Mumhanzi wechirungu: mweya usingachinji wetsika

Mumhanzi wechiRungu sechikamu chengano dzechiRungu wakaumbwa pasi pesimba rezviitiko zvenhoroondo dzenguva dzakasiyana, tsika dzetsika uye zvido zvekunaka zvevagari vemamwe matunhu enyika.

Ngano dzechiRungu dzine midzi yadzo mungano dzevanhu kubva kwakavambwa rudzi rwechiRungu - maAngles, maSaxons, maJutes, pamwe nemadzinza echiCelt nemaGerman. Kuva pedyo neIreland, Wales, neScotland kwaisangokwanisa kuratidzwa mukufanana kwevavariro nehukama hwemadingindira uye mavara echinyakare chenyika idzi nehunyanzvi hwechiRungu.

Madingindira uye mavara echiRungu ngano

Chii uye ndiani anoimbwa nezvake munziyo dzevanhu vekuEngland? Ngatinyorei mishoma mifananidzo mikuru:

• Imwe yepakati mavara echirungu epic ndeye King Arthur - mutungamiri ane mukurumbira weBritons mukurwisa vakundi. Hapana humbowo husingarambiki hwekuvapo kwake kwenhoroondo, asi ngano zhinji nengano pamusoro pake uye varwi vake vakashinga vetafura yakatenderedzwa vave chikamu chakakosha chengano yechirungu.
• Imwe gamba reChirungu ballads uye ngano, chokwadi chekuvapo kwake kunoramba kuchipokana, ndiko Robin Washington - mutungamiri akakurumbira wemakororo akabira vapfumi muSherwood Forest uye akapa zvakapambwa kuvarombo nevanoshaya.
• Pamusoro pezvo, ngano dzechiRungu, pamwe nedzeScottish, dzizere nezvakawanda zvinoshamisa ngano vatambi - midzimu, zvipoko, madhimoni, brownies, shato uye zvimwe zvisikwa zvengano. Iwo ekupedzisira anosanganisira elves, troll, cannibals, varoyi.

Saka, ngano, semutemo, inovhenekera ugamba hwehondo yerusununguko kana mifananidzo yerudo yevadziviriri vanokudzwa veboka rakadzvinyirirwa, uye inoburitsawo dzimwe dzidziso dzechihedheni uye ngano dzenguva isati yasvika chiKristu munhoroondo yeEngland.

Mhando dzenziyo dzechiRungu mimhanzi yevanhu uye maitiro avo

Zvichienderana nekufamba kwenguva, kupatsanurwa kwemumhanzi wevanhu vekuEngland sechikamu chetsika chakasiyana chinopindirana nekusvika kweAngles pazvitsuwa muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX AD. e. Sezvo pakanga pasina kurekodhwa kwemimhanzi panguva iyoyo, isu tine pfungwa yakajairwa yechimiro uye zvirimo zvekutanga nziyo dzechiRungu. Gare gare, pahwaro hwenziyo dzechiRungu dzechinyakare, mhando dzakadai secarol, jig, shanti, hornpipe dzakaumbwa.

Carol parizvino yakabatana nerwiyo rweKisimusi, kunyangwe hazvo huwandu hwemhando iyi hwakakura zvakanyanya: inogona kuve musanganiswa wepanyika uye yemweya, kana iyo inonzi inonzi paraliturgical chants, iyo inoshandisa nyaya dzebhaibheri uye zvinyorwa zvisiri zvepamutemo nekukudzwa kwe. Jesu Kristu. Mukuwedzera, kune zvakawanda zvekunwa, lullaby, nziyo dzevana mumhando ye carol.

Imwe yemhando dzenziyo dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzeChirungu folk music ndeye ballad. Munguva dzakasiyana dzenhoroondo, mabharadhi aiimba emagamba enyika (King Arthur kana Robin Hood, semuenzaniso) uye aive nerondedzero yenyaya mumamiriro erudo. Iyo ballad, senge carol, yakatanga kuitwa pamwe chete nekutamba kwakatenderedza (kutenderera-dhanzi) uye yakazobva yabuda serudzi rwerwiyo rwakazvimiririra.

Gungwa chant songs Pakutanga, vaiva nezvinangwa zviviri: kutsinhiranisa kufamba kwevafambisi vezvikepe apo vaiita basa ripi neripi rengarava uye kuvhenekera nhandaro inonyandura uye inonyandura pashure pebasa rakaoma. Nziyo dzerudzi urwu dzinosiyaniswa nekusimbisa kwehunhu kune mamwe mazwi, panguva iyo vafambisi vengarava vakaita nhamburiko yekuenzanisa (jerk yetambo, semuenzaniso).

"Mashati eGreen" kana "Mashati eGreen" - imwe yenziyo dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa dzechiRungu dzakadzika kwatiri kubva kuMiddle Ages. Mumhanzi usinganzwisisike uye uroyi unonyudza muteereri munguva yevarwi vakashinga nevakadzi vakanaka. Kunyorwa kwerwiyo dzimwe nguva kunopiwa kuna Mambo Henry VIII, uyo anonzi akazvitsaurira kune wake anodiwa Anne Boleyn. Ngatiteerere uye tirangarire rwiyo urwu.

Madhanzi emhando dzemumhanzi wevanhu veChirungu uye maitiro avo

Zita rayo nderechiRungu jig dance yakakweretwa kubva kune diki violin, pairi kuperekedzwa kwemimhanzi yekutamba kwaiitwa. Kukurumidza jig muhukuru hwe12/8 kunoitwa, sekutonga, nevarume vakarongedzerwa mumutsara mumwe, vachifananidzira rusvingo rwenhare. Imwe shanduro yechikadzi yekutamba inoitwa muna 9/8 nguva uye inosanganisira kushandiswa kweshangu dzakapfava, elastic. Iyo jig tekinoroji ine akawanda kusvetuka, pirouettes, uye masiraidhi anoitwa mune akasiyana rhythms zvichienderana nerudzi rwekutamba.

Imwe kutamba kwevanhu vechiRungu - hornpipe yakatumidzwa zita reimwe chiridzwa chemumhanzi - mhepo yeScotland uye ine marudzi akati wandei, pakati peiyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeyeRickets Hornpipe uye The Ladies Hornpipe. Inoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana uye inoratidzirwa nekuzunguza mafambiro ezvitsitsinho. Pakutanga yakaitwa nevarume chete, nhasi inowanikwawo kune vakadzi.

Dhanzi Morris (kana kutamba neminondo) kwaiitwawo pakutanga chete nevarume uye yaive rudzi rwechiito chakatsaurirwa kupemberera kweMay Day. Vanyori vezvakaitika kare vanodavira kuti kutamba kune midzi yechihedheni uye kwakasimuka pahwaro hwetsika dzekare. Inoitwa kune mimhanzi inoperekedzwa yemabhegi uye zvigubhu. Vanhu vazhinji veChirungu vachiri kutenda kuti kutamba kweMorris kunounza rombo rakanaka kune vese vateereri nevatambi.

Zviridzwa zvechirungu zvemhanzi

Nguva dzakasiyana dzenhoroondo dzakapfumisa muunganidzwa wezviridzwa zvakashandiswa mukuridza mimhanzi yechirungu yechirungu nemasampuli aiita kuti ruzha ruve rwekutanga uye rwepakutanga.

Imwe yacho imbira, chiridzwa chakarukwa chine tambo chakapinda mungano yeChirungu zvichida chichibva kutsika dzechiArabia. Pakutanga, lute yakanga ine tambo 4-5, mushanduro yemazuva ano chiridzwa chinogona kuva netambo 35, uye naizvozvo chimiro chayo chakachinjawo zvishoma.

Chimwe chiridzwa chechinyakare chekuEngland chinonzi hammered dulcimer (kana makwakwakwa esimbi) - chiridzwa chine tambo chinoridzwa chakaiswa pachigadziko pamberi pemuimbi anoshandisa sando dzakakosha kuburitsa ruzha.

Kazhinji, pakuita ngano yeChirungu, harpsichord, hwamanda, ngoma, shawm (rudzi rweoboe), hurdy gurdy (kana hurdy gurdy), violin uye mabhegi anoshandiswa.

Mumhanzi wechiRungu nhasi

Mupiro wakakura mukurongeka kwenganonyorwa dzechiRungu uye kuchengetedzwa kwenhaka yetsika kwakaitwa naCecil James Sharp (1859-1924). Uyu mudzidzisi wechiRungu uye nyanzvi yemimhanzi akakwanisa kurongedza zvinhu zvakaunganidzwa nemapoka akasiyana ethnographic uye akaunganidza yakasarudzika mavhoriyamu akawanda enziyo dzechivanhu uye mabharadhi. Vateveri vaSharpe vakaenderera mberi nebasa rake. Nhasi, kufarira mumhanzi wechiRungu kunochengetedzwa kuburikidza nemitambo yefolklore, pamwe nekupinda kwefolk motifs mumimhanzi yemazuva ano.

Munyori - Igor Svetlichenko