Nziyo dzevanhu vekare

Pasinei nekusakwana kwetekinoroji kwezviridzwa uye kushaikwa kwemitoo yekugadzira ruzha rwekugadzira, vanhu vekare vaisagona kufungidzira hupenyu hwavo pasina mimhanzi, iyo yakabatana nehupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu zviuru zvemakore apfuura.

Zvisinei, zviyo chete zvenhaka yevanhu vekare zvakauya kwatiri, uye zvakanakisisa tinogona kufungidzira pamusoro pazvo chete kubva kumabhuku ezvinyorwa. Nekudaro, hunyanzvi hwemumhanzi hweSumer neDynastic Egypt, nekuda kwekushaikwa kwakashata kwezvinobva zvakadaro, hazvigoneke kuumbazve.

Uye zvakadaro, vanochera matongo vakaunza munguva yemazuva ano chikamu chiduku chenguva dzakaenda, uye vaimbi, maererano netsanangudzo dzezvakaitika kare, vari kuedza kuzadza mapeji mukuverengwa kwetsika dzevanhu nemafungiro akaenzana. Uye tinokukoka kuti uvazive.

Mitanni (XVII-XIII mazana emakore BC)

Nziyo dzeHurrian muunganidzwa wenziyo dzakanyorwa pamahwendefa madiki evhu, asi hapana kana 36 mahwendefa akadaro akapona zvachose. Parizvino, ndivo vekare vasara mumhanzi zviyeuchidzo, kusikwa kunonzi 1400-1200 BC.

Zvinyorwa zvakanyorwa mumutauro wevaHurrians, madzitateguru evanhu veArmenian, vaigara munharaunda yeSyria yemazuva ano, kwavakatanga nyika yavo yeKhanigalbat kana Mitanni. Mutauro wavo wakave usina kunyatsodzidzwa zvekuti kududzirwa kwemazwi enziyo ichiri nyaya yekukakavadzana, pamwe nemimhanzi, sezvo nyanzvi dzichipa shanduro dzakasiyana dze decoding yemimhanzi cuneiform.

Girisi yekare (XI remakore BC - 330 AD)

Mimhanzi muHellas yakaita basa guru, kunyanya, yaiva imwe yezvikamu zvikuru zvenyaya inoshamisa, sezvo panguva iyoyo kugadzirwa kwemitambo, kuwedzera kune vateereri, kwaisanganisira kwaya yevanhu 12-15, iyo yaienderana nemufananidzo. nekuimba uye nekutamba kune anoperekedza. Zvisinei, mitambo yeAeschylus neSophocles yakarasikirwa nechinhu ichi munzira munguva yedu, uye inogona kungozadzikiswa nerubatsiro rwekuvakazve.

Parizvino, yose yekare yechiGiriki nhaka yemimhanzi inomiririrwa nemhando imwe chete, inozivikanwa seEpitaph yeSeikila, yakanyorwa muzana remakore rokutanga AD. Yakanga yakavezwa padombo remabhura pamwe chete namashoko, uye nemhaka yokusimba kwechinhu chacho, rwiyo rwacho rwakadzika kwatiri rose zvarwo, ruchiita kuti rive basa rekaresa rakapedzwa.

Nzvimbo chete isingaverengeki murugwaro inyaya: angave Seykil akatsaurira chinyorwa kumukadzi wake, kana airatidzika kunge mwanakomana wemukadzi anonzi "Euterpos", asi mazwi erwiyo akajeka:

Paunenge uchirarama, penya Usatombo kusuwa. Hupenyu hunopiwa kwenguva pfupi Uye nguva inoda kupera.

Roma yekare (754 BC - 476 AD)

Panyaya yenhaka yemimhanzi, vaRoma vakapfuura vaGiriki - imwe yemhando yepamusoro-soro haina kusiya zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi zvachose, saka tinogona kuumba pfungwa pamusoro payo chete pahwaro hwezvinyorwa zvinyorwa.

Nhumbi yezvombo zveRoma yekare yakazadzikiswa kuburikidza nekukwereta: mbira uye kithara zvakakweretwa kubva kuvaGiriki, vane hunyanzvi muhunyanzvi uhu, lute yakabva kuMesopotamia, tuba yebronze yeRoma, analogue yepombi yemazuva ano, yakapihwa neEtruscans. .

Kuwedzera kwavari, nyere dzemhepo dzakapfava uye mapanhire, tympans, makwakwakwa esimbi, analogue yemakandira, crotals, madzitateguru e castanets, pamwe neiyo hydraulic organ (hydravlos), iyo inoshamisa neyakaomesesa dhizaini, isingawanzo kune iyo. era, anoshandiswa, zvisinei, ese aya kana maHellenes.

Zvakadaro, zvimwe zviyeuchidzo zvemumhanzi zvechiKristu zvinogonawo kuverengerwa kunguva yekare yeRoma, zvisinei kuti inganzwika sei kumhura maererano neiyo yekupedzisira munhevedzano yehukama hwakaoma pakati penyika yakawa nechitendero chitsva, asi chete maererano nekuverenga nguva.

Ambrose weMilan (340-397), Bhishopi weMilan, achiri kuwana nguva dzamambo pamusoro penyika yakabatana, asi mabasa ake ane hutsika husina magumo haafanire kuve akabatana neRoma yekare, kunyanya nekukura kwayo.