Francesco Tamagno |
Francesco Tamagno
Mutauri wengano anoshamisa Irakli Andronnikov akaita rombo rakanaka kuva nevatauriri. Pane imwe nguva muvakidzani wake muimba yechipatara aiva akakurumbira Russian mutambi Alexander Ostuzhev. Vakaita mazuva vachikurukura. Neimwe nzira takanga tichitaura nezve basa raOthello - imwe yeakanakisa mubasa remuimbi. Uye ipapo Ostuzhev akaudza aiteerera interlocutor nyaya inoda kuziva.
Pakupera kwezana remakore rechi19, muimbi weItaly ane mukurumbira Francesco Tamagno akashanyira Moscow, uyo akashamisa munhu wose nekuita kwake basa reOtello muVerdi opera yezita rimwe chete. Simba rinopinza reinzwi remuimbi wacho rakanga rakaita kuti anzwike mumugwagwa, uye vadzidzi vakanga vasina mari yetikiti vakauya vari mhomho kunhandare yemitambo kuzoteerera tenzi mukuru. Zvakanzi kusati kwaitwa, Tamagno akasunga chipfuva chake necorset yakakosha kuti asafemere zvakanyanya. Kana ari mutambo wake, akaita chiitiko chekupedzisira neunyanzvi hwakadaro zvokuti vateereri vakasvetuka kubva pazvigaro zvavo panguva iyo muimbi "akabaya" chifuva chake nedhadha. Akapasa basa iri pamberi pekutanga (Tamagno akanga ari mutori wenhau munyika yose) nemunyori pachake. Vakaona vakachengeta ndangariro dzekuti Verdi airatidza nehunyanzvi muimbi nzira yekubaya nayo. Kuimba kwaTamagno kwakasiya mucherechedzo usingadzimiki kune vakawanda vanoda opera vekuRussia uye vaimbi.
KS Stanislavsky, akapinda mumutambo weMamontov Opera, uko muimbi wacho akaimba muna 1891, ane ndangariro dzemaonerwo asingakanganwiki okuimba kwake: “Asati aridza mutambo wake kekutanga muMoscow, akanga asina kushambadzwa zvakakwana. Vakanga vakamirira muimbi akanaka - hapasisina. Tamagno akabuda akapfeka zvipfeko zveOthello, aine chimiro chake chihombe chekuvaka, uye akabva anzwa matsi netsamba inoparadza. Boka revanhu nokukasika, semunhu mumwe, rakazembera shure, sokunge kuti rinozvidzivirira pakuvhundutswa negoko. Chinyorwa chechipiri - chakanyanya kusimba, chechitatu, chechina - chakawedzera - uye apo, semoto kubva kugomba, chinyorwa chekupedzisira chakabhururuka pashoko rekuti "Muslim-aa-nee", vateereri vakarasikirwa nekuziva kwemaminitsi akati wandei. Tese takasvetuka. Shamwari dzaitsvagana. Vatorwa vakatendeukira kuvaenzi nomubvunzo mumwe chetewo: “Wanzwa here? Chii ichocho?" Ochestra yakamira. Kuvhiringika pachikuva. Asi kamwe kamwe, vapengenuka, mhomho yavanhu yakamhanyira kuchikuva ndokudzvova nomufaro, ichida kuti paikwire. Fedor Ivanovich Chaliapin aivawo nepamusoro maonero muimbi. Heano matauriro aanoita mumemoirs yake "Mapeji Ehupenyu Hwangu" nezve kushanya kwake kuLa Scala Theatre muchirimo cha1901 (apo mukuru bass pachake akaimba nekukunda muBoito's "Mephistopheles") kuti ateerere kune muimbi akatanhamara: “Pakupedzisira, Tamagno akaoneka. Munyori [muimbi zvino akanganwa I. Lara mune opera yakaitwa naMessalina muimbi - mupepeti] akamugadzirira mutsara unobuda. Akaita kuti veruzhinji vafare. Tamagno ishoko rakasiyana, ndingati, izwi rekare. Murefu, mutete, akanaka semuimbi ane hunyanzvi sezvaari muimbi ane hunyanzvi. "
Felia Litvin akakurumbira akayemurawo unyanzvi hweItaly yakakurumbira, iyo inonyatsoratidzwa mubhuku rake "My Life and My Art": "Ndakanzwawo "William Tell" naF. Tamagno mubasa raArnold. Hazvibviri kutsanangura kunaka kwezwi rake, simba rake rechisikigo. Vatatu uye aria "O Matilda" akandifadza. Semutambi anosiririsa, Tamagno akange asina akaenzana. "
Mutariri mukuru weRussia Valentin Serov, uyo akaonga muimbi kubva pakugara kwake muItaly, kwaakazomuteerera, uye kazhinji akasangana naye paMamontov estate, akapenda mufananidzo wake, wakazova mumwe weakanakisa mubasa remupendi. 1891, yakasainwa muna 1893). Serov akakwanisa kuwana chimiro chinokatyamadza chechimiro (nemaune anozvikudza akasimudza musoro), iyo inonyatso ratidza hunyanzvi hwechiItaly.
Ndangariro idzi dzinogona kuenderera mberi. Muimbi wacho akashanyira kakawanda kuRussia (kwete muMoscow chete, asiwo muSt. Petersburg muna 1895-96). Zvinonyanya kufadza iye zvino, pamazuva ekupemberera makore 150 emuimbi, kuyeuka nzira yake yekusika.
Akazvarwa muTurin muna Zvita 28, 1850 uye aive mumwe wevana gumi nevashanu mumhuri yemuchengeti wemba yevaeni. Muhuduku hwake, akashanda somubiki wechingwa, ipapo somupfuri wekiyi. Akatanga kudzidza kuimba muTurin naC. Pedrotti, mukuru webhendi weRegio Theatre. Akabva atanga kuimba mukwaya yeiyi theatre. Pashure pokunge ashanda muchiuto, akapfuurira nefundo dzake muMilan. Kutanga kwemuimbi kwakaitika muna 15 muPalermo muDonizetti's opera "Polyeuctus" (chikamu cheNearco, mutungamiri weArmenian Christians). Akaramba achiita muzvikamu zviduku kusvika muna 1869, kusvikira, pakupedzisira, muPalermo theatre "Massimo" kubudirira kwakauya kwaari mubasa raRichard (Riccardo) muVerdi's opera "Un ballo in maschera". Kubva panguva iyoyo yakatanga kukurumidza kukwira kwemuimbi wechidiki mukurumbira. Muna 1874 akaita debut yake paLa Scala (Vasco da Gama muMeyerbeer's Le Africane), muna 1877 akaimba ipapo munyika premiere of Ponchielli's opera The Prodigal Son, muna 1880 akaita basa Gabriel Adorno mumutambo wekutanga wemutambo mutsva. vhezheni yeVerdi's opera Simon Boccanegra, muna 1881 akatora chikamu mukutanga kweyechipiri (yeItaly) edition yaDon Carlos (iyo chikamu chemusoro).
Muna 1889, muimbi akaita kekutanga muLondon. Mugore rimwe chetero akaimba chikamu chaArnold mu "William Tell" (imwe yeakanakisa mubasa rake) muChicago (American debut). Kubudirira kwepamusoro kweTamagno ibasa raOthello mukutanga kwepasirese opera (1887, La Scala). Zvakawanda zvakanyorwa nezve iyi yekutanga, kusanganisira kosi yekugadzirira kwayo, pamwe nekukunda, uko, pamwe chete nemunyori uye librettist (A.Boito), yakagovaniswa zvakafanira naTamagno (Othello), Victor Morel (Iago) uye Romilda Pantaleoni (Desdemona). Mutambo wacho wapera, mhomho yevanhu yakakomba imba yaigara munyori wacho. Verdi akabuda achienda pavharanda akakombwa neshamwari. Pakave nekushevedzera kwaTamagno "Esultate!". Mhomho yakadavira nemanzwi ane chiuru.
Basa raOthello rakaitwa naTamagno rave ngano munhoroondo yeopera. Muimbi uyu akaombera maoko neRussia, America (1890, debut at the Metropolitan Theatre), England (1895, debut at Covent Garden), Germany (Berlin, Dresden, Munich, Cologne), Vienna, Prague, tisingatauri Italian theatre .
Pakati pemamwe mapato akabudirira kuitwa nemuimbi ndiErnani muOpera yaVerdi yezita rimwe chetero, Edgar (Donizetti's Lucia di Lammermoor), Enzo (La Gioconda naPonchielli), Raul (Meyerbeer's Huguenots). John weLeiden ("Muporofita" naMeyerbeer), Samson ("Samsoni naDherira" naSaint-Saens). Pakupera kwebasa rake rekuimba, akaimbawo muzvikamu zvakatsiga. Muna 1903, zvimedu zvinoverengeka uye arias kubva kumitambo yakaitwa naTamagno yakanyorwa pazvinyorwa. Muna 1904 muimbi akasiya chikuva. Mumakore achangopfuura, akapinda muhupenyu hwezvematongerwo enyika vekwake Turin, akamhanyira kusarudzo dzeguta (1904). Tamagno akafa musi waNyamavhuvhu 31, 1905 muVarese.
Tamagno aive netarenda rinopenya kwazvo reinoshamisira, ine ruzha rune simba uye neruzha rwakakora mumarejista ese. Kusvika kumwero wakati, izvi zvakava (pamwe chete nemabhenefiti) chimwe chinokanganisa. Saka Verdi, achitsvaka munhu akakodzera kuti aite basa raOthello, akanyora kuti: “Munzira dzakawanda, Tamagno angave akakodzera chaizvo, asi mune zvimwe zvakawanda, haana kukodzera. Pane zvirevo zvakafara uye zvakatambanudzwa zvine pamutemo zvinofanirwa kupihwa pamezza voche, zvisingasvikike kwaari zvachose ... Izvi zvinondinetsa zvakanyanya. Achitora mashoko mubhuku rake rinonzi “Vocal Parallels” uyu mutsara unobva mutsamba yaVerdi kumuparidzi Giulio Ricordi, muimbi ane mukurumbira G. Lauri-Volpi anowedzera kuti: “Tamagno akashandisa, kuti awedzere kusimba kwezwi rake, zvivi zvemhino, achizvizadza. nemhepo nekudzikisa keteni repalatine uye kushandisa diaphragmatic-abdominal kufema. Nenzira isingadzivisiki, emphysema yemapapu yaifanira kuuya ndokupinda, uko kwakamumanikidza kubva pachikuva panguva yakaisvonaka uye nokukurumidza kumuunza kuguva.
Zvamazvirokwazvo, aya ndiwo mafungiro emumwe waanoshanda naye mumusangano wekuimba, uye vanozivikanwa kuva vane njere sezvavanorerekera kune vavanoshanda navo. Hazvibviri kubvisa kubva kuItaly huru kana kunaka kwezwi, kana kugona kunoshamisa kwekufema uye diction isina kunaka, kana hunhu.
Unyanzvi hwake hwakapinda zvachose mudura reiyo classical opera nhaka.
E. Tsodokov
