Lilli Lehmann |

Lilli Lehmann

muimbi akangwara

Ndiye iye, nechidzitiro chakasimudzwa, akambotuka muridzi webhendi ne“mbongoro”, akarova mupepeti mukuru werimwe bepanhau akabudisa mashoko anonyadzisa nezvake, akagumisa chibvumirano nedare remitambo paakanga ari. akaramba zororo refu, akaomesa musoro uye akaomerera, kana paine zvaipesana nezvaaida, uye muhoro dzinoyera dzeBayreuth akatoshinga kuramba Cosima Wagner pachake.

Saka, pamberi pedu pane prima donna chaiyo? Mupfungwa yakazara yeshoko. Kwemakore makumi maviri, Lilly Lehman aionekwa semukadzi wekutanga mune opera, angangoita muGerman kugadzira denderedzwa uye mhiri kwemakungwa. Aidururirwa nemaruva uye akapiwa mazita, nziyo dzerumbidzo dzakagadzirwa pamusoro pake, aipiwa rukudzo rwemarudzi ose; uye kunyangwe asina kumbobvira awana mukurumbira mukuru waJenny Lind kana Patty, kubvutwa kwaakakotamiswa nako - uye pakati pevaiyemura Leman pakanga paine vanhu vakakosha - kwakangokura kubva pane izvi.

Vakakoshesa kwete chete inzwi remuimbi, asiwo unyanzvi hwake uye unhu hwevanhu. Chokwadi, zvaisazomboitika kumunhu upi noupi kuti adzokorore mashoko aRichard Wagner pamusoro pake, akataura pamusoro peSchroeder-Devrient mukuru, uyo anonzi “haana inzwi.” Soprano Lilly Leman haagoni kunzi chipo chechisikigo, pamberi apo munhu anogona kungokotama mukuyemura; virtuoso inzwi, runako rwayo uye siyana, yakambosvika pakukura kwayo munzira yose yekusika, yakaramba ichiita basa rekutanga: asi kwete sechipo chinobva kumusoro, asi semugumisiro wekushanda kusina simba. Panguva iyoyo, pfungwa dzaLeman, imwe-ye-a-kind prima, dzakatorwa nehunyanzvi hwekuimba, kuumbwa kwenzwi, psychology uye kurongeka chaiko mukuimba. Akaratidza mafungiro ake mubhuku rinonzi "My Vocal Art", iro muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri rakaramba riri gwara rinokosha kune mazwi kwenguva yakareba. Muimbi wacho pachake akaratidza kururamisa kwedzidziso dzake: nekuda kwemaitiro ake asina kunaka, Leman akachengetedza simba uye kusimba kwezwi rake, uye kunyange mukukwegura kwake akakunda zvachose chikamu chakaoma chaDonna Anna!

Adeline Patti, izwi rinoshamisa, akaitawo zvakanaka kusvika mukukwegura. Paakabvunzwa kuti chakavanzika chekuimba chii, aiwanzopindura achinyemwerera kuti: “Aa, handizivi!” Achinyemwerera, aida kuita seasina maturo. Genius nechisikigo kazhinji haazive iyo yekupedzisira "sei" mune art! Musiyano unoshamisa zvakadini naLilly Lehman nemafungiro ake okugadzira zvinhu! Kana Patty "asingazivi chinhu", asi aiziva zvose, Leman aiziva zvose, asi panguva imwe chete kusava nechokwadi mano ake.

“Nhanho nenhanho ndiyo chete nzira yatingavandudza. Asi kuti uwane unyanzvi hwepamusoro, unyanzvi hwekuimba hwakanyanya kuoma, uye hupenyu hupfupi. Kureurura kwakadaro kubva mumiromo yemumwe muimbi chero upi zvake angadai akanzwika semashoko akaisvonaka kubhuku rekunyora revadzidzi vake. Kune muiti uye mushandi asinganeti Lilly Lehman, mazwi aya haasi chinhu kunze kweruzivo rwechokwadi.

Aive asiri mwana mudiki uye "aisagona kuzvirumbidza nezwi rinoshamisa kubva paudiki", pane kudaro, aive nezwi rakachenuruka, uye kunyangwe neasthma. Lilly paakapinzwa muimba yemitambo, akanyorera amai vake kuti: “Handina kumbofunga kuti kwaiva nemanzwi asina ruvara kupfuura angu, asi pano vamwe vaimbi vatanhatu vane manzwi asina simba kupfuura angu vakavimbisana kuroorana.” Igwara rakadii rakafambiswa kune ane mukurumbira anoshamisa Leonora kubva kuFidelio uye muimbi ane gamba weWagner's Bayreuth! Ari munzira iyi, hapana kukwirisa kana kusimuka kwemeteoric kwakamumirira.

NaLilly Lehman munhandare yedhiva kwakauya muimbi akangwara, ane ruzivo; ruzivo runowanikwa haruna kugumira pakuvandudzwa kwezwi chete, asi zvinoita sekunge ivo vanogadzira madenderedzwa ari kuwedzera akapoteredza nzvimbo inomira munhu anoimba. Uyu mukadzi akachenjera, anozvivimba uye ane simba anoratidzirwa nechishuwo chepasi rose. Sechikamu cheunyanzvi hwedariro, hunosimbiswa nekupfuma kwerepertoire yekuimba. Nezuro chaiye muBerlin, Lehman akaimba chikamu cheEnkhen kubva kuThe Free Gunner, uye nhasi atooneka pachikuva cheLondon Covent Garden seIsolde. Ko soubrette isina maturo kubva mumutambo wekomiki uye heroine inoshamisa zvakagara sei mumunhu mumwe chete? Kusarudzika kunoshamisa Lehman akachengeta muhupenyu hwake hwese. Mutsigiri waWagner, akawana ushingi pakukwirira kwechitendero cheGermany cheWagner kuti azvizivise mutsigiri weVerdi's La Traviata uye kusarudza Norma Bellini sepati yake yaanofarira; Mozart akanga asina makwikwi, hupenyu hwake hwose akaramba ari "nyika yemimhanzi".

Mukukura, mushure me opera, Leman akakunda horo dzekonti semuimbi ane hunyanzvi hwekamuri, uye paakanyanya kuona, kunzwa nekudzidza, zvishoma basa reprima donna rakapindura chishuwo chake chekukwana. Muimbi, nenzira yake, akanetsekana nemitambo yemitambo yaitonga kunyangwe pamatanho akakurumbira, pakupedzisira kuita semutungamiriri: chiitiko chisingaenzaniswi uye chitsva chenguva iyoyo.

Praeceptor Operae Germanicae (Tenzi weGerman Opera - Lat.), Muimbi, mutungamiriri, murongi wemitambo, mushambadzi wekuvandudzwa kwaakatsigira nesimba, munyori uye mudzidzisi - zvese izvi zvakabatanidzwa nemukadzi wepasi rose. Zviri pachena kuti chimiro chaLeman hachikodzeri mune zvechinyakare pfungwa nezve prima donna. Zvinyadzi, mubhadharo wakanaka, nyaya dzerudo izvo zvakapa kutaridzika kweopera divas mumvuri wehupenzi - hapana chakadai chinogona kuwanikwa mubasa raLeman. Upenyu hwemuimbi hwakasiyaniswa nekureruka kwakafanana sezita rake rine mwero. Izvo zvishuwo zvinokatyamadza zveSchroeder-Devrient, kuda kwaMalibran, makuhwa (kunyangwe akawedzera) nezvekuzviuraya kwevanoshuvira vanoda Patti kana Nilsson - zvese izvi hazvigone kusanganiswa nemukadzi uyu ane simba webhizinesi.

"Kukura kwepamusoro, mafomu akakura ane mbiri uye akayerwa mafambiro. Maoko emambokadzi, kunaka kunoshamisa kwemutsipa uye kusakwana kwemusoro, kunowanikwa chete mumhuka dzakanyatsogadzirwa. Yakacheneswa nevhudzi jena, isingadi kuvanza zera remuridzi wavo, kutarisa kunobaya kwemaziso matema, mhino huru, muromo wakanyatsotsanangurwa. Paakanyemwerera, chiso chake chakafinyama chakafukidzwa nechiedza chezuva chepamusoro, kuzvininipisa uye kunyengedza.

L. Andro, anoyemura tarenda rake, akatora mukadzi ane makore makumi matanhatu mumufananidzo wake "Lilli Leman". Iwe unogona kutarisa mufananidzo wemuimbi zvakadzama, uchienzanisa nemifananidzo yenguva iyoyo, unogona kuedza kuipedzisa mundima, asi mufananidzo wakasimba we prima donna ucharamba usina kuchinja. Uyu mukadzi akwegura, asi achiri kuremekedzwa uye anozvivimba haafaniri kunzi akachengetwa kana phlegmatic. Muhupenyu hwake pachake, pfungwa dzakatsoropodza dzakamuyambira pamusoro pezviito zvisina maturo. Mubhuku rake My Way, Lehman anoyeuka kupotsa kwaakaita apo, pakudzidzira muBayreuth, Richard Wagner akamusuma, achiri mudiki mutambi ari pachikumbaridzo chemukurumbira, kumubatsiri wekugadzira Fritz Brandt. Rwakanga rwuri rudo pakutanga pakuona, pamativi ese ari maviri aisimbisa hupenyu uye erudo, iyo inowanikwa chete mumabhuku echisikana. Zvichakadaro, jaya rakaratidza kuva negodo rinotyisa, akatambudza uye akatambudza Lilly nefungidziro dzisina musoro kutozosvikira iye pakupedzisira, pashure pehondo refu yomukati iyo yakapotsa yarasikirwa noupenyu hwake, akagura kubatanidzwa. Kunyanya rugare kwaive kuroora kwake kuna tenor Paul Kalisch, vaiwanzoita pamwe chete padanho rimwe chete, nguva refu Leman asati amuroora muhukuru.

Zviitiko zviya zvisingawanzoitiki apo muimbi wacho airatidza manzwiro ake akanga asina chokuita nezvinowanzoitika zve prima donnas, asi zvakavanza zvikonzero zvakadzika, nokuti zvine chokuita nehukama hwepedyo - unyanzvi. Mupepeti wepepanhau reBerlin, achifunga nezvekubudirira kusingaperi kwemakuhwa, akaburitsa chinyorwa chenhema chine ruzivo rwakanaka kubva muhupenyu hwemuimbi wechidiki weopera. Yaiti Remani akanga asina kuroora aitarisira mwana. Kufanana namwarikadzi wokutsiva, muimbi wacho aioneka muhofisi yevapepeti venhau, asi rudzi urwu runosiririsa nguva dzose rwaiedza kunzvenga mutoro. Kechitatu, Leman akamhanyira kwaari pamasitepisi uye haana kumupotsa. Apo mupepeti akatanga kubuda munzira dzose muhofisi, asingadi kudzongonyedza zvakanga zvataurwa, akamurova mbama inonaka kumeso. “Ndichichema, ndakadzokera kumba uye, mukuchema, ndaigona bedzi kudanidzira kuna amai vangu kuti: “Vawana!” Uye muridzi webhendi uyo Le Mans akadana dhongi parwendo muToronto, Canada? Akakanganisa Mozart - haisi mhosva here?

Akanga asinganzwisisi majee kana toreva nezvokudhirowa, kunyanya kana totaura nezvemudiwa wake Mozart. Ini ndaisagona kumira kuregeredza, mediocrity uye mediocrity, neruvengo rwakafanana ndakasangana nekupokana kwevatambi ve narcissistic uye kutsvaga kwekutanga. Mukudanana nevaimbi vakuru, haana kutamba, kwaive kunzwa kwakadzama, kwakakomba. Leman aigara achirota kuimba Leonora kubva kuBeethoven's Fidelio, uye paakatanga kuonekwa pachikuva mubasa iri, rakasikwa zvisingakanganwiki naSchroeder-Devrient, akapotsa afenda nemufaro wakawandisa. Panguva ino, akanga atoimba kwemakore gumi nemana paBerlin Court Opera, uye chete kurwara kwemuimbi wekutanga kunoshamisa kwakapa Leman mukana wakamirirwa kwenguva refu. Mubvunzo wemushandi wepa theatre, kana angada kutsiva, wakaita sebhaudhi kubva kublue - "akanyangarika, agamuchira mvumo yangu, uye ini, ndisingakwanisi kudzora manzwiro angu uye kudedera kwese, chaipo pandakanga ndakamira. , ndichichema zvikuru, ndakapfugama, uye misodzi inopisa yomufaro yakayerera pamaoko angu, maoko akapeta ndichitenda amai vangu, munhu wandinokwereta zvikuru! Zvakatora nguva ndisati ndapengenuka ndokubvunza kana ichi chiri chokwadi?! Ini ndiri Fidelio muBerlin! Mwari mukuru, ndini Fidelio!

Munhu anogona kufungidzira nokuzvikanganwa kwakadini, noukuru hwakadini hutsvene hwaakaita rutivi! Kubva ipapo, Leman haana kumbobvira aparadzana neiyi chete Beethoven opera. Gare gare, mubhuku rake, inova kosi pfupi yepfungwa inoshanda uye ruzivo, akapa ongororo kwete chete yebasa remusoro, asi nezvese mabasa ari mu opera iyi zvakazara. Mukuedza kuburitsa ruzivo rwake, kushandira hunyanzvi nemabasa ayo, tarenda remuimbi rekudzidzisa rinoratidzwa zvakare. Zita rekuti prima donna rakamumanikidza kuita zvikumbiro zvakakwirira kwete paari chete, asiwo kune vamwe. Basa kwaari ragara richibatanidzwa nemafungiro akadai sebasa uye mutoro. "Chero muoni anogutsikana nezvose zvakanakisisa - kunyanya kana zvasvika kune unyanzvi ... Muiti wemifananidzo akatarisana nebasa rekudzidzisa vateereri, kuratidza kubudirira kwake kwepamusoro, kukudzwa uye, kusateerera kutadza kwake, kuzadzisa chinangwa chake. kusvikira kumugumo,” akarayira kudaro . "Uye ani naani anotarisira hupfumi uye mafaro kubva muunyanzvi achakurumidza kujaira kuona muchinhu chake mukwereti, ane chikwereti chaachagara kwehupenyu hwake hwose, uye uyu mukwereti achatora mubereko usina tsitsi kubva kwaari."

Dzidzo, mishoni, basa rekudhirowa - rudzi rwemafungiro ane prima donna! Vanogona here kubva mumuromo waPatti, Pasta kana Catalani? Mutarisiri we<em>prima donnas dzomuzana ramakore rechigumi namapfumbamwe, Giacomo Rossini, muyemura wapachokwadi waBach naMozart, akanyora chinguvana asati afa, kuti: “Isu vokuItaly tingakanganwa here kwesekondi kuti mufaro ndicho chisakiso nenharidzano huru yenziyo.” Lilly Lehman anga asiri musungwa wehunyanzvi hwake, uye mumwe haagone kumuramba pfungwa yekuseka zvachose. "Kuseka, chinhu chinopa hupenyu zvakanyanya mune chero mutambo ... inguva yakakosha yemitambo yemitambo uye muhupenyu," munguva dzazvino mukutanga kwezana ramakore "inosundirwa kumashure mumaopera ese," muimbi kazhinji. vakanyunyuta. Mufaro ndiwo chisakiso nedonzo guru renziyo here? Aiwa, gomba risingafambikike rinomuparadzanisa kubva kune isina basa yeRossini, uye hazvishamise kuti mukurumbira waLeman hauna kupfuura nzvimbo dzechiGerman neAnglo-Saxon.

Zvinangwa zvaro zvakakweretwa zvachose kubva kuGerman humanism. Hongu, muLeman iwe unogona kuona mumiriri weiyo bourgeoisie huru kubva panguva yaMambo Wilhelm, akarerwa mutsika dzevanhu. Akava mufananidzo wezvinhu zvakanakisa zvenguva ino. Kubva pakuona kwezuva redu, tichidzidziswa neruzivo rwekutsveyamiswa kunotyisa kwepfungwa yenyika yeGermany yakaitika pasi paHitler, tinopa ongororo yakanyatsonaka yezvakanaka zvenguva iyoyo yakarongedzerwa uye mune zvakawanda zvenguva yecaricatured, iyo vafungi vakatanhamara Friedrich Nietzsche. uye Jakob Burckhardt akaisa chiedza chisina tsitsi. MuLilly Lehman iwe haungawani chero chinhu pamusoro pekuderera kwetsika, nezveGerman national anti-Semitism, nezve impudent megalomania, nezve inouraya "chinangwa chakaitwa". Akanga ari mudiwa chaiye, akamirira kukunda kwemauto eGermany muFrance, akachema rufu rwaMoltke pamwe chete neBerliners, uye kuremekedzwa kwechigaro cheumambo uye aristocracy, nekuda kwemuimbi weimba yeimba yeumambo hweumambo. Prussia, dzimwe nguva yaidzima maziso akanaka emuimbi, ane njere mubasa rake.<...>

Mbiru dzisingaparadziki dzedzidzo kuna Lilly Lehman dzaive Schiller, Goethe naShakespeare mumabhuku, uye Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Wagner naVerdi mumhanzi. Spiritual humanism yakabatanidzwa nebasa reumishinari rinoshingaira remuimbi. Lehman akamutsiridza Mutambo weMozart muSalzburg, uyo wakatyisidzirwa nematambudziko ane chiuru, akava mutsigiri wezvigadzirwa uye mumwe wevatangi vemutambo uyu, akatsigira nokushingaira uye asinganeti kudzivirira kuchengetedzwa kwemhuka, achiedza kukwezva pfungwa dzaBismarck pachake. Muimbi akaona kudana kwake kwechokwadi mune izvi. Mhuka uye nyika dzezvirimwa hazvina kuparadzaniswa kubva kune chinhu chayo chitsvene - unyanzvi, asi chaimiririra chete rumwe rutivi rwehupenyu mukubatana kwose kwekusiyana kwayo. Pane imwe nguva imba yemuimbi muScharfling paMondsee pedyo neSalzburg yakazadzwa nemvura, asi apo mvura yakaserera, sezviri pachena, pakanga pachine mhuka duku paberere, uye mukadzi ane ngoni weSamaria akadyisa kunyange zviremwaremwa namapfudzi nechingwa nenhindi dzenyama.

SaMalibran, Schroeder-Devrient, Sontag, Patti nevamwe vaimbi vakawanda vakatanhamara, Lilly Lehman akaberekerwa mumhuri yevatambi. Baba vake, Karl August Lehmann, vaive tenor anoshamisa, amai vake, nee Maria Löw, vaive muimbi wesoprano, akatamba kwemakore mazhinji munhandare yedare muKassel achitungamirwa naLouis Spohr. Asi chiitiko chinonyanya kukosha muupenyu hwake chaiva ukama hwake nevechidiki Richard Wagner. Vakanga vakabatana neushamwari hwepedyo, uye munyori mukuru akadana Maria kuti "rudo rwake rwekutanga". Mushure mekuroorana, basa raMaria Löw rakapera. Hupenyu nemurume akanaka, asi anokurumidza kutsamwa uye kunwa doro hwakabva hwashanduka kuita chiroto chaicho. Akasarudza kurambana, uye munguva pfupi akapiwa chinzvimbo semuimbi wembira paPrague Theatre, uye muna 1853 mukadzi wechidiki akaenda kuguta guru reBohemia netsamba, akatora nevanasikana vake vaviri: Lilly, akaberekwa munaNovember 24. , muna 1848 muWürzburg, uye Maria, mukuru nemakore matatu pane okupedzisira. yegore.

Lilly Lehman haana kumboneta kurumbidza rudo rwaamai vake, kuzvipira uye kutsungirira. Prima donna yakamukwereta kwete chete hunyanzvi hwekuimba, asi zvimwe zvese; amai vakapa zvidzidzo, uye kubva pauduku Lilly akaperekedza vadzidzi vake piyano, zvishoma nezvishoma kujairana nenyika yemimhanzi. Nokudaro, kunyange kusati kwatanga mitambo yakazvimirira, akanga atova nerepertoire yakapfuma zvinoshamisa. Vakararama mukushaiwa kukuru. Guta rakanakisa rine mazana eshongwe raive panguva iyoyo dunhu renziyo. Kuridza muchikwata chevaimbi cheimba yemitambo yomunzvimbomo hakuna kumuraramisa, uye kuti awane chouviri, aifanira kuwana zvidzidzo. Dzaenda kare idzo nguva dzemashiripiti apo Mozart akaronga kutanga kwaDon Giovanni pano, uye Weber aive mutungamiriri webhendi. Mune memoirs yaLilly Leman hapana chinotaurwa nezve rumutsiriro mumimhanzi yeCzech, hapana kana izwi pamusoro pekutanga kweSmetana, nezve The Bartered Bride, nezvekukundikana kwaDalibor, izvo zvakafadza maCzech bourgeoisie.

Angular mutete Lilly Leman akasvitsa makore gumi nemanomwe paakaita debut yake padanho reEstates Theatre munzvimbo yeMukadzi wekutanga muMozart's The Magic Flute. Asi mavhiki maviri chete anopfuura, uye mutsva Lilly anoimba chikamu chikuru - nemukana wakachena, kuchengetedza kuita. Pakati pemutambo, mutungamiriri weimba yemitambo akanga asina utsinye kune mutambi webasa raPamina, uyo akanga ane kudengenyeka kwekutya kwekutya, aifanira kuendeswa kumba. Uye kamwe-kamwe chimwe chinhu chinoshamisa chakaitika: mutambi anonyara Lilly Lehman akazvipira kuimba chikamu ichi! Akamudzidzisa here? Kwete donhwe! Leman Sr., anzwa chiziviso chemutungamiriri anotungamira, akamhanyira pachikuva achitya kuti atore basa raPamina kubva kuna Fräulein Löw (nekutya kutadza, kunyangwe mune diki basa reMukadzi wekutanga, haana kushinga kuita. pasi pezita rake chairo) uye nekudaro chengetedza kuita. Asi muimbi wechidiki haana kuzeza kwesekondi uye veruzhinji vakazvifarira, kunyangwe aive asina kugadzirira zvachose. Kangani paachafanira kuzviedza pane zvinotsiva mune ramangwana! Leman akaratidza mumwe wemienzaniso yakanakisa panguva yekushanya kwake muAmerica. MuWagnerian tetralogy "Ring of the Nibe-Lung", kwaakaridza Brunnhilde, mutambi webasa raFrikka mu "Rheingold Gold" akaramba kuita. Nenguva dzechina masikati, Lilly akakumbirwa kana aigona kuimbira Frikka manheru iwayo; Kuma XNUMX:XNUMX, Lilly nehanzvadzi yake vakatanga kutarisa pamusoro pechikamu chaakanga asati amboimba; Nenguva dzechina kusvika kumanomwe ndakaenda kunhandare, nenguva dzesere ndakamira pachikuva; pakanga pasina nguva yakakwana yechiitiko chekupedzisira, uye muimbi akachibata nemusoro, akamira kumashure, nepo Wotan, ari mukambani yeLoge, akadzika muNibelheim. Zvese zvakafamba zvakanaka. Muna 1897, mimhanzi yaWagner yainzi ndiyo yakaoma zvikuru mimhanzi yemazuva ano. Uye fungidzira, muchikamu chose Leman akaita chikanganiso chimwe chidiki mukutaura. Kuzivana kwake naRichard Wagner kwakaitika muhuduku hwake muna 1863 muPrague, uko muimbi, akakomberedzwa nezvinonyadzisa uye mukurumbira, akaita konzati yake. Amai vaLeman nevanasikana vavo vaviri vaishanyira imba yemunyori wacho mazuva ose. “Murombo akapoteredzwa nerukudzo, asi haasati awana zvakakwana zvokurarama nazvo,” vakadaro amai vake. Mwanasikana aifarira Wagner. Kwete chete chimiro chisina kujairika chemunyori chakamukwezva - "jasi reyero remba rakagadzirwa nedamask, tsvuku kana yepingi tie, hombe nhema yesilika kape ine satin lining (yaakauya kuzodzidzira) - hapana akapfeka saizvozvo. Prague; Ndakatarisa mumaziso angu ndikatadza kuvanza kushamisika kwangu. Mimhanzi yaWagner nemashoko akasiya zvakadzika zvakanyanya mumweya wemusikana ane makore gumi nemashanu. Rimwe zuva akamuimbira chimwe chinhu, uye Wagner akafadzwa nepfungwa yekumutora kuti musikana aite mabasa ake ese! Sezvo Lilly akakurumidza kuziva, Prague akanga asina chimwezve chokumupa somuimbi. Pasina kuzengurira, muna 1868 akabvuma kukokwa kweDanzig city theatre. Upenyu hwakati hwamadzitateguru hwakatonga imomo, mutungamiriri aigara achida mari, uye mudzimai wake, munhu ane mwoyo munyoro, kunyange paaisona hembe, haana kurega kutaura munjodzi huru yeGermany inosiririsa. Munda wakakura webasa wakazaruka pamberi paLilly muduku. Vhiki yega yega akadzidza basa idzva, chete ikozvino yaive zvikamu zvikuru: Zerlina, Elvira, Queen of the Night, Rossini's Rosina, Verdi's Gilda naLeonora. Muguta rekuchamhembe kwevafundisi, aigara hafu yegore chete, mahombe emitambo akatotanga kuvhima kudiwa kwevanhu veDanzig. Lilly Lehman akasarudza Leipzig, uko hanzvadzi yake yakanga ichitoimba.

Zhizha 1870, Berlin: Chinhu chekutanga icho mudiki muimbi weRoyal Opera akaona muguta guru rePrussia aive akakosha edhisheni emapepanhau uye mafambiro emhemberero pamberi peimba yamambo. Vanhu vakafarira nhau kubva kunhandare yehondo muFrance, kuvhurwa kwemwaka mutsva kwakatanga nechiito chekuda nyika pachikuva, panguva iyo vatambi vedare opera vakaimba rwiyo rwenyika uye Rwiyo rweBorussia mukwaya. Panguva iyoyo, Berlin rakanga risati rava guta repasi rose, asi "Opera pasi peLindens" - theatre mumugwagwa Unter den Linden - nekuda kwekubudirira kwekuita kwaHuelsen uye hutungamiriri hwakasimba, yaive nemukurumbira wakanaka. Mozart, Meyerbeer, Donizetti, Rossini, Weber vakaridza pano. Mabasa aRichard Wagner akaonekwa pachikuva, achikunda kushorwa kwemutungamiriri. Zvikonzero zvemunhu zvakabata basa rakasimba: muna 1848, mukuru Hülsen, mutevedzeri wemhuri ine mukurumbira, akapinda mukudzvinyirira kumukira, uku kudivi revapanduki, mudiki Kapellmeister Wagner akarwa, achifemerwa nearamu yechimurenga ndokukwira, kana zvisiri pamabarricades, ipapo pachechi bhero tower chokwadi. The theatre director, aristocrat, haana kukanganwa izvi kwenguva yakareba.

Panguva imwecheteyo, muboka rake maiva nevatambi vaviri vakatanhamara veWagner: heroic tenor Albert Niemann uye wokutanga Bayreuth Wotan Franz Betz. Kuna Lilly Lehman, Nieman akashanduka kuita chidhori chinopenya, kuita “mweya unotungamirira unotungamirira munhu wose”… Hungwaru, simba nehunyanzvi zvakapindirana nechiremera. Leman haana kuyemura noupofu unyanzvi hwevamwe vake, asi nguva dzose aivabata neruremekedzo. Mune memoirs ake, unogona kuverenga mamwe anotsoropodza pamusoro pevakwikwidzi, asi kwete kana izwi rakashata. Leman anotaura nezvaPaolina Lucca, kwaakawana zita rekuverenga rakaita sekubudirira kukuru kwekugadzira - aidada nazvo; anonyora nezve dramatic sopranos Mathilde Mallinger naWilma von Voggenhuber, pamwe neane chipo chepamusoro contralto Marianne Brant.

Muzhinji, mutambi wehukama aigara pamwe chete, kunyange pano aisagona kuita pasina zvinonyadzisa. Saka, Mullinger naLucca vakavengana, uye mapato evaiyemura akabatidza moto wehondo. Apo, rimwe zuva mutambo usati waitwa, Paolina Lucca akakunda mudungwe wehumambo, achida kuratidza hukuru hwake, vateveri vaMullinger vakakwazisa kubuda kwaCherubino kubva ku "Muchato weFigaro" nemuridzo usinganzwi. Asi prima donna yakanga isiri kuzokanda mapfumo pasi. "Saka ndoimba here kana kuti ndorega?" akadanidzira achipinda muhoro. Uye kusaremekedza uku kusingadzoreki kwetsika dzeimba yemitambo yakava nemigumisiro yako: ruzha rwakaserera zvokuti Lucca aigona kuimba. Ichokwadi, izvi hazvina kutadzisa Countess Mullinger, uyo akaita muchiitiko ichi, kubva pakurova Cherubino asingadiwi neupenzi, asi mbama inotinhira pachiso. Vese vari vaviri prima donnas chokwadi vangadai vakafenda dai vasina kuona Lilly Leman mubhokisi rekutamba, akagadzirira kutsiva chero nguva - kunyangwe ipapo akazove nemukurumbira semuponesi. Zvisinei, hapana mumwe wevakwikwidzi aizomupa kumwe kukunda.

Mukufamba kwemakore gumi nemashanu akareba, Lilly Lehman zvishoma nezvishoma akakunda nyasha dzeruzhinji rweBerlin nevatsoropodzi, uye panguva imwecheteyo CEO. Huelsen haana kana kumbofungidzira kuti aizokwanisa kubva murwiyo Konstanz, Blondchen, Rosin, Filin naLortsing soubrettes kuenda kumitambo inoshamisa. Zvinoreva, muimbi wechidiki, asina ruzivo rwekuimba akakweverwa kwavari. Kare muna 1880, Leman akanyunyuta kuti mutungamiriri wedare re opera aimutarisa semusikana muduku uye akapa mabasa akanaka chete kana vamwe vaimbi vakaramba. Panguva ino, akanga atoona kukunda muStockholm, London uye pamatanho makuru eOpera muGermany, sezvinofanira prima donna chaiyo. Asi chakanyanya kukosha kwaive kuita kwaizopesvedzera zvakanyanya basa rake: Richard Wagner akasarudza Lehman kuti atange mutambo wake weDer Ring des Nibelungen pa1876 Bayreuth Festival. Akapihwa basa rekutanga Mermaid uye Helmwig kubva kuValkyrie. Hongu, izvi hazvisi zvikamu zvinoshamisa, asi kwete kuna Wagner kana kwaari kwaive nemabasa madiki asingakoshi. Zvichida, pfungwa yebasa kune art panguva iyoyo ingadai yakamanikidza muimbi kusiya basa raBrunnhilde. Anenge manheru oga oga, Lilly nehanzvadzi yake, Mermaid yechipiri, vaiuya kuVilla Wanfried. Wagner, Madame Cosima, Liszt, gare gare zvakare Nietzsche - munharaunda yakakurumbira yakadai "kuda kuziva, kushamisika uye kukakavara hakuna kupera, sekufara kwakawanda hakuna kupera. Mimhanzi uye nyaya zvakatisvitsa munzvimbo yemafaro… "

Runako rwemashiripiti rwechinhanho nyanzvi Richard Wagner haana kuita zvishoma paari pane hunhu hwake. Akamubata semuzivikanwi wekare, akafamba akabata ruoko naye mubindu reWanfried, uye akagoverana mifungo yake. MuBayreuth theatre, maererano naLilly Lehman, akaronga kuridza kwete The Ring chete, asiwo mabasa akatanhamara akadai saFidelio naDon Giovanni.

Munguva yekugadzirwa, zvinoshamisa, matambudziko matsva zvachose akamuka. Ini ndaifanira kugona mudziyo wekushambira mermaids - aya ndiwo matsananguriro aLeman: "O Mwari wangu! Chakanga chiri chiumbwa chinorema chetriangular pamirwi yesimbi yakareba mamita makumi maviri, pamigumo iyo chikafu chelatisi chaiiswa pakona; taifanira kuvaimbira!” Nekuda kushinga uye nenjodzi yekufa, mushure mekuita, Wagner akambundikira Mermaid, uyo aiyerera misodzi yemufaro. Hans Richter, mutungamiri wekutanga weBayreuth, Albert Niemann, "mweya wake uye simba remuviri, chitarisiko chake chisingakanganwiki, Mambo uye Mwari weBayreuth, uyo akanaka uye akasiyana Sigmund haazombodzoki", uye Amalia Materna - ava ndivo vanhu vane kukurukurirana. , hongu, mushure memusiki wemitambo yemitambo muBayreuth, ndeyezvakasimba zvikuru zveLeman. Mushure memutambo, Wagner akamunyorera chinyorwa chekutenda, icho chakatanga seizvi:

“O! Lilly! Lilly!

Iwe waive wakanaka kupfuura vese uye, mwana wangu mudiwa, wanga wakanyatso kurongeka kuti izvi hazvizoitiki zvakare! Isu takaroyiwa nemashiripiti echinhu chakajairika, Mermaid yangu ... "

Izvo hazvina kuitika zvakare, kushomeka kukuru kwemari mushure mekutanga "Ring of the Nibelungen" yakaita kuti kudzokororwe kusingaite. Makore matanhatu gare gare, nemoyo unorema, Leman akaramba kutora chikamu mukutanga kwenyika yeParsifal, kunyange zvazvo Wagner akaramba achikumbira; wake aimbove mudiwa wake Fritz Brand ndiye aitarisira nzvimbo yekutamba. Kuna Lilly zvaiita sekuti aisakwanisa kutsungirira musangano mutsva.

Zvichakadaro, akaita mukurumbira semuimbi anoshamisa. Repertoire yake yaisanganisira Venus, Elizabeth, Elsa, gare gare Isolde naBrunnhilde uye, hongu, Beethoven's Leonora. Pakanga pachine nzvimbo yezvikamu zvekare zvebel canto uye kutora kwaivimbisa kwakadai saLucrezia Borgia naLucia di Lammermoor kubva kumitambo yaDonizetti. Muna 1885, Lilly Lehman akaita kuyambuka gungwa rake kekutanga kuenda kuAmerica, uye akaita nebudiriro huru pane yakasarudzika, ichangobva kuvhurwa yeMetropolitan Opera, uye panguva yekushanya kwake munyika yakakura iyi akakwanisa kucherechedzwa kubva kuruzhinji rweAmerica, akajaira Patti nevamwe. . nyeredzi dzechikoro cheItaly. The New York Opera yaida kuwana Leman zvachose, asi akaramba, akasungwa neBerlin zvisungo. Muimbi aifanira kupedzisa rwendo rwake rwekonzati, mitambo makumi matatu muAmerica yakamuunzira mari yakawanda sezvaaigona kuwana muBerlin mumakore matatu. Kwemakore akawanda ikozvino, Leman agara achiwana mamakisi 13500 pagore uye mamakisi makumi mapfumbamwe ekonzati - mari isingaenderane nechinzvimbo chake. Muimbi akakumbira kuwedzera nguva yezororo, asi akarambwa uye nokudaro akawana kubviswa kwechibvumirano. Kurambana kwakaziviswa neBerlin kwemakore mazhinji kwakamisa kurambidzwa kuita kwake muGermany. Kushanya muParis, Vienna neAmerica, uko Lilly akaita ka90, kwakawedzera mukurumbira wemuimbi zvekuti pakupedzisira "ruregerero" rwamambo rwakavhurazve nzira yake kuBerlin.

Muna 1896, iyo Ring yeNibelungen yakaitwa zvakare muBayreuth. Pamberi paLeman, uyo akawana mukurumbira wenyika yose, vakaona mutambi akakodzera zvikuru weIsolde. Cosima akakoka muimbi wacho, uye akabvuma. Ichokwadi, iyi yepamusoro yebasa rake haina kuramba isina makore. Tsika dzehudzvinyiriri dzatenzikadzi weBayreuth hadzina kumufadza. Mushure mezvose, aive iye, Lilly Lehman, uyo Wagner akatanga muzvirongwa zvake, aive iye akateya nemoyo wese kutaura kwake uye akachengeta maitiro ese mundangariro dzake dzakanaka. Zvino akanga omanikidzwa kutarisa zvakanga zvichiitika, izvo zvakanga zvisina chokuita nendangariro dzake; Leman airemekedza zvikuru simba nenjere dzaCosima, asi kuzvitutumadza, izvo zvisina kupikisa, zvakabva zvamubata. Prima donna yakanzwa kuti "muchengeti weGrail Tsvene ya1876 uye naWagner wake vanoonekwa neimwe nzira." Pane imwe nguva, pakurovedza, Cosima akadana mwanakomana wake kuzopupura: “Iwe Siegfried, haurangariri here kuti muna 1876 zvakanga zvakadaro chaizvo?” “Ndinofunga kuti makarurama, Amai,” akapindura kudaro achiteerera. Makore makumi maviri apfuura aingova nemakore matanhatu! Lilly Lehman akayeuka Bayreuth wekare nekushuva, achitarisa vaimbi, "nguva dzose vakamira mumbiri", panhandare yakafukidzwa nemafungu ane ruzha, pamutambo werudo waSiegmund naSieglinde, vakagara vakafuratirana, panhandare. manzwi anosiririsa evanasikana veRhine, asi “zvidhori zvematanda zvakaoma” zvinokuvadza mweya. "Kune migwagwa yakawanda inoenda kuRoma, asi imwe chete yeBayreuth yemazuva ano - kuzviisa pasi kweuranda!"

Kugadzirwa kwacho kwakabudirira zvikuru, uye kupopotedzana kwakakomba pakati paLeman naCosima kwakagadziriswa murunyararo. Pakupedzisira, kadhi guru rehwamanda rakanga richiri Lilly Lehman. Muna 1876 akaimba mahara, asi zvino akatamisa mari yake yese uye mamakisi 10000 1876 zvakare kuchipatara cheBayreuth cheSt. Augusta kunorara zvachose kune vaimbi varombo, nezvaakafonera Cosima "nerukudzo rwakadzama" uye nerevo isina mubvunzo. Pane imwe nguva, tenzikadzi weBayreuth akachema pamusoro pehukuru hwemubhadharo wemuimbi. Chii chaiva chikonzero chikuru chokuvengana kwavo? Kutungamira. Apa Lilly Lehman aive nemusoro wake pamapendekete ake, maive nepfungwa dzakawandisa dzekuti vateerere. Panguva iyoyo, kutarisa kwemuimbi pakutungamirira kwaiva chinhu chisina kujairika. Kutungamirira, kunyange mumitambo huru yemitambo, hakuna kuiswa mune chero chinhu, mutungamiriri aitungamirira aibatanidzwa mune yakachena wiring. Nyeredzi dzakanga dzava kutoita zvose zvadzaida. PaBerlin Court Theatre, opera yaive murepertoire haina kudzokororwa zvachose isati yaitwa, uye kudzokorora kwemitambo mitsva kwakaitwa pasina nzvimbo. Hapana munhu aiva nehanya nevaimbi vezvikamu zviduku, kunze kwaLilly Lehman, uyo “akaita basa romutariri anoshingaira” uye, pashure pokudzokorora, akabata pachake navose vasina hanya. PaVienna Court Opera, kwaakakokwa kubasa raDonna Anna, aifanira kubvisa nguva dzinodiwa dzekugadzirwa kubva kumubatsiri wemutungamiriri. Asi muimbi wacho akagamuchira mhinduro yechinyakare: “Kana VaReichmann vapedza kuimba, vachaenda kurudyi, uye Va von Beck vachaenda kuruboshwe, nokuti imba yavo yokupfeka iri kune rimwe divi.” Lilly Lehman akaedza kugumisa kusava nehanya kwakadaro, uko chiremera chake chaibvumira. Kune mumwe mutena anozivikanwa zvikuru, akaronga kuisa matombo mubhokisi rinokosha rokunyepedzera, raaigarotora somunhenga, uye akapotsa arega mutoro wake, awana chidzidzo mu“kutamba kwomusikirwo”! Mukuongorora kwaFidelio, haana kungopa mirairo chaiyo pamusoro pezvipo, mafambiro uye mapuropu, asi akatsanangurawo psychology yevatambi vese, mukuru uye wechipiri. Chakavanzika chekubudirira kwekushanda kwaari chaingova mukubatana, mukushuva kwemweya wepasi rose. Panguva imwecheteyo, akanga asina chokwadi pamusoro pechibhorani, akanga asingafariri boka rakakurumbira reViennese reMahler chaizvo nekuda kwekushayikwa kwechibatanidzo chinokurudzira - hunhu hune simba husina udyire. Mukuru uye munhu wacho, semaonero ake, vakanga vasingapesani. Muimbi pachake aigona kusimbisa kuti kare muna XNUMX muBayreuth, Richard Wagner akasimuka nokuda kwekubudiswa kwezvisikwa zveunhu hwekusika uye haana kumbopindira rusununguko rwemutambi.

Nhasi, kuongororwa kwakadzama kwe "Fidelio" kungangoita sekusina basa. Kunyangwe kuturika mwenje pamusoro wemusungwa Fidelio, kana kuti mwenje uchayerera "kubva kumakoridho ari kure" - zvakakosha here? Leman akasvika nekukoshesa zvikuru izvo mumutauro wemazuva ano zvinonzi kuvimbika kune chinangwa chemunyori, uye nekudaro kusashivirira kwake kuna Cosima Wagner. Solemnity, majestic poses uye maitiro ese ekuita kwaLeman nhasi achaita seanosiririsa. Eduard Hanslik akademba kushayiwa kwomutambi wacho “masimba echisikigo ane simba” uye panguva imwe cheteyo akayemura “mudzimu wake wakakwirira, uyo, sesimbi yakakwenenzverwa, unokosha mukugadzirwa kwechinhu chipi nechipi uye unoratidza meso edu parera rakabwinyiswa kusvikira pakukwana.” Leman haana chikwereti kune tarenda rekuona pane yakanakisa yekuimba nzira.

Matauriro ake pamusoro pemitambo yeopera, yakaitwa munguva yeItaly manyawi uye Wagnerian stage realism, haisati yarasikirwa nemusoro wavo: tendeukira kukuvandudzwa kwekuimba nemitambo yemitambo, zvino mibairo ingave yakakosha zvakanyanya ... Poshi!

Sechikonzero, akapa kupinda mumufananidzo, zvekunamata, hupenyu mukati mebasa. Asi Lehman akange anyanya kuchembera kuti ataure chimiro chitsva chenzvimbo ine mwero. Maroller tower akakurumbira mukugadzirwa kwaMahler kwaDon Juan muna 1906, zvimiro zvakamira zvakatanga nguva itsva yekugadzira dariro, Leman, nekuyemura kwake kwechokwadi Roller naMahler, akaonekwa se "goko rinosemesa."

Saka, akanga asingakwanisi kumira "mimhanzi yemazuva ano" yaPuccini naRichard Strauss, kunyange zvazvo nekubudirira kukuru akafumisa repertoire yake nenziyo dzaHugo Wolf, uyo asina kumboda kubvuma. Asi mukuru Verdi Leman aida kwenguva refu. Nguva pfupi Bayreuth yake isati yatanga muna 1876, akatanga kuimba Verdi's Requiem, uye gore rakatevera akaimba muCologne achitungamirirwa naiye maestro. Zvino, mubasa raVioletta, heroine ane ruzivo rwakanyanya rweWagnerian akazivisa humunhu hwakadzama hweVerdi's bel canto, akamukatyamadza zvekuti muimbi wacho "aizoreurura rudo rwake pamberi penyika yose yemimhanzi, achiziva kuti vazhinji vachandipomera mhosva." izvi ... Viga chiso chako kana uchitenda mumwe Richard Wagner, asi seka uye unakirwe neni kana uchinzwira tsitsi ... Kunongova nemimhanzi yakachena chete, uye unogona kunyora chero chaunoda.

Shoko rokupedzisira, pamwe chete nerokutanga, zvisinei, rakaramba riri kuna Mozart. Mukweguru Leman, uyo, zvisinei, achiri kuoneka saDonna Anna anoyemurika paVienna State Opera, murongi uye mutsigiri wemitambo yeMozart muSalzburg, akadzokera “kumusha” kwake. Pachiitiko chemakore 150 ekuzvarwa kwemunyori mukuru, akaronga Don Juan panzvimbo yemitambo yeguta. Asingagutsikane neshanduro dzechiGerman dzisina basa, Leman akasimbirira pamutauro wekare wokuItaly. Kwete nekuda kwekunyanyisa, asi zvakasiyana, kurwira kune vanoziva uye vanodikanwa, vasingade kushatisa opera inodiwa nemoyo wake ne "mazano matsva," akanyora kudaro, achikanda kudivi rekutarisa kune yakakurumbira Mahler-Rollerian kugadzirwa mu. Vienna. Scenery? Yakanga iri nyaya yechipiri - zvese zvakauya kuzopihwa muSalzburg zvakashandiswa. Asi nerumwe rutivi, kwemwedzi mitatu nehafu, pasi pekutungamirwa naLilly Lehman, kudzokorora kwakanyanya, kwakasimba kwakaenderera. Iye ane mukurumbira Francisco di Andrade, mutyairi weribhoni chena sirika, uyo Max Slevoht akasafa negirazi rechampagne mumaoko ake, akatamba chinzvimbo chezita, Lilly Lehman - Donna Anna. Mahler, uyo akaunza brilliant Le Figaro kubva kuVienna, aishora kugadzirwa kwaLeman. Muimbi, kune rumwe rutivi, akaomerera pane yake vhezheni yaDon Juan, kunyangwe aiziva kusasimba kwayo kwese.

Makore mana gare gare, muSalzburg, akashongedza basa rehupenyu hwake nekugadzirwa kweThe Magic Flute. Richard Mayr (Sarastro), Frieda Hempel (Mambokadzi Weusiku), Johanna Gadsky (Pamina), Leo Slezak (Tamino) vanhu vakatanhamara, vamiriri venguva itsva. Lilly Lehman pachake akaimba First Lady, basa raakambotanga naro. Denderedzwa rakavharwa nezita rine mbiri reMozart. Mukadzi ane makore 62 okukura akanga achiri nesimba rakakwana kuti arambe basa raDonna Anna pamberi pezviedza zvakadai saAntonio Scotti naGeraldine Farrar vatova mumusoro wechipiri wemutambo wezhizha - Don Juan. Mutambo weMozart wakapera nekugadzikwa kwakadzikama kweMozarteum, uko kwainyanya kukosha kwaLeman.

Mushure maizvozvi, Lilly Lehman akaonekana pachikuva. Musi waMay 17, 1929, akafa, akanga atopfuura makumi masere. Vepanguva iyoyo vakabvuma kuti nguva yese yakanga yaenda naye. Sezvineiwo, mweya uye basa remuimbi zvakamutsiridzwa mune huchenjeri hutsva, asi muzita rimwechete: mukuru Lotta Lehman aive asina hukama naLilly Lehman, asi zvakazoitika kuti zvinoshamisa padyo naye mumweya. Mumifananidzo yakasikwa, mubasa reunyanzvi uye muupenyu, saka kusiyana nehupenyu hwe prima donna.

K. Khonolka (shanduro - R. Solodovnyk, A. Katsura)