vatsigiri vematanho akasimba vanoenderera kubva kune diametrically inopikisa postulates.  Kubva pamaonero avo, panodiwa kuvandudzwa, asi hazvisati zvatombotanga. Zvatinoona angori zvizoro.

      Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti  kungwarira kwakanyanya mukugadzirisa  zvimwe zvakakosha zvakakosha zvedzidzo yemimhanzi, zvakare  Kuregeredza uye kuregeredza zvinodikanwa zvenyika kunoisa njodzi yekusarira shure. Panguva imwecheteyo, nzira inonzwisisika yekugadzirisa matambudziko atinosangana nawo  oberegaet  (sezvo wekutanga weItaly Conservatory akamboita) chii  magariro edu anokoshesa.

     Vatasvi vemabhiza vanoedza shanduko muma90s ne  masirogani akanyanya ekuchinja uye "saber yakadhonzwa" (musiyano unoshamisa kubva ku "Kabalevsky reform"!)  dzakatsiviwa pakutanga kwezana rino remakore nematanho akanyanya kungwarira anoenderana kune izvo chaizvo zvinangwa zvakafanana. Zvinodiwa zviri kugadzirwa  kuwiriranisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekuchinja, kuwana mhinduro dzakabatana uye dzakabvumiranwa, kuve nechokwadi chekuenderera kwenhoroondo,  kuvandudzwa kwemaitiro edzidzo akasiyana.

    Migumisiro yebasa rakawanda riri kuitwa muRussian Federation kugadzirisa mimhanzi  masumbu kuzvinhu zvitsva, semaonero edu, haana kuziviswa zvizere kunharaunda yemimhanzi yenyika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, havasi vese mapato vanofarira - vaimbi, vadzidzisi, vadzidzi -  fungidziro yakazara, yakaoma kunzwisisa inobuda  nezve zvinangwa, mafomu, nzira uye nguva yekuenderera mberi shanduko yedzidzo yemimhanzi, uye zvakanyanya kukosha - nezve vector yayo…  The puzzle haina kukwana.

    Kubva pakuongororwa kwematanho anoshanda munharaunda iyi, tinogona, nekumwe kusagutsikana, kugumisa izvozvo  zvakawanda zvichiri kuda kuitika. Necessary  Kwete chete  endererai mberi nezvatangwa, asiwo tsvaga mikana mitsva yekuvandudza mashandiro aripo.

      Iwo makuru, semaonero edu,  mazano ekugadzirisa mune ramangwana rinoonekwa  zvinogona kuva zvinotevera:

   1. Kunatswa kwakavakirwa pahupamhi  ruzhinji rwevanhu  hurukuro yepfungwa uye chirongwa  kuenderera mberi kwekudzidziswa kwemimhanzi kwenguva yepakati uye yakareba, tichifunga nezveruzivo rwekune dzimwe nyika rwepamusoro.  Zvingava zvakanaka kufunga nezvazvo  zvinodikanwa uye zvine musoro zvemimhanzi pachayo, nzwisisa maitiro ekuzvikodzera muhukama hwemusika.

     Zvichida zvine musoro kuwedzera chiyero chehungwaru, sainzi uye tsigiro yekuongorora yezvidzidzo zvedzidziso uye zvinoshanda zvekuchinja, kusanganisira kuburikidza nekuitwa kwakakodzera.  misangano yepasi rose. Vanogona kurongeka, semuenzaniso, muValdai, pamwe nePRC (ndakashamiswa nekumhanya, kuoma uye kujekesa kwekugadzirisa), USA (muenzaniso wekare weWestern innovation)  kana muItari (chido chekugadzirisa hurongwa hwedzidzo chakakura kwazvo, sezvo shanduko yemimhanzi yeRoma iri imwe yeisingabereki uye inononoka).  Kuvandudza hurongwa hwekutarisa maonero uye kuongororwa kwevamiririri  mazinga ese enharaunda yemimhanzi pakuvandudza dzidzo yemimhanzi.

      Basa rakatokura kudarika kare mukuvandudza hurongwa hwedzidzo  Vakuru vemimhanzi yenyika, masangano eruzhinji, Union of Composers, kugona kwekuongorora kweconservatories, zvikoro zvemimhanzi uye zvikoro, pamwe nehushumiri hweRussia hwakakodzera uye madhipatimendi anodanwa kuti atambe,  Council pasi peMutungamiriri weRussian Federation yeTsika neArt, Center for the Economics of Continuing Education of the Russian Academy of Economy and State University,  National Council for Contemporary Music Education, Scientific Council paNhoroondo yeMumhanzi Dzidzo  nevamwe. Kuita democratise nzira yekuvandudza  zvinobatsira kugadzira  Russian  Sangano reVaimbi panyaya dzekuvandudzwa kwedzidzo yemimhanzi (pamwe neiyo ichangoburwa Scientific Council pamatambudziko edzidzo yemimhanzi).

   2. Tsvaga mikana yekutsigira mari shanduko muchikamu chemimhanzi muhupfumi hwemusika. Chiitiko cheChinese chekukwezva vatambi vasiri vehurumende chinogona kubatsira pano.  matsime emari.  Uye, hongu, isu hatigone kuita pasina ruzivo rwakapfuma rwenyika inotungamira capitalist: United States. Pakupedzisira, hatisati tasarudza kuti imarii yatingavimba nerubatsiro rwemari kubva kunheyo dzekubatsira uye zvipo zvepachivande. Uye mari kubva kubhajeti rehurumende inogona kudzikiswa kusvika papi?

     Chiitiko cheAmerica chakaratidza kuti panguva yedambudziko ra2007-2008, chikamu chemimhanzi cheUS chakatambura zvakanyanya kupfuura vazhinji.  zvimwe zvikamu zvehupfumi (uye izvi zvisinei nekuti Mutungamiri Obama vakagovera imwe nguva madhora makumi mashanu emamiriyoni kuchengetedza mabasa mu.  munda we art). Uye zvakadaro, kushaikwa kwemabasa pakati pevanyori kwakakura zvakapetwa kaviri sehupfumi hwese. Muna 2008, 129 zviuru maartist akarasikirwa nemabasa muUnited States. Nevasina kudzingwa basa  vakawana matambudziko akakura, sezvo vaitambira mari shoma nekuda kwekudzikiswa kwezvirongwa zvekutaura. Semuyenzaniso, mihoro yevaimbi yeimwe yakanakisa orchestra yekuAmerica pasi rose, Cincinnati Symphony, yakadzikira ne2006% muna 11, uye Baltimore Opera Company yakamanikidzwa kutanga nyaya dzekubhuroka. PaBroadway, vamwe vaimbi vakatambura sezvo mimhanzi mhenyu yakatsiviwa nemimhanzi yakarekodhwa.

       Chimwe chezvikonzero zvemamiriro ezvinhu asina kunaka akadaro muUnited States nekupihwa mari kwezvimiro zvemimhanzi kwave kuderera kukuru kwechikamu chehurumende masosi emari mumakumi emakore apfuura: kubva ku50% yehuwandu hwemari yakagamuchirwa mumimhanzi. chikamu kusvika ku10% parizvino. Iyo yakavanzika philanthropic sosi yekudyara, iyo yakatambura panguva yedambudziko, yakagara ichiverengera makumi mana muzana emajekiseni emari ese. Kubva pakatanga dambudziko  Zvinhu zvenheyo dzekubatsira zvakadonha ne20-45% munguva pfupi. Kana ari edu pachedu emarisiti emari (kunyanya kubva pakutengeswa kwematikiti uye kushambadzira), mugove waro dambudziko risati rasvika raive 50%, nekuda kwekuderedzwa kwezvinodiwa nevatengi.  naivowo vakaderera zvikuru.  Bruce Ridge, sachigaro weInternational Conference of Symphony and Opera Musicians, uye vazhinji vevaaishanda navo vaifanira kukwidza kuUS Congress nechikumbiro chekutora matanho ekudzikisa mutoro wemutero panheyo dzakavanzika. Manzwi akatanga kunzwika kakawanda achifarira kuwedzera mari yehurumende kuindasitiri iyi.

    Kutanga kukura kwehupfumi, uyezve mari yetsika?

     3.  Kuwedzera mukurumbira weRussia  dzidzo yemimhanzi, kusanganisira nekuwedzera mwero wemubhadharo wevaimbi. Nyaya yekubhadharwa kwevadzidzisi yakanetsawo. Kunyanya mumamiriro ezvinhu  yakaoma yemabasa akaomarara avanofanirwa kugadzirisa munzvimbo dziri pachena dzisingakwikwidzi (tora, semuenzaniso, mwero wekuchengetedza.  aids nemidziyo). Funga nezvedambudziko riri kukura rekukurudzira vadzidzi “vadiki” kuti vadzidze muzvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana, 2% chete.  (maererano nemamwe masosi, nhamba iyi yakati pfuurei zvishoma) yavanobatanidza ramangwana ravo rehunyanzvi nemimhanzi!

      4. Kugadzirisa dambudziko rerutsigiro rwekugadzirisa maitiro edzidzo (kupa makirasi ane vhidhiyo uye maodhiyo emidziyo, nzvimbo dzemimhanzi,  MIDI zvishandiso). Ronga kudzidziswa uye kudzidzisazve  vadzidzisi vemimhanzi mukosi "Mumhanzi wekugadzira uchishandisa komputa", "Komputa kuumbwa", "Nzira dzehunyanzvi hwekudzidzisa mukushanda nemapurogiramu emakomputa emimhanzi". Panguva imwecheteyo, munhu anofanirwa kufunga nezvekuti, nekugadzirisa matambudziko mazhinji ezvidzidzo nekukurumidza uye zvinobudirira, komputa haisati yakwanisa kutsiva chikamu chekugadzira mubasa remuimbi.

     Gadzira purogiramu yepakombiyuta yekudzidza kuridza zviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevanhu vakaremara.

    5. Kukurudzira kufarira kwevanhu mumimhanzi (kuumba "kuda", iyo, maererano nemitemo yehupfumi hwemusika, ichakurudzira "kupa" kubva munharaunda yemimhanzi). Chiyero chemuimbi kwete chete chakakosha pano. Zvakare zvinodiwa  zvimwe zviito zvinoshingaira zvekuvandudza tsika yetsika yeavo vanoteerera mimhanzi, uye naizvozvo yenzanga yose. Ngatikuyeuchidzei kuti hutano hwemagariro evanhu huriwo hutano hwevana vachazarura musuo wechikoro chemimhanzi. Kunyanya, zvingave zvinogoneka kushandisa zvakafara tsika inoshandiswa muchikoro chemimhanzi chevana vedu, ichibatanidza mhuri yose mukutora chikamu munzendo, makirasi, uye kukudziridza unyanzvi mumhuri yekuona mabasa emifananidzo.

      6. Mukuda kwekuvandudza dzidzo yemimhanzi uye kudzivirira "kupfupika" (unhu uye huwandu) hwevateereri vemakonti emakonti, zvingave zvakakurudzirwa kukudziridza dzidzo yemimhanzi muzvikoro zvepuraimari nesekondari. Zvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana zvinogona kuita basa rinogoneka mune izvi (ruzivo, vashandi, konzati uye zviitiko zvedzidzo zvevaimbi vechidiki).

     Nekuunza dzidziso yemimhanzi muzvikoro zvesekondari,  Zvinokurudzirwa kufunga nezvechiitiko chisina kunaka cheUnited States. Nyanzvi yeAmerica Laura Chapman mubhuku rake "Instant Art, Instant Culture" yakataura mamiriro akaipa ezvinhu.  nekudzidzisa mimhanzi muzvikoro zvenguva dzose. Mune maonero ake, chikonzero chikuru cheizvi ndiko kushomeka kwakanyanya kwevadzidzisi vemimhanzi. Chapman anotenda izvozvo  1% chete yemakirasi ese echidzidzo ichi muzvikoro zvehurumende zveUS anoitiswa pamwero wakafanira. Pane huwandu hwakawanda hwevashandi. Anotaurawo kuti 53% yevaAmerica havana kuwana dzidzo yemimhanzi zvachose ...

      7. Kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvekuzivikanwa  classical music, "kuunza" kune "mutengi" (makirabhu, nzvimbo dzetsika, nzvimbo dzekonzati). Magumo ekunetsana pakati pe "live" mimhanzi uye yekurekodha Goriyati haisati yasvika. Mutsidzira tsika yekare yekubata mini-concerts mufoyer  dzimba dzemabhaisikopo, mumapaki, zviteshi zvemetro, nezvimwewo. Nzvimbo idzi nedzimwe dzingaite maokestra angangogadzirwa, kusanganisira vadzidzi vezvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana nevakapedza kudzidza. Chiitiko chakadaro chiripo muchikoro chevana vedu chemimhanzi chakatumidzwa zita rake. AM Ivanov-Kramsky. Chiitiko cheVenezuela chinonakidza, uko, nerutsigiro rwehurumende uye neruzhinji zvimiro, network yenyika yose yevana nevechidiki orchestras yakagadzirwa nekutora chikamu kwemakumi ezviuru e "mumugwagwa" vechidiki. Aya ndiwo masikirwo akaitwa chizvarwa chese chevanhu vanofarira mimhanzi. Dambudziko guru revanhu rakagadziriswa zvakare.

     Kurukurai mukana wekugadzira "guta remimhanzi" muNew Moscow kana Adler ine konzati yayo, dzidzo, uye hotera zvivakwa (zvakafanana neSilicon Valley, Las Vegas, Hollywood, Broadway, Montmartre).

      8. Activation yezvitsva uye zvekuedza mabasa  mukuda kugadzirisa hurongwa hwekudzidzisa mimhanzi. Ndichiri kuvandudza budiriro dzemumba munzvimbo iyi, zvaikurudzirwa kushandisa ruzivo rweChinese. Pane nzira inozivikanwa iyo PRC yakashandisa pakuita shanduko huru yezvematongerwo enyika mukupera kwe70s yezana ramakore rapfuura. Sezvazvinozivikanwa,  Deng Xiaoping akatanga kuyedza shanduko  panharaunda yeimwe yematunhu eChinese (Sichuan). Uye chete mushure maizvozvo akatamisa ruzivo rwakawanikwa kunyika yose.

      Nzira yesainzi yakashandiswawo  mukuvandudza dzidzo yemimhanzi muChina.   Saka,  Mumasangano ese epamusoro edzidzo yepamusoro ePRC, zviyero zvakavambwa kuti vadzidzisi vaite basa rekutsvagisa.

      9. Kushandisa kugona kweterevhizheni neredhiyo kuita kuti mimhanzi ikurumbire, kusimudzira mabasa ezvikoro zvemimhanzi zvevana nemamwe masangano edzidzo emimhanzi.

      10. Kusikwa kwesainzi yakakurumbira uye  inoratidza mafirimu anoita kuti vanhu vafarire mimhanzi.  Kugadzira mafirimu nezve  zvisingawanzoitiki ngano mafambiro evaimbi: Beethoven, Mozart, Segovia, Rimsky-Korsakov,  Borodino, Zimakov. Gadzira firimu revana rehupenyu hwechikoro chemimhanzi.

       11. Kubuditsa mamwe mabhuku anogona kuita kuti vanhu vafarire nziyo. Mumwe mudzidzisi wepachikoro chemimhanzi chevana akaedza kutsikisa bhuku raizobatsira vaimbi vechidiki kukudziridza mafungiro emimhanzi sechiitiko chenhoroondo. Bhuku raizoita mubvunzo kumudzidzi, uyo anouya pakutanga munyika yemimhanzi: nyanzvi yemimhanzi kana nhoroondo? Muimbi muturikiri here kana mugadziri wenhoroondo yemifananidzo? Tiri kuedza kuunza kuvadzidzi vechikoro chemimhanzi chevana (kusvika ikozvino hazvina kubudirira) bhuku rakanyorwa nemaoko pamusoro pemakore ehuduku evaimbi vepasi rose. Takaedza kwete kunzwisisa chete  kutanga  mavambo ehunyanzvi hwevaimbi vakuru, asiwo kuratidza nhoroondo yenguva yenguva iyo "yakabereka" kune nyanzvi. Sei Beethoven akamuka?  Rimsky-Korsakov akawana kupi mimhanzi inonakidza zvakadaro?  Kutarisisa kutarisisa kwezvino nyaya… 

       12. Diversification of channels nemikana yekuzviziva kwevaimbi vechidiki (vertical elevators). Kumwe kuvandudzwa kwezviitwa zvekushanya. Wedzera mari yayo. Kusatariswa kwakakwana kune zvemazuva ano uye kuvandudzwa kwehurongwa hwekuzvizadzisa, semuenzaniso, muGermany, zvakakonzera kuti makwikwi.  on  nzvimbo mumaokestra ane mukurumbira  yakakura kakawanda mumakore makumi matatu apfuura uye yakasvika vanhu vangangosvika mazana maviri pachigaro.

        13. Kuvandudzwa kwebasa rekucherechedza kwezvikoro zvemimhanzi yevana. Track  mumatanho ekutanga, nguva nyowani mukuona kwevana mumhanzi, hunyanzvi, uye zvakare kuona zviratidzo   maonero akanaka uye akaipa pakudzidza.

        14. Zvakawanda kushingaira kukudziridza basa rekuchengetedza runyararo rwemimhanzi. High degree yemimhanzi yeapolitical, hukama hwayo  kubva mufariro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzavatongi venyika inobatira sehwaro hwakanaka hwokukurira kurwisana kupasi. Tinodavira kuti nokukurumidza kana kuti gare gare, nenzira yokushanduka-shanduka kana kuburikidza  matambudziko, vanhu vachasvika pakuziva kudyidzana kwevanhu vese vari panyika. Iyo yazvino inertial nzira yekukura kwevanhu inonyura mukukanganwa. Uye munhu wose achanzwisisa  chirevo chekufananidzira che "butterfly effect", iyo yakagadzirwa  Edward Lorenz, American masvomhu, musiki  Chaos theory. Aidavira kuti vanhu vose vanodyidzana. Hapana hurumende  miganhu haikwanise kuvimbisa nyika imwe chete  chengetedzo kubva kunjodzi dzekunze (mauto, zvakatipoteredza…).  Sekureva kwaLorenz, zviitiko zvinoita sezvisingakoshi mune chimwe chikamu chenyika, se“mhepo yakareruka” kubva pakubhururuka kwemapapiro eshavishavi kune imwe nzvimbo muBrazil, mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, zvinopa pfungwa.  avalanche-like  maitiro anozotungamira kune "dutu" muTexas. Mhinduro inozvipa zano: vanhu vose pasi pano imhuri imwe. Chimiro chakakosha chekugara kwake rugare uye kunzwisisana. Mimhanzi (kwete chete inosimudzira hupenyu hwemunhu wese), asi zvakare  chiridzwa chakapfava chekuumba hukama hwepasirese hunoenderana.

     Funga nezvezano rokupa Club of Rome mushumo pamusoro pomusoro unoti: “Mimhanzi sezambuko pakati penyika nebudiriro.”

        15. Mimhanzi inogona kuva chikuva chikuva chikuva chokutsinhiranisa kushandira pamwe kworubatsiro rwenyika yose. Nzvimbo yerubatsiro inoteerera zvakanyanya kune inocherekedza tsika nehunhu nzira yekugadzirisa matambudziko ayo. Ndokusaka tsika nemimhanzi zvingave kwete chete chishandiso chinogamuchirika, asiwo chikuru chiyero chechokwadi chevheji yekuchinja.  munhaurirano dzevanhu dzepasi rose.

        Mimhanzi "mutsoropodzi" uyo "anonongedza" chiitiko chisingadikanwi kwete zvakananga, kwete zvakananga, asi zvisina kunanga, "kubva kune zvakapesana" (sezviri mumasvomhu, humbowo "nokupokana"; lat. "Contradictio in contrarium").  Mutsoropodzi wetsika weAmerica Edmund B. Feldman akacherekedza urwu rutivi rwenziyo: “Tinogona sei kuona kushata kana tisingazivi runako?”

         16. Kugadzira hukama hwepedyo nevanoshanda navo kunze kwenyika. Chinjana ruzivo navo, gadzira mapurojekiti akabatana. Somuenzaniso, kuridza kweokhestra yaigona kuumbwa kubva kuvaimbi vezvitendero zvikuru zvenyika yose kwaizova kune ruzha uye kunobatsira. Inogona kunzi "Constellation" kana "Constellation"  zvitendero.”  Makonzati eiyi orchestra aizodiwa  pazviitiko zvepasi rose zvakatsaurirwa kundangariro dzevakabatwa nemagandanga, zviitiko zvakarongwa neUNESCO, pamwe nepamaforamu akasiyana epasi rose uye mapuratifomu.  Basa rinokosha remusangano uyu raizova kusimudzira pfungwa dzorugare, kushivirira, tsika dzakasiyana-siyana, uye pashure penguva yakati, zvichida, pfungwa dzeecumenism uye kuwirirana kwezvitendero.

          17.  Pfungwa yekutsinhana kwepasirese kwevashandi vekudzidzisa pane inotenderera uye kunyangwe yekusingaperi hwaro mhenyu uye mushe. Zvingave zvakakodzera kudhirowa zvirevo zvekare. Somuenzaniso, zana remakore rechi18 muEurope neRussia rakava rakakurumbira nokuda kwokutama kwenyanzvi. Ngatimborangarirai idi iroro  yekutanga mimhanzi academy muRussia muKremenchug (yakagadzirwa  pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, rakafanana nereservatory) raitungamirwa nemunyori weItaly muimbi uye kondakita Giuseppe Sarti, akashanda munyika yedu kwemakore anenge XNUMX. Uye hama dzaCarzelli  akavhura zvikoro zvemimhanzi muMoscow, kusanganisira chikoro chekutanga chemimhanzi muRussia cheserfs (1783).

          18. Kusikwa mune rimwe remaguta eRussia  zvivakwa zvekubata makwikwi epasi rose evatambi vechidiki "Music of the Young World", yakafanana nemakwikwi enziyo yeEurovision.

          19. Kugona kuona ramangwana remimhanzi. Mukuda kwekusimudzira kwakagadzikana kwenyika uye kuchengetedza yakakwira mwero wetsika dzemimhanzi yemumba, kutarisisa kwakanyanya kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kune kuronga kwenguva refu kwemaitiro edzidzo, tichifunga nezvekuchinja kwakafanotaurwa kwemagariro nehupfumi uye zvematongerwo enyika mune ramangwana. Kuwedzera kushanda kwe "pfungwa yedzidzo yepamusoro" kunoderedza kukanganisa kwemukati nekunze kwekutyisidzira kutsika yeRussia. Gadzirira kuparara kwevanhu. Nepanguva inotungamira sisitimu yedzidzo yakanangana nekuumbwa kwevakawanda "vane njere vanokwanisa" nyanzvi.

     20. Zvinogona kufungidzirwa kuti   pesvedzero yekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji pakuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi yekare, iyo yakazviratidza zvakanyanya zvakanyanya muzana ramakore rechimakumi maviri, ichaenderera mberi. Kupinda kwehungwaru hwekugadzira mumunda wehunyanzvi kuchawedzera. Uye kunyangwe mimhanzi, kunyanya mimhanzi yechinyakare, ine "kusadzivirirwa" kwakakura kumhando dzakasiyana dzeutsva, vanyori vanozopihwa dambudziko rakakura re "njere". Zvinogoneka kuti mukunangana uku pachamuka  Mimhanzi Yeramangwana. Pachave nenzvimbo yekurerutsa zvakanyanya mimhanzi yakakurumbira, uye yekuunza mimhanzi padyo sezvinobvira kune zvinodiwa nemunhu wega wega, kugadzira mimhanzi yekunakidzwa, uye hegemony yefashoni pamusoro pemimhanzi.  Asi kune vakawanda vanoda unyanzvi, kuda kwavo mimhanzi yekare kucharamba kuripo. Uye inova mutero kune fashoni  hologor aph ice   kuratidzira kwe "zvakaitika" muVienna pakupera kwezana remakore rechi18  emakore  koniti yemimhanzi yesymphonic inoitiswa naBeethoven!

      Kubva kumimhanzi yeEtruscans kusvika kune ruzha rwechimwe chimiro chitsva. Mugwagwa unopfuura  makore zviuru zvitatu…

          Peji idzva munhoroondo yenyika yemimhanzi iri kuvhurwa pamberi pemeso edu. Zvichange zvakaita sei? Mhinduro kumubvunzo uyu inotsamira pazvinhu zvakawanda, uye pamusoro pezvose pamusoro pekuda kwezvematongerwo enyika kwepamusoro, chinzvimbo chinoshanda chevatambi vemimhanzi uye kuzvipira kuzvipira.  vadzidzisi vemimhanzi.

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12. Mitemo Yenyika Yedzidzo Yemimhanzi. http://musicstandfoundation.org/images/National_Standarts_ _-_Music Education.pdf.

       13. Zvinyorwa zvebhiri iri Kurume 7, 2002; 107th congress 2d Session H.CON.RES.343: Kuratidza                 pfungwa yeCongress inotsigira Dzidzo yeMumhanzi uye Mimhanzi muMwedzi Wezvikoro Zvedu; Imba ya       Vamiririri.

14. "Rudzi ruri Panjodzi: Izvo Zvinokoshera Kuvandudzwa Kwedzidzo". The National Commission on Excellence in Education, A Report to the Nation and the Secretary of Education, US Department of Education, April 1983 https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CUPM/ first_40 years/1983-Risk.pdf.

15. Elliot Eisner  "Basa reUnyanzvi Mukudzidzisa Mwana Wese, GIA Reader, vol12  N3 (Fall 2001) www/giarts.org/ article/Elliot-w- Eisner-role-arts-educating...

16. Liu Jing, State policy yeChina mumunda wezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi. Mimhanzi uye art dzidzo mune yayo yazvino chimiro: tsika uye hunyanzvi. Kuunganidzwa kwezvinhu zveInternational Scientific and Practical Conference yeTaganrog Institute yakatumidzwa zita reAP Chekhov (bazi) reRostov State Economic University (RINH), Taganrog, Kubvumbi 14, 2017.  Files.tgpi.ru/nauka/publictions/2017/2017_03.pdf.

17. Yang Bohua  Dzidzo yemimhanzi muzvikoro zvesekondari zvemazuva ano China, www.dissercat.com/…/muzykalnoe...

18. Enda Meng  Kuvandudzwa kwedzidzo yemimhanzi yepamusoro muChina (hafu yechipiri yezana ramakore re2012 - kutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, XNUMX, https://cyberberleninka.ru/…/razvitie-vysshego...

19. Hua Xianyu  Mimhanzi dzidzo system muChina/   https://cyberleniika.ru/article/n/sistema-muzykalnogo-obrazovaniya-v-kitae.

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