Martti Talvela (Martti Talvela) |

Martti Talvela

Finland yakapa pasi rose vaimbi nevaimbi vakawanda, kubva kune ane mukurumbira Aino Akte kusvika kune nyeredzi Karita Mattila. Asi muimbi weFinnish ndiye wekutanga uye wepamusoro bass, tsika yekuFinnish yekuimba kubva kuna Kim Borg inopfuudzwa kubva kuchizvarwa kuenda kune chimwe chizvarwa nemabhesi. Kurwisana neMediterranean "vatatu tenors", Holland akaisa ma countertenors matatu, Finland - matatu mabhesi: Matti Salminen, Jaakko Ryuhanen uye Johan Tilly vakanyora dhisiki yakafanana pamwe chete. Mune ino ketani yetsika, Martti Talvela ndiye goridhe link.

Classical Finnish bass muchitarisiko, rudzi rwezwi, repertoire, nhasi, makore gumi nemaviri mushure mekufa kwake, atova ngano yeFinnish opera.

Martti Olavi Talvela akaberekwa muna Kukadzi 4, 1935 muKarelia, muHiitol. Asi mhuri yake haina kugara ikoko kwenguva refu, nokuti somugumisiro we "hondo yechando" ye1939-1940, chikamu ichi cheKarelia chakashanduka kuva nzvimbo yakavharwa yemuganhu munharaunda yeSoviet Union. Muimbi haana kukwanisa kushanyira nzvimbo dzake dzekuzvarwa zvakare, kunyange akashanyira Russia kanopfuura kamwe. MuMoscow, akanzwika muna 1976, paakaita mukonzati pamhemberero yegore re200 yeBolshoi Theater. Zvino, gore rakatevera, akauya zvakare, akaimba mumitambo yemitambo yemadzimambo maviri - Boris naFiripi.

Basa rekutanga raTalvela mudzidzisi. Nekuda kwekupedzisira, akagamuchira dhipuroma yemudzidzisi muguta reSavonlinna, umo mune ramangwana aifanira kuimba zvakanyanya uye kwenguva yakareba achitungamirira mutambo mukuru weOpera muScandinavia. Basa rake rekuimba rakatanga muna 1960 nekukunda pamakwikwi muguta reVasa. Mushure mekuita dhipatimendi rake mugore rimwechete muStockholm saSparafucile, Talvela akaimba ipapo kwemakore maviri paRoyal Opera, achienderera mberi nezvidzidzo zvake.

Basa repasi rose raMartti Talvela rakatanga nekukurumidza - hofori yekuFinnish yakabva yave mufarwa wepasi rese. Muna 1962, akaita muBayreuth seTiturel - uye Bayreuth yakava imwe yenzvimbo dzake huru dzekugara muzhizha. Muna 1963 aive Grand Inquisitor kuLa Scala, muna 1965 aive Mambo Heinrich kuVienna Staatsoper, muna 19 aive Hunding muSalzburg, muna 7 aive Grand Inquisitor paMet. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri, mabhaisikopo ake makuru ndiDeutsche Oper uye Metropolitan Opera, uye zvikamu zvikuru madzimambo eWagnerian Mark naDaland, Verdi's Philip naFiesco, Mozart's Sarastro.

Talvela akaimba nevaimbi vakuru venguva yake - naKarajan, Solti, Knappertsbusch, Levine, Abbado. Karl Böhm anofanirwa kunyanya kusarudzwa - Talvela anogona kunzi muimbi weBöhm. Kwete chete nekuti mabhesi ekuFinnish aiwanzoita naBöhm uye akarekodha akawanda emhando yepamusoro opera uye oratorio naye: Fidelio naGwyneth Jones, The Four Seasons naGundula Janowitz, Don Giovanni naFischer-Dieskau, Birgit Nilsson naMartina Arroyo, Rhine Gold. , Tristan und Isolde naBirgit Nilsson, Wolfgang Windgassen naChrista Ludwig. Vaimbi vaviri ava vari pedyo zvikuru kune mumwe nemumwe mukuita kwavo maitiro, mhando yekutaura, yakanyatso wanikwa musanganiswa wesimba uye kuzvidzora, imwe mhando yekuzvarwa yekuda kwe classicism, kune impeccably inopindirana kuita dramaturgy, iyo mumwe nemumwe akavaka ega. ndima.

Kukunda kwekunze kweTalvela kwakapindura kumba nechimwe chinhu chinopfuura kuremekedza munhu ane mukurumbira. KuFinland, makore ekuita kwaTalvela ndiwo makore e "opera boom". Uku hakusi chete kukura kwekuteerera nekuona veruzhinji, kuzvarwa kwemakambani madiki-akazvimirira ega ega mumaguta nemataundi mazhinji, kubudirira kwechikoro chemazwi, kutanga kwechizvarwa chose chevatyairi veopera. Uku ndikowo kugadzirwa kwevanyori, izvo zvatove zvakajairika, zvinozviratidza. Muna 2000, munyika ine mamiriyoni mashanu evanhu, 5 premieres yemitambo mitsva yakaitika - chishamiso chinomutsa godo. Munyaya yekuti zvakaitika, Martti Talvela akaita basa rakakosha - nemuenzaniso wake, mukurumbira wake, mutemo wake wakachenjera muSavonlinna.

Mutambo we opera wezhizha munhare yeOlavinlinna yemakore mazana mashanu, iyo yakakomberedzwa neguta reSavonlinna, yakatangwa kare muna 500 naAino Akte. Kubva panguva iyo, yakavhiringidzwa, ndokubva yatangazve, kurwisana nemvura, mhepo (kwakanga kusina denga rakavimbika pamusoro pechivanze chenhare apo mitambo inoitwa kusvikira zhizha rapfuura) uye matambudziko emari asingagumi - hazvisi nyore kuunganidza vateereri vakawanda ve opera. pakati pemasango nemadziva. Talvela akatora mutambo uyu muna 1907 ndokuutungamira kwemakore masere. Iyi yakanga iri nguva yakasimba; Savonlinna yanga iri opera mecca yeScandinavia kubvira ipapo. Talvela akashanda pano semunyori wemitambo, akapa mutambo uyu chimiro chepasirese, akausanganisa mune yepasirose opera mamiriro. Mhedzisiro yemutemo uyu kufarirwa kwemitambo munhare iri kure nemiganhu yeFinland, kuwanda kwevashanyi, uko nhasi kunovimbisa kuvepo kwakasimba kwemutambo.

MuSavonlinna, Talvela akaimba akawanda emabasa ake epamusoro: Boris Godunov, muporofita Paavo muJonas Kokkonen's The Last Temptation. Uye rimwe basa rechiratidzo: Sarastro. Kugadzirwa kweThe Magic Flute, yakaitwa muSavonlinna muna 1973 nemutungamiriri August Everding uye conductor Ulf Söderblom, yave imwe yezviratidzo zvemutambo. Mune repertoire yanhasi, Iyo Flute ndiyo inoremekedzwa kuita iyo ichiri kumutsiridzwa (zvisinei nekuti isingawanzo kugadzirwa inogara pano kweanopfuura makore maviri kana matatu). Talvela-Sarastro anoyevedza akapfeka jasi reorenji, aine zuva pachifuva chake, ave kuonekwa semukurumbira weSavonlinna, uye panguva iyoyo aive nemakore makumi matatu nemasere (akatanga kuimba Titurel pa38)! Kwemakore, iyo pfungwa yeTalvel yakaumbwa seyakakura, isingazungunuke block, sekunge ine chekuita nemadziro neshongwe dzeOlavinlinna. Pfungwa yacho ndeyenhema. Sezvineiwo, kune mavhidhiyo emutambi ane nimble uye agile ane makuru, maitiro ekukurumidza. Uye kune zvakarekodhwa zvinopa mufananidzo wechokwadi wemuimbi, kunyanya mukamuri repertoire - Martti Talvela akaimba mumhanzi wekamuri kwete nguva nenguva, pakati pemitambo yemitambo, asi nguva dzose, achienderera mberi achipa makonzati pasi rese. Repertoire yake yaisanganisira nziyo naSibelius, Brahms, Wolf, Mussorgsky, Rachmaninoff. Uye waifanira kuimba sei kuti ukunde Vienna nenziyo dzeSchubert pakati pemakore ekuma27? Pamwe nzira yaakazorekodha Rwendo Rwechando nemuimbi wepiyano Ralph Gotoni (1960). Talvela anoratidza pano kuchinjika kwekatsi yeinzwi, kunzwisiswa kunoshamisa uye nekukurumidza kunoshamisa kwekuita kune zvidiki zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi. Uye simba guru. Kuteerera kurekodhwa uku, unonzwa panyama kuti anotungamira sei mutambi wepiyano. Kutanga kuseri kwake, kuverenga, subtext, fomu uye dramaturgy zvinobva kwaari, uye mune yega yega yeiyi dudziro yenziyo inonakidza munhu anogona kunzwa hungwaru hwehungwaru hwagara huchisiyanisa Talvela.

Imwe yeakanakisa mifananidzo yemuimbi ndeye shamwari yake uye waanoshanda naye Yevgeny Nesterenko. Pane imwe nguva Nesterenko akanga achishanyira bhesi reFinnish mumba make muInkilyanhovi. Ikoko, pamhenderekedzo yegungwa, paiva ne "black bathhouse", yakavakwa makore anenge 150 apfuura: "Takatora bhati remhepo, saka nenzira yakasikwa takapinda muhurukuro. Tinogara pamatombo, varume vaviri vakashama. Uye tiri kutaura. Nezvei? Ndicho chinhu chikuru! Martti anobvunza, semuenzaniso, kuti ndinodudzira sei Shostakovich's Fourteenth Symphony. Uye heino Nziyo dzaMussorgsky neMadhanzi eRufu: une zvinyorwa zviviri - yekutanga wakaita nenzira iyi, uye yechipiri neimwe nzira. Sei, chii chinotsanangura. Zvichingoenda zvakadaro. Ndinoreurura kuti muhupenyu hwangu handina kumbowana mukana wekutaura nezve art nevaimbi. Isu tinotaura nezve chero chinhu, asi kwete nezvematambudziko eunyanzvi. Asi naMartti takataura zvakawanda nezve art! Uyezve, isu takanga tisingatauri nezve maitiro ekuita chimwe chinhu tekinoroji, zvirinani kana zvakanyanya, asi nezve zviri mukati. Aya ndiwo matorero atakaita nguva tapedza kugeza."

Zvichida iyi ndiyo inonyanya kutorwa mufananidzo - hurukuro pamusoro peSymphony yeShostakovich mubhati rekuFinnish. Nekuti Martti Talvela, nehupamhi hwayo uye netsika huru, mukuimba kwake akabatanidza hungwaru hwechiGerman hwekuratidzwa kwechinyorwa neItalian cantilena, akaramba ari munhu akasarudzika munyika yeopera. Uyu mufananidzo wake unoshandiswa zvine hungwaru mu "Abduction kubva kuSeraglio" inotungamirwa naAugust Everding, uko Talvela anoimba Osmina. Chii chinonzi Turkey naKarelia zvakafanana? Exotic. Pane chimwe chinhu chakakosha, chine simba, chakasvibira uye chisingafadzi pamusoro paOsmin Talvely, chiitiko chake naBlondchen inyanzvi.

Ichi chinoshamisa chekuMadokero, chifananidzo chine hutsinye, chinogara chichiperekedza muimbi, hachina kupera nekufamba kwemakore. Pane zvinopesana, yakawedzera zvakajeka, uye pedyo neWagnerian, Mozartian, Verdian mabasa, basa re "Russian bass" rakasimbiswa. Muma1960 kana 1970s, Talvela yainzwika kuMetropolitan Opera munenge chero repertoire: dzimwe nguva aive Grand Inquisitor muDon Carlos pasi pebaton yaAbbado (Philippa akaimbwa naNikolai Gyaurov, uye bass duet yavo yaizivikanwa pamwe chete senge. classic) , zvino iye, pamwe naTeresa Stratas naNikolai Gedda, vanoonekwa muThe Bartered Bride inotungamirwa naLevine. Asi mumwaka wake mina yekupedzisira, Talvela akauya kuNew York chete nemazita matatu: Khovanshchina (naNeeme Jarvi), Parsifal (pamwe naLevine), Khovanshchina zvakare uye Boris Godunov (pamwe neConlon). Dositheus, Titurel uye Boris. Anopfuura makore makumi maviri ekubatana ne "Met" inopera nemapato maviri eRussia.

Musi wa16 Zvita, 1974, Talvela akaimba nekukunda Boris Godunov paMetropolitan Opera. Iyo yemitambo yakabva yatendeukira kuMussorgsky yekutanga orchestration kekutanga (Thomas Schippers yakaitwa). Makore maviri gare gare, shanduro iyi yakatanga kunyorwa muKatowice, inotungamirirwa naJerzy Semkow. Akakomberedzwa neboka rePoland, Martti Talvela akaimba Boris, Nikolai Gedda akaimba Pretender.

Ichi chinyorwa chinonakidza zvikuru. Vatove vakatotsunga uye vasingadzoreki vakadzokera kushanduro yemunyori, asi vachiri kuimba uye kutamba sekunge mamakisi akanyorwa neruoko rwaRimsky-Korsakov. Kwaya neorchestra inorira zvakakamirwa zvinoyevedza, yakazadzwa, yakatenderedzwa zvakakwana, cantilena inoimbwa zvakanyanya, uye Semkov kazhinji, kunyanya mumitambo yePolish, anokwevera zvese kunze uye anokwevera kunze tempo. Academic "Central European" kugara zvakanaka kunoputika hakuna mumwe kunze kwaMartti Talvela. Ari kuvaka chikamu chake zvakare, semunyori wemitambo. Muchiitiko chekugadziriswa, regal bass inonzwika - yakadzika, yakasviba, yakawanda. Uye zvishoma zve "rudzi rwenyika": zvishoma zvishoma zvekumhanya-mhanya, mumutsara wokuti "Uye ikoko kudana vanhu kumabiko" - hunyanzvi hweushingi. Asi ipapo Talvela akaparadzana nehumambo uye kushinga zviri nyore uye pasina kuzvidemba. Pangosvika Boris akatarisana naShuisky, maitiro anochinja zvakanyanya. Iyi haisati iri "kutaura" kwaChaliapin, kuimba kunoshamisa kwaTalvela - asi Sprechgesang. Talvela pakarepo anotanga chiitiko naShuisky nechisimba chepamusoro-soro chemasimba, kwete kwechipiri kuderedza kupisa. Chii chichatevera kuitika? Uyezve, apo chimes inotanga kutamba, phantasmagoria yakakwana mumweya wekutaura ichatanga, uye Jerzy Semkov, uyo anochinja asingazivikanwi mumifananidzo naTalvela-Boris, achatipa Mussorgsky akadaro sezvatinoziva nhasi - pasina kana kugunzva mwero wezvidzidzo.

Pedyo nechiitiko ichi pane chiitiko mukamuri naXenia naTheodore, uye chiitiko cherufu (zvakare naTheodore), iyo Talvela inounza pamwe chete pamwe chete nekutinhira kwezwi rake, iyo yekudziya kwakakosha yekurira, chakavanzika chayo. aiva muridzi. Nekusiyanisa kunze uye nekubatanidza pamwe chete zvese zviri zviviri zviitiko zveBoris nevana, anoita seanopa tsar nehunhu hwehunhu hwake. Uye pakupedzisa, anobayira runako uye kuzara kwepamusoro "E" (yaaive nayo yaive yakanakisa, panguva imwechete yakareruka uye yakazara) nekuda kwechokwadi chemufananidzo ... Uye kuburikidza nekutaura kwaBoris, kwete, kwete, hongu, “nyaya” dzaWagner dzinodongorera – mumwe anoyeuka asingazivi kuti Mussorgsky akatamba nemusoro chiitiko chekuonekana kwaWotan kuBrunnhilde.

Pamabhesi emazuva ano ekuMadokero anoimba zvakanyanya Mussorgsky, Robert Hall angangove ari padyo neTalvela: kuda kuziva kwakafanana, chinangwa chimwechete, kutarisisa mushoko rega rega, kusimba kwakafanana uko vaimbi vese vari kutsvaga zvinoreva uye kugadzirisa matauriro ekutaura. Hungwaru hwaTalvela hwakamumanikidza kuti atarise zvese zvebasa achiongorora.

Kana mabhesi eRussia achiri kashoma kuita kuMadokero, Martti Talvela airatidzika kuvatsiva mukusaina zvikamu zveRussia. Aive neruzivo rwakasiyana rweizvi - kukura kwakakura, chivakwa chine simba, izwi rakakura, rakasviba. Dudziro dzake dzinopupurira kuti akapinda sei zvakavanzika zveChaliapin - Yevgeny Nesterenko atotiudza kuti Martti Talvela akakwanisa sei kuteerera zvinyorwa zvevamwe vake. Murume ane tsika dzemuEurope uye muimbi ainyatsogona hunyanzvi hwekuEurope hwese, Talvela anogona kunge akaratidzira chiroto chedu chemabhasi eRussia mune chimwe chinhu chiri nani, chakakwana kupfuura zvingaitwa nevanhu vedu. Uye shure kwezvose, akaberekerwa muKarelia, munharaunda yeyaimbova Humambo hweRussia uye ikozvino Russian Federation, munguva pfupi yezvakaitika kare apo nyika iyi yaiva Finnish.

Anna Bulycheva, Big Magazine yeBolshoi Theatre, Nhamba 2, 2001