Pause |
kubva muchiGiriki pausis - kugumisa, kumira; lat. silentium kana pausa, Italian. kumbomira, kunyarara kweFrench kana kumbomira, eng. kunyarara kana kuzorora
Kuputsika mukunzwika kweimwe, akati wandei kana ese manzwi eMusesi anogara kwenguva yakati. inoshanda, pamwe chete nechiratidzo chemumhanzi chinoratidza kuputsa uku mukunzwika. In great instr. munziyo, ensembles, kwaya uye mumitambo yakawanda yeopera, kuparuka kweruzha kunonzi kumbomira kwese.
Pfungwa yeP. yakatomiririrwa mumimhanzi yekare. dzidziso, iyo yairangarira mitsetse yose isina kururama yenhetembo seyakarurama yakapfupikiswa nokumbomira; P. yairatidzwa nechiratidzo ^ (nezvimwe zviratidzo zvokumira kwenguva refu); P., kutyora imwe mita, vaizivikanwawo. Mune zvisiri zvepfungwa (ona Nevma) uye choral notation, pakanga pasina zviratidzo zveP., zvisinei, pane imwe nhanho mukuvandudzwa kwekwaya notation, mipendero yezvikamu zverwiyo yakatanga kuratidzwa nemutsara wekuparadzanisa. Nekuuya kwepolyphony, chimiro ichi chakava chiratidzo chekumira kupfupi kwehurefu husingaverengeki. Kudomwa kwekumbomira kunosiyaniswa neurefu hwenguva kwakaunzwa nayo nechiratidzo chemwedzi. Kunyangwe munguva yayo yekutanga (zana ramakore rechi 12-13), panguva dzese dzakashandiswa dzenziyo dzenziyo, zviratidzo zvinoenderana zveP. , yakaenzana ne semibrevis; marongero ezvimwe zvacho akazochinja.
Nekuiswa kwezvinyorwa zviduku - minima, semiminima, fusa uye semifusa - zviratidzo zveP., zvakaenzana nehurefu hwavo, zvakakweretwa kubva kune tablature system.
Muzana ramakore rechi 16 hurongwa hwekucherechedzwa kwekumbomira hwakatora zvinotevera:
Kumbomira kwe mensural notation
Mumazuva ano P. inoshandiswa mukunyora kwenziyo: yakazara, hafu, kota, yechisere, yegumi nematanhatu, makumi matatu nechipiri, makumi matanhatu neina, uye dzimwe nguva - breve, yakaenzana muhurefu hwemanotsi maviri akazara. Kuwedzera nguva yeP. ne 1/2, 1/2 + 1/4, 1/2 + 1/4 + 1/8, nezvimwewo, pamwe nekuwedzera nguva yenoti, madonhwe anoshandiswa. . Kumbomira muchiyero chose, zvisinei nekukura kwayo, kunoratidzwa nechiratidzo P., yakaenzana nenoti yakazara. P. mu 2-4 zviyero zvinoratidzwa pachishandiswa zviratidzo zvakakweretwa kubva ku mensural notation, P., yakaenzana nenhamba huru yezviyero, kuburikidza nekutevedzana kwezviratidzo izvi kana nerubatsiro rwezviratidzo zvakakosha zvekumbomira kwakawedzerwa nenhamba dzakanyorwa pamusoro padzo. zvinoenderana nehuwandu hwezviyero zvekumbomira.
Kumbomira kwezvinyorwa zvemazuva ano
Kana pakutanga P. ainyanya kureva kutaura kwe melodic. manzwi, zvishoma nezvishoma akatanga kushandiswa mukati memutinhimira. maumbirwo, zvichiva zvakakosha kutaura. zvinoreva. Sekutaura kwakaita X. Riemann, kumbomira kwakadaro hakuna “zero”, asi “negative” zvinoreva, zvinokanganisa zvakanyanya kutaurika kwemuses yapfuura uye inotevera. kuvaka. Inotaura nemienzaniso. kumbomira kunogona kushanda semienzaniso yakawanda yekirasi. mimhanzi, semuenzaniso. "Dingindira rekupedzisira" kubva muchikamu chekutanga cheBeethoven's 1th symphony, apo P. anodzamisa zvinoshamisa. chimiro chemimhanzi, kana rwiyo rwerudo rwaTchaikovsky "Pakati peBhora Rinonzwika", apo mumvuri wekushungurudzika kwekufema kwepakati unonyanya kubatanidzwa nekushandiswa kwekumbomira. Ona Mensural notation, Rhythm.
Mune imwe Russian. dzidziso yemimhanzi panguva yekuchinja kubva kune hook notation kuenda kusquare notation, pakanga paine hurongwa hwayo hwekusarudza kumbomira: edna - yakazara, eu (kana es) - hafu, matanda (matanda) - kota, sep kana sema - yechisere; shamwari - zviyero zviviri; chechitatu - zviyero zvitatu, chvarta - zviyero zvina, nezvimwe.
References: Diletsky H., Muimbi Grammar, (St. Petersburg), 1910.
VA Vakhromeev
