Spinet

SPINET (Italian spinetta, French epinette, Spanish espineta, German Spinett, kubva kuLatin spina - munzwa, munzwa) idiki reimba keyboard-yakabvutwa chine tambo chiridzwa chemumhanzi wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. Sekutonga, yaive desktop uye yakanga isina makumbo ayo. A kind of cembalo (harpsichord).

Nechekunze, musana wakaita sepiyano. Muviri wakamira pazvigadziko zvina. Iine 3-6-marasha trapezoidal kana oval chimiro (kusiyana nerectangular virginal).

Chikamu chikuru chemuviri ndicho keyboard. Pane chivharo pamusoro, kusimudza kwaunogona kuona tambo, tuning pegi uye hunde. Zvose izvi zvikamu zviri muchoto. Kureba kwechiridzwa kunogona kusvika masendimita makumi masere, uye hupamhi - kwete kupfuura imwe nehafu mamita.

Kiyi imwe neimwe inoenderana ne1 tambo. Kusiyana nemamwe marudzi eharpsichord, tambo dzepiniti dzakatenderedzwa kurudyi rwekhibhodi. Iyo spinet ine 1 bhuku, huwandu hwe2-4 octaves.

Kwakabva zita rekuti “spinet” (kubva ku“munzwa”) rairatidza humbowo hwehunyanzvi hwekugadzira ruzha – inogadzirwa nekudhonza (“pinch”) tambo ine magumo akapinza edzinde remnhenga weshiri. Iyo spinet yakagadziridzwa yechishanu kana octave yakakwirira kupfuura grand vane.

Iwo ekutanga spinets anobva kuItari uye anodzokera kumashure kwekutanga kwe5th century. Pakati pavo, pane zviridzwa zvakawanda zve6 kana 1493-yakatarisana chimiro (ine kiibhodhi padivi rakareba). Yekutanga yasara yemuenzaniso yakagadzirwa naA. Passy muModena (Italy), yechipiri spinet, zvakare yebasa reItaly (XNUMX), inochengetwa muCologne.

2 zviridzwa (1565 uye 1593) zviri muState Central Museum of Musical Culture yakatumidzwa zita reMI Glinka muMoscow.

MuItari, mapapiro ane mapapiro akagadzirwawo emhando yainyanya kufarirwa muEngland, ichibvisa pakupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX. rectangular virginal sechiridzwa chinonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira mimhanzi yemumba. Mitumbi ye spinets yakagadzirwa ne ebony, yakashongedzwa nezvinhu zvinodhura - nyanga dzenzou, amai-ve-pearl.

Mitemo inokosha yakaiswa pachivharo chine hinged: "Gloria in excelsis" (lat.) - "Kubwinya kudenga" kana "Haec fac ut felix vivis" (lat.) - "Ita kuitira kuti ugare uchifara." Kushongedza kwakapfuma kwakaita kuti ive yekushongedza kwakafanana kweimba sefenicha yakanaka. Yakaiswa mubhokisi rewalnut, yakasungirirwa pachivharo nemakona emhangura matete, uye ine muoki kana kuti mahogany.

Iyo spinet yaive yakagadzirirwa solo uye chamber kumba mimhanzi-kugadzira. Miniature spinets, yakarongedza octave yakakwirira kupfuura mimhanzi notation (Italian spinetti kana ottavina), yaiwanzo gadzirwa nenzira yemabhokisi emaoko, mabhuku, nezvimwewo, akashongedzwa negilding, kuveza, uye inlay.

MuRussia court hupenyu in con. Muzana remakore rechi17 kwaiva nema spinets akadai "okhtavki". Parizvino, iyo spinet yakawanda yemusamu chidimbu pane chiridzwa chemimhanzi, asi iyi haisi axiom. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, munhu anogona kutaura kuwedzera kwekufarira mune zviridzwa zvekare. Ndosaka iyo spinet ikozvino yave nekuzvarwa patsva, izvo, pasina mubvunzo, zvichave nemhedzisiro yakanaka patsika dzemimhanzi yenyika.