Diki: Zvikero Zvidiki uye Makiyi Anoenderana (Chidzidzo 8)

Zvakaitika kuti nziyo dzinorwadza zvikuru dzakanyorwa mumakiyi maduku. Zvinotendwa kuti chiyero chikuru chinonzwika semufaro, uye chidiki - chinosuwa. Muchiitiko ichocho, gadzirira hengechepfu: chidzidzo ichi chose chichatsaurirwa kune "zvinosuruvarisa" madiki modes. Mariri iwe uchadzidza - rudzi rwekiyi dzavari, kuti dzinosiyana sei kubva kune makuru makiyi uye maitiro ekutamba zvikero zviduku.

Nemasikirwo emumhanzi, ndinofunga unozosiyanisa pakati pemukuru anofara, ane simba uye akapfava, kazhinji anosuwa, anosiririsa, uye dzimwe nguva anosiririsa. Rangarira mimhanzi yaMendelssohn's "Wedding March" uye Chopin's "Funeral March", uye misiyano pakati pezvikuru nezvidiki zvichava pachena kwauri.

Ndinovimba hauna kurega kutamba zvikero? Ndichakuyeuchidza kukosha kwezviitwa izvi zvinoita sekufinha. Fungidzira kuti iwe unomira kufamba uye kuisa kunetseka pamuviri wako, chii chichava mugumisiro? Muviri uchave wakapfava, usina simba, wakakora munzvimbo :-). Ndizvo zvakaitawo neminwe yako: kana ukasavadzidzisa zuva rega rega, vanova vasina simba uye vasina simba, uye havazokwanisi kutamba zvidimbu zvaunoda zvakanyanya. Kusvika pari zvino, wangotamba zvikero zvikuru.

Zviyero zviduku

Rega ndikuudze pakarepo: zvikero zvidiki hazvisi zvidiki (uye hazvina kukosha) pane zviyero zvikuru. Kungoti vakapihwa zita risina kunaka rakadaro.

Sezviyero zvikuru, zvikero zviduku zvine zvinyorwa zvisere, yekutanga neyokupedzisira ine zita rimwe chete. Asi kurongeka kwezvikamu mavari kwakasiyana. Iko kusanganiswa kwematoni uye semitones mudiki chiyero ndeinotevera:

Matauriro - Manzwi - Mataurirwo - Manzwi - Semitone - Mazwi - Matauriro

Rega ndikuyeuchidze kuti chikuru ndeichi: Manzwi - Manzwi - Semitone - Manzwi - Manzwi - Manzwi - Semitone

Inogona kutaridzika semusanganiswa wepakati pechiyero chikuru, asi kutaura zvazviri, toni uye semitones mune imwe yakarongeka pano. Nzira yakanakisa yekunzwa mutsauko uyu wesonic kutamba nekuteerera kune makuru uye madiki zviyero chimwe mushure mechimwe.

Sezvaungave waona, musiyano mukuru pakati pemahombe uye madiki modhi uri padanho rechitatu, iro rinonzi. inonyura muchitatu: mukiyi diki, inodzikiswa, ichigadzira nguva yediki yechitatu (mZ) ine tonic.

Imwe misiyano ndeyokuti mumhando huru kuumbwa kwezvikamu zvinogara nguva dzose, nepo mudiki mode inogona kuchinja pamatanho epamusoro, izvo zvinogadzira zvitatu zvakasiyana-siyana zviduku. Zvichida ndizvo chaizvo kubva kune iyi yakawanda-sided yekiyi diki iyo mabasa anopenya anowanikwa?

Saka, ndedzipi idzi dzakasiyana mhando, iwe unobvunza?

Kune marudzi matatu evadiki:

1. dzinongoitika
2. harmonic
3. melodic.

Mhando yega yega yediki inoratidzwa nekuumbwa kwayo kwezvikamu. Kusvika padanho rechishanu mumatatu ese akafanana, uye pachitanhatu nerechinomwe pane akasiyana.

natural diki — Mazwi — Manzwi — Mazwi — Mazwi — Manzwi — Mazwi — Mazwi

harmonic mudiki inosiyana neyechisikigo nedanho rakasimudzwa rechinomwe: yakasimudzwa nehafu toni, inoswededzwa pedyo ne tonic. Nguva iri pakati penhanho yechitanhatu neyechinomwe nokudaro inova yakakura - ikozvino imwe nehafu toni (inonzi yakawedzerwa yechipiri - uv.2), iyo inopa chiyero, kunyanya mukufamba kuderera, rudzi rwe "kumabvazuva" inzwi.

Muchidimbu cheharmonic, kuumbwa kwezvikamu kunotevera: Toni - Semitone - Toni - Toni - Semitone - One nehafu toni - Semitone.

Imwe mhando yediki - melodic minor, inozivikanwawo sejazz minor (inowanikwa mumimhanzi yakawanda yejazz). Zvechokwadi, kunyange kare kare kusati kwatanga mimhanzi yejazz, vanyori vakadai saBach naMozart vakashandisa rudzi urwu rwechidiki sehwaro hwemabasa avo.

Zvose mu jazz uye mumhanzi wekirasi (uye mune mamwe masitayera zvakare), iyo melodic midiki inosiyana pakuti ine nhanho mbiri dzakasimudzwa - yechitanhatu neyechinomwe. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kurongeka kwezvinhanho mune melodic minor scale inova:

Manzwi — Manzwi — Mazwi — Mazwi — Mazwi — Mazwi — Semitone.

Ndinoda kudaidza chikero ichi kuti chikero chisingachinji, nekuti hachigone kusarudza kuti chiri chikuru here kana chidiki. Tarisa zvakare kurongeka kwezvikamu mairi. Cherechedza kuti zvikamu zvina zvekutanga mairi zvakafanana nezviri muchiyero chiduku, uye chekupedzisira chakafanana nechiyero chikuru.

Zvino ngatibatei pamubvunzo wekuti tingaziva sei nhamba yezviratidzo zvakakosha mune imwe kiyi diki.

Parallel kiyi

Uye heinoi pfungwa makiyi akafanana.

Makiyi makuru uye madiki ane nhamba yakafanana yezviratidzo (kana asina iwo, sepanyaya yeC huru uye A diki) anonzi parallel.

Ivo vanogara vakaparadzaniswa kubva kune mumwe nemumwe nechetatu chidiki - mudiki achagara achivakwa pachinhanho chechitanhatu chechiyero chikuru.

Iyo tonic yemakiyi akaenzana akasiyana, kuumbwa kwezvikamu zvakare kwakasiyana, asi chiyero chechena uye dema kiyi chinogara chakafanana. Izvi zvakare zvinoratidza kuti mimhanzi inzvimbo yemitemo yakasimba yemasvomhu, uye, kana wavanzwisisa, munhu anogona kufamba nyore uye akasununguka mairi.

Kunzwisisa hukama hwemakiyi akafanana hakuna kuoma: tamba iyo C yakakura chiyero, uye wozodaro, asi kwete kubva padanho rekutanga, asi kubva rechitanhatu, uye mira pane yechitanhatu kumusoro - hapana chawakaita kunze kwe "zvakasikwa." diki” chikero mukiyi yeA diki.

Pamberi pako rondedzero yemakiyi anoenderana nemazita avo echiLatin uye nhamba yevakakosha mavara.

• C chikuru / Mudiki - C-dur / a-moll
• G chikuru / E diki - G-dur / e-moll (1 inopinza)
• D chikuru / B mudiki - D-dur / h-moll (2 zvinopinza)
• Mukuru / F kufa mudiki - A-dur / f: -moll (3 zvinopinza)
• E chikuru / C-yakapinza mudiki - E-dur / cis-moll (4 inopinza)
• B chikuru/G-yakapinza mudiki — H-dur/gis-moll (5 inopinza)
• F-yakapinza huru / D-yakapinza mudiki - Fis-dur / dis-moll (6 inopinza)
• F chikuru D mudiki - F-dur / d-moIl (1 flat)
• B furati huru / G diki - B-dur / g-moll (mafurati maviri)
• E-flat huru / C mudiki - E-dur / c-moll (mafurati matatu)
• Yakafuratira hombe / F mudiki - As-dur / f-moll (mafurati mana)
• D-flat huru / B-flat minor - Des-dur / b-moll (5 flats)
• G-flat huru / E-flat minor - Ges-dur / es-moll (mafurati matanhatu)

Zvakanaka, ikozvino iwe une pfungwa pamusoro pemudiki, uye ikozvino ruzivo urwu rwose runogona kuiswa mukuita. Uye iwe unofanirwa kutanga, hongu, nezvikero. Pazasi pane tafura yezvikero zvidiki zvese zviripo uye zvakaenderana neminwe yese (nhamba dzeminwe). Batikana, usamhanye.

Rega ndikuyeuchidze nzira yekutamba zvikero:

1. Tamba zvishoma nezvishoma neruoko rumwe norumwe chiyero che 4 octaves kumusoro nekudzika. Ziva kuti musheet mimhanzi application, nhamba dzemunwe dzinopihwa pamusoro uye pazasi pezvinyorwa. Idzo nhamba dziri pamusoro pezvinyorwa zvinoreva ruoko rwerudyi, pazasi - kuruboshwe.
2. Ziva kuti Melodic diki, kusiyana nemamwe marudzi maviri ezvikero zvidiki, inovaka zvakasiyana kana ichikwira nekudzika. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nekuti mukufamba kwakadzika, kushanduka kamwe kamwe kubva kune chikuru (pamwe nguva dze melodic minor dzinopindirana kubva padanho rekutanga kusvika kune rechina) kuenda kudiki huchanzwika kwete rhyme inonakidza. Uye kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, hudiki hwepanyama hunoshandiswa mukufamba kwakadzika - nhanho yechinomwe neyechitanhatu inodzokera kunzvimbo yavo yepakutanga yechiyero chiduku.
3. Batanidza nemaoko maviri.
4. Zvishoma nezvishoma wedzera kumhanya kwekutamba zvikero, asi panguva imwechete ita shuwa kuti mutambo wacho wakatsetseka uye une mutinhimira.

Kutaura idi, munyori haasungirwi kushandisa manotsi ose kubva pachikero chipi nechipi murwiyo rwake. Composer scale ndiyo menyu yaunogona kusarudza manotsi.

Zviyero zvikuru nezviduku pasina mubvunzo ndizvo zvakakurumbira zvikuru, asi handizvo zvoga zvikero zviripo munziyo. Usatya kuedza zvishoma nehurongwa hwekutsinhanisa mapindiro muzvikero zvikuru nezvidiki. Tsiva toni ine semitone pane imwe nzvimbo (uye zvinopesana) uye teerera kune zvinoitika.

Uye zvinoitika kuti iwe uchagadzira chiyero chitsva: kwete chikuru kana chidiki. Zvimwe zvezvikero izvi zvichanzwika zvakanaka, zvimwe zvinosemesa, uye zvimwe zvinonzwika zvisinganzwisisike. Kugadzira zviyero zvitsva hazvibvumirwi chete, asi kunyange zvinokurudzirwa. Zviyero zvitsva zvitsva zvinopa hupenyu kune mitsva mitsva mitsva nemimhanzi.

Vanhu vanga vachiyedza kuenzanisa kwepakati kubva pakatanga mimhanzi. Uye kunyange zvazvo zvikero zvakawanda zvokuedza zvisina kuwana mukurumbira wakadaro sezvikuru nezviduku, mune mamwe masitayera enziyo izvi zvitsva zvinoshandiswa sehwaro hwenziyo.

Uye pakupedzisira, ndichakukandira mimhanzi inonakidza mumakiyi madiki