Stylization |

Stylization (chiGerman Stilisierung, French stylisation, kubva muchiLatin stylus, Greek stulos - tsvimbo yekunyora pamahwendefa akaiswa wax, kunyora, syllable) - nhandaro yemaune yechimwe chinhu. zvinhu zvemimhanzi k.-l. vanhu, nguva yekugadzira, art. madhairekitori, kashoma manyorerwo emunyori mumabasa, erudzi rwakasiyana kana dura renguva pfupi, remugadziri. hunhu nehumwe hunyanzvi. zvirongwa. S. haina kufanana nekukwezva kune tsika, apo yakasimbiswa hunyanzvi. zvimiro zvinotamisirwa kune zvine hukama uye zvechisikigo mamiriro kwavari (semuenzaniso, kuenderera kwetsika dzaBeethoven mubasa reI. Brahms), pamwe nekutevedzera, iko kukopa kusina hutsva hutsva (somuenzaniso, zvinyorwa mu classical mhando F. Lachner) uye nyore kutendeuka kuva kutevedzera. Kusiyana navo, S. inotora kubviswa kubva pamuenzaniso wakasarudzwa uye kuchinjwa kwemuenzaniso uyu kuva chinhu chemufananidzo, chinhu chekutevedzera (somuenzaniso, sutu mumutauro wekare "Kubva kuTimes of Holberg" op. 40 Grieg). Munyori weS. anowanzomubata sechinhu chakarara kunze, chinokwezva nekusajairika kwayo, asi ichiri kuramba chiri kure - kwenguva pfupi, yenyika, yega stylistic; S. inosiyana nekutevera tsika kwete nekushandisa, asi nekuburitsa zvakawanikwa kare, kwete organically. kubatana nayo, asi kusikwa patsva kwayo kunze kwechimiro chakaibereka. nharaunda; musimboti weS. uri muchimiro chayo chechipiri (sezvo S. isingabviri pasina kutungamira kune maitiro agara aripo). Mukuita kweS. stylized phenomena kuva nekusingaperi. kusvika pamwero muduku une zvimiso, kureva kuti, zvinokosha kwete zvikuru mavari, asi sevatakuri vechirevo chedimikira. Kuti pave nekubuda kweichi chiitiko chehunyanzvi, nguva ye "kusiyana" inofanirwa (izwi reVB Shklovsky, rinoratidza mamiriro anotyora "otomatiki yekuona" uye kuita kuti munhu aone chimwe chinhu kubva kune isina kujairika maonero), izvo zvinoita pachena inovakazve, yechipiri chimiro cheC.

Iyo nguva inoremadza yakadai inogona kuve yekuwedzeredza kwezvimiro zvepakutanga (semuenzaniso, muNo 4 uye No 7 kubva kuRavel's Noble and Sentimental Waltzes, kune rakawanda reViennese runako kupfuura muViennese yepakutanga, uye Manheru aDebussy muGrenada anodarika Spanish chaiyo. mumitsetse yeruvara rwechiSpanish .mimhanzi), kuunzwa kwezvinyorero zvisina kujairika kwavari. zvinhu (semuenzaniso, zvemazuva ano dissonant harmonies mukumutsa yekare aria ye2nd chikamu che sonata chepiyano naStravinsky) uye kunyangwe mamiriro acho pachawo (umo, semuenzaniso, chete inoshamisa basa redhizaini yekutamba muTaneyev's Minuet inoratidzwa) , uye mumamiriro ekunyatso kubereka - musoro (fp. wemutambo "Nenzira ye ... Borodin, Chabrier" naRavel, "Tribute to Ravel" naHonegger). Kunze kwekusvibisa, S. inorasikirwa nehunhu hwayo. mhando uye - pasi pekuita zvine hunyanzvi - inosvika kune yekutanga (kuburitsa zvese zvisinganzwisisike zverwiyo rwevanhu "Chorus of the Villages" kubva pachiito chechina che opera "Prince Igor" naBorodin; rwiyo rwaLyubasha kubva pachiitiko chekutanga che opera. "Mwenga waTsar" naRimsky-Korsakov).

S. inotora nzvimbo yakakosha muhurongwa hwese hwemimhanzi. mari. Anopfumisa hunyanzvi hwenguva yake uye nyika yake nemamisi. zvakawanikwa zvedzimwe nguva nenyika. Iyo yekudzoreredza chimiro che semantics uye kushomeka kwekutsva kwepakutanga kunotsiviwa neyakasimbiswa semantics yakapfuma mukushamwaridzana. Mukuwedzera, S. inoda tsika dzepamusoro zvose kubva kuvagadziri vayo (zvikasadaro S. haikwiri pamusoro pechiyero cheeclecticism) uye kubva kumuteereri, uyo anofanira kunge akagadzirira kuonga "mimhanzi pamusoro pemimhanzi." Kutsamira pamusoro tsika accumulations zvose simba uye kushaya simba kweS.: yakananga kune njere uye yakagadziridzwa kuravira, S. nguva dzose inobva muzivo, asi sezvizvi zvinopa zvibayiro zvepfungwa nekukurumidzira uye njodzi dzinova dzine musoro.

Chinhu cheS. chinogona kunge chiri chero chikamu chemimhanzi. Kazhinji zvinonyanya kushamisa zvimiro zvezvese mimhanzi-yenhoroondo inonyorwa. era kana mimhanzi yenyika tsika (zvine chinangwa kurira kwekuridza muchimiro chekwaya polyphony yekunyora kwakasimba muWagner's Parsifal; Lalo's Russian Concerto yeviolin uye orchestra). Muses akapinda mune yakapfuura zvakare anowanzo stylized. mhando (Gavotte naRigaudon kubva kuProkofiev's Gumi Zvidimbu zvepiyano, op. 12; Hindemith's madrigals ekwaya cappella), dzimwe nguva anoumba (inenge Haydnian sonata fomu muProkofiev's Classical Symphony) uye nziyo. maitiro (hunhu hwema polyphonic themes enguva yeBaroque, thematic core, sequentially kuvandudza uye kupedzisa zvikamu mu1st theme yefugue kubva kuStravinsky's Symphony yeMapisarema). Zvimiro zvemaitiro emunyori ega ega zvinodzokororwa kashoma (Kunatsiridza kwaMozart mu opera Mozart uye Salieri naRimsky-Korsakov; Paganini's "devilish pizzicato" mumutsauko wechi19 kubva kuRachmaninov's Rhapsody paDingindira rePaganini; hunhu hweBazi zvave zvakapararira mumimhanzi yemagetsi). Muzviitiko zvakawanda, k.-l. yakaitwa stylized. music element. mutauro: fret harmonic. zvimiro (zviyeuchidzo zve modal diatonic rwiyo "Ronsard - kumweya wake" naRavel), rhythmic. uye mameseji edhizaini (kusimuka kwakasimba mumweya waJB Lully kuhwina kwe "24 Violins of the King" munhanganyaya yaStravinsky's Apollo Musagete; arpeggiated "romance" inoperekedzwa muduet yaNatasha naSonya kubva pachiitiko chekutanga che opera "War and the World" naProkofiev), vashandi vanoita (zviridzwa zvekare muchikwata che ballet "Agon" naStravinsky) uye maitiro ekuita ("Rwiyo rweAshug" mune imwe nzira yekuvandudza mugham kubva kuopera "Almast". ” naSpendiarov), timbre yechiridzwa (kurira kwembira wakadhindwa nekubatanidzwa kwembira nepiyano mukusuma opera "Ruslan naLyudmila", magitare - nekubatanidza mbira uye violin yekutanga mune huru. chikamu cheGlinka's "Jota yeAragon"). Pakupedzisira, S. anotera kune chimwe chinhu chakanyanya - ruvara kana chimiro chepfungwa chiripo zvakanyanya mukumiririra kwerudo pane kuva nemaprototypes chaiwo (matanho ekumabvazuva echiChinese uye madhanzi echiArab kubva kubhareti The Nutcracker naTchaikovsky; Old Castle" kubva "Mifananidzo paChiratidziro" cheMussorgsky; kufungisisa zvine ruremekedzo muchimiro cheAscetic Middle Ages mu "Epic Song" kubva "Nziyo nhatu dzaDon Quixote kuenda kuDulcinea" yezwi nepiyano Ravel). Saka, izwi rokuti "S." ine mimvuri yakawanda, uye mutsara wayo we semantic wakafara zvokuti miganhu chaiyo yepfungwa ye S. inodzimwa: mukuratidzwa kwayo kwakanyanya, S. kana inova isinganzwisisiki kubva kune yakashongedzwa, kana kuti mabasa ayo anove asinganzwisisiki kubva kumabasa emumhanzi chero upi zvake.

S. yakanyorwa kare. Yakanga isiri uye yaigona kunge iri mu preclassic. nguva yenhoroondo yemimhanzi: vaimbi veMiddle Ages, uye chikamu cheRenaissance, vaisaziva kana kukoshesa kuve kwemunyori, vachibatanidza kukosha kukuru kune hunyanzvi hwekuita uye kuwirirana kwemimhanzi kune yavo liturgical. appointment. Mukuwedzera, iyo yose mimhanzi. hwaro hwetsika idzi, kukwira Ch. arr. kune rwiyo rwaGregorian, rakabvisa mukana we "stylistic". madonhwe.” Kunyangwe mubasa raJS Bach, rinoratidzwa nemunhu ane simba, fugues padyo nemimhanzi yemhando yakasimba, semuenzaniso. iyo kwaya yakagadziridzwa ye“Durch Adams Fall ist ganz verderbt”, kwete S., asi mutero kutsika dzechinyakare, asi dzisiri dzakafa (Rwiyo rwechiPurotesitendi). Viennese classics, inosimbisa zvakanyanya basa remunhu stylistic. kutanga, panguva imwe chete akabatikana zvikuru anoshingaira okugadzira zvinhu. chinzvimbo chekuvhara C: isina kunyorwa, asi nehunyanzvi yakafungazve Nar. genre motifs naJ. Haydn, nzira dzekuItaly. bel canto naWA ​​Mozart, iwo manzwi emumhanzi weGreat French. chimurenga naL. Beethoven. Pamugove weS. vanofanira kudzorera kunze. East attributes. mimhanzi (zvichida nekuda kwekufarira kuMabvazuva pasi pesimba rezviitiko zvezvematongerwo enyika zvekune dzimwe nyika zvenguva iyoyo), kazhinji kutamba ("Turkish drum" mu rondo alla turca kubva ku sonata yepiyano A-dur, K.-V. 331, Mozart ; "Chorus Janissaries" kubva kuMozart's opera "The Abduction kubva kuSeraglio"; mifananidzo inonakidza ye "vaenzi vanobva kuConstantinople" mu opera "Pharmacist" naHaydn, nezvimwewo). Kashoma kuonekwa muEurope. mimhanzi pamberi ("Gallant India" naRameau), kumabvazuva. exotic kwenguva refu yakaramba yechinyakare. chinhu chemamiriro S. mumhanzi weopera (CM Weber, J. Wiese, G. Verdi, L. Delibes, G. Puccini). Romanticism, nekuwedzera kutarisisa maitiro emunhu, ruvara rwenzvimbo, uye mamiriro epanguva yacho, yakagadzira nzira yekupararira kweS. .(somuenzaniso, Chopin) , “Paganini”, “German Waltz” kubva ku“Carnival” yepianoforte Schumann). Thin S. anowanikwa muchiRussian. vanyori (semuenzaniso, mutambo waLisa naPolina, kupindirana kwe "Kuvimbika kweMufudzikadzi" kubva kune opera "The Queen of Spades" naTchaikovsky; nziyo dzevaenzi vekunze kubva kuopera "Sadko" naRimsky-Korsakov: munziyo. yeVedenets muenzi, maererano naVA Tsukkerman, S. polyphony yemaitiro akasimba anoratidza nguva, uye rudzi rwebarcarolle - nzvimbo yekuita). Rus. Kazhinji, mimhanzi yekuMabvazuva haigoni kunzi S., saka kwakadzika kwaiva kunzwisisa muRussia mweya chaiwo wenzvimbo uye nhoroondo yeEast East (zvisinei zvishoma zvinonzwisiswa, kwete kuva ne ethnography, yakarurama). Zvisinei, zvakasimbiswa, mapeji "akanyanyisa kumabvazuva" mu opera The Golden Cockerel naRimsky-Korsakov inogona kuverengwa seS.

S. yakagashira budiriro yakafara muzana ramakore re20 iyo inokonzerwa nek-ry general maitiro emazuva ano. music. Humwe hunhu hwayo hwakakosha (uye kazhinji hunhu hwehunyanzvi hwemazuva ano) ndeye Universalism, kureva kufarira mumhanzi tsika dzenguva dzese nevanhu. Kufarira mune zvakawanikwa zvemweya zveMiddle Ages kunoratidzwa kwete chete mukuita kweG. de Machaux's Play yaRobin naMarion, asiwo mukusikwa kweRespighi's Gregorian Violin Concerto; kucheneswa pamisikanzwa yekutengeserana. Jazz Inomiririra C. Negro. mumhanzi mufp. Debussy Preludes, Op. M. Ravel. Nenzira imwecheteyo, mimhanzi yemazuva ano intellectualism inzvimbo yekuberekera yekuvandudzwa kwemaitiro ezvinyorwa, kunyanya zvakakosha mumhanzi weNeoclassicism. Neoclassicism iri kutsvaga rutsigiro pakati pekusagadzikana kwemazuva ano. hupenyu mukuberekana kwengano, mafomu, hunyanzvi hwakamira muyedzo yenguva, izvo zvinoita kuti S. (mune magiradhesheni ayo ese) hunhu hweiyi inotonhora chinangwa art. Pakupedzisira, kuwedzera kwakanyanya kwekukosha kwekomiki mune zvemazuva ano. art inogadzira kudiwa kwakanyanya kweS., yakasikwa yakasarudzika nemhando yakakosha yekomiki - kugona kumiririra maficha echimiro chechimiro mune yakawedzera fomu. Nokudaro, nenzira ye comedic, mararamiro acharatidza. mikana yemimhanzi. S. yakapamhama: kusekesa kusinganzwisisike mune yakanyanyisa sultry "Mukutevedzera Albeniz" yeFP. Shchedrin, ane hunyengeri FP. inotangira neCuban A. Taño (“For Impressionist Composers”, “National Composers”, “Expressionist Composers”, “Pointillist Composers”), a merry parody of opera templates muProkofiev’s The Love for Three Oranges, zvishoma-zvakanaka, asi. stylistically impeccable "Mavra" naStravinsky, akaitwa "Three Graces" naSlonimsky wepiyano. ("Botticelli" idingindira rinomiririrwa ne "Renaissance dance music", "Rodin" ndiyo 2nd musiyano mumutauro weRavel, "Picasso" ndiyo 2nd yakasiyana "pasi Stravinsky"). Mumhanzi wazvino S. unoenderera mberi uri basa rakakosha rekugadzira. kugamuchira. Saka, S. (kazhinji muchimiro chekare concerti grossi) inosanganisirwa mumakorasi (somuenzaniso, dingindira rakanyorerwa "mushure meVivaldi" mumutambo wekutanga weA. Schnittke's symphony inotakura zvakafanana semantic mutoro sekukotesheni kwakaunzwa mumimhanzi) . Kuma1s. chimiro che "retro" stylistic chakatora chimiro, icho, kusiyana nechekare serial overcomplexity, inoratidzika sekudzoka kune maitiro akareruka; S. pano inonyungudika kuita chikumbiro kumisimboti yakakosha yemisimboti. mutauro - ku "pure tonality", katatu.

References: Troitsky V. Yu., Stylization, mubhuku: Shoko uye Mufananidzo, M., 1964; Savenko S., Pamubvunzo wekubatana kwemaitiro eStravinsky, mukuunganidza: IF Stravinsky, M., 1973; Kon Yu., Anenge maviri fugues naI. Stravinsky, muunganidzwa: Polyphony, M., 1975.

TS Kyuregyan