Detention |
ital. ritardo; German Vorhalt, French uye Chirungu. kumiswa
Ruzha rusina-chord paruzha runononotsa kupinda kwechinoti chiri pedyo. Kune marudzi maviri eZ.: akagadzirirwa (inzwi raZ. rinoramba richibva parutinhi rwakapfuura muzwi rimwechete kana kuti rinosanganisirwa murwiyo rwapfuura mune rimwe inzwi) uye risina kugadzirira (ruzha rweZ. harwupo muruzha rwapfuura; inonziwo apodjatura). Yakabikwa Z. ine nguva nhatu: kugadzirira, Z. uye mvumo, isina kugadzirira - mbiri: Z. uye mvumo.
Palestrina. Motet.
PI Tchaikovsky. 4th symphony, kufamba II.
Kugadzirira kweZ. kunogonawo kuitwa nezwi risiri-chord (sekunge nenzira yeZ.). Isina kugadzirira Z. kazhinji ine chimiro chekupfuura kana chekubatsira (semutsamba yechipiri) ruzha rwakawira pakurova kukuru kwechiyero. Izwi reZ. rinogadziriswa nekufambisa chikuru kana chidiki chechipiri pasi, chidiki uye (kashoma) chikuru chechipiri kumusoro. Resolution inogona kunonotswa nekusuma mamwe manzwi pakati payo neZ. - chord kana isiri-chord.
Kazhinji pane anonzi. kaviri (mumanzwi maviri) uye katatu (mumanzwi matatu) Z. Yakagadzirirwa kaviri Z. inogona kuumbwa mumamiriro ezvinhu iwayo apo, pakuchinja kuwirirana, manzwi maviri anoenda kuchipiri chikuru kana chiduku - mune imwe nzira (parallel thirds kana fours) kana kumativi akasiyana. Nekatatu akagadzirirwa Z., manzwi maviri anofamba achienda kune rimwe divi, uye rechitatu kune rakapesana, kana manzwi matatu ese anoenda kudivi rimwe chete (parallel yechitanhatu chords kana quarter-sextakhords). Zviyo zvisina kugadzirira zvakapetwa kaviri uye katatu hazvina kusungwa nemamiriro aya ekuumbwa. Iyo bass mune kaviri uye katatu kunonoka kazhinji haina kubatanidzwa uye inoramba iripo, iyo inobatsira pakuona kwakajeka kwekuchinja mukuwirirana. Kaviri uye katatu z. inogona kusagadziriswa panguva imwe chete, asi neimwe nzira mukuparara. mavhoti; kugadziriswa kwenzwi rakanonoka mune rimwe nerimwe remanzwi kunoenderana nemitemo yakafanana nekugadziriswa kweZ imwe chete. Nekuda kwemetric yayo. chinzvimbo pachikamu chakasimba, Z., kunyanya isina kugadzirira, ine simba guru pane harmonic. vertical; nerubatsiro rweZ., consonances iyo isingabatanidzwi mukirasi inogona kuumbwa. chords (eg fours and fives). Z. (semitemo, yakagadzirirwa, kusanganisira kaviri uye katatu) yakashandiswa zvakanyanya munguva yepolyphony yekunyora kwakasimba. Mushure mekubvumirwa kwehomophony Z. muzwi rinotungamirira repamusoro rakagadzira chinhu chinokosha chezvinodanwa. gallant style (zana remakore rechi18); vakadaro Z. vaiwanzobatanidzwa ne "kugomera". L. Beethoven, achiedza kuti mumhanzi wake ureruke, uome uye uve munhurume, akaganhurira nemaune kushandiswa kweZ. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vakatsanangura chimiro ichi cherwiyo rwaBeethoven nezwi rokuti “murwiyo wakakwana”.
Izwi rokuti Z. sezviri pachena rakatanga kushandiswa naG. Zarlino muchinyorwa chake Le istitutioni harmoniche, 1558, p. 197. Z. panguva iyoyo yakadudzirwa seruzha rusinganzwisisike, rwaida kugadzirira kwakafanira uye kudzika kwakadzikama. Mukutanga kwe16-17 mazana emakore. Kugadzirira kwaZ kwakanga kusingachanzi kunofanira kuitwa. Kubva muzana ramakore rechi 17 Z. iri kuwedzera kutorwa sechikamu chegwara, uye dzidziso yeZ. inosanganisirwa musainzi yekuwirirana (kunyanya kubva muzana ramakore rechi 18). "Zvisina kugadziriswa" mitsara yakagadzirira imwe yemhando dzechord itsva yezana remakore rechi20. (makonzoni ane akawedzera, kana mativi, toni).
References: Chevalier L., Nhoroondo yedzidziso yekubatana, trans. kubva kuFrench, Moscow, 1931; Sposobin I., Evseev S., Dubovsky I., Inoshanda kosi yekubatana, chikamu II, M., 1935 (chikamu 1); Guiliemus Monachus, De preceptis artis musice et practice compendiosus, libellus, in Coussemaker E. de, Scriptorum de musica medii-aevi…, t. 3, XXIII, Hlldesheim, 1963, p. 273-307; Zarlino G., Le institutioni harmonice. A faksi ye1558 Venice edition, NY, 1965, 3 chikamu, chivharo. 42, p. 195-99; Riemann H. Geschichte der Musiktheorie im IX-XIX. Jahrh., Lpz., 1898; Piston W., Harmony, NY, 1941; Chominski JM, Historia harmonii uye kontrapunktu, t. 1-2, Kr., 1958-62.
Yu. H. Kholopov
