Iano Tamar |
Iano Tamar
Medea yake haigone kunzi kopi yekuverenga kukuru kwaMaria Callas - izwi raYano Tamar harifanani nenzwi risingakanganwike reakafanotangira. Uye zvakadaro, vhudzi rake jet-dema uye maziso akakora-akagadzirwa, kwete, kwete, hongu, uye vanotitaurira kumufananidzo wakagadzirwa hafu yezana remakore rapfuura nemukadzi wechiGiriki akajeka. Pane chimwe chinhu chakafanana munhoroondo dzeupenyu hwavo. Kungofanana naMaria, Yano aive naamai vakasimba uye vane shungu vaida kuti mwanasikana wavo ave muimbi ane mukurumbira. Asi kusiyana naCallas, chizvarwa cheGeorgia haana kumbomuitira chigumbu nekuda kwezvirongwa zvekuzvikudza izvi. Pane kudaro, Yano kanopfuura kamwe akazvidemba kuti amai vake vakafa kare uye havana kuwana kutanga kwebasa rake rakanaka. Kufanana naMaria, Yano aifanira kutsvaka kuzivikanwa kunze kwenyika, nepo nyika yake yakanyura mugomba rakadzika-dzika rehondo yevagari vemo. Kune vamwe, kuenzanisa neCallas dzimwe nguva kunogona kuita sekunge kuri kure uye kunzwika kusingafadzi, chimwe chinhu senge yakachipa yekushambadzira stunt. Kutanga naElena Souliotis, hapasati pave negore iro ruzhinji rwakakwidziridzwa zvakanyanya kana kutsoropodza kwakanyanyisa hakuna kuzivisa kuzvarwa kweimwe "Callas itsva". Chokwadika, vazhinji veava “vadyi venhaka” vaisagona kumira kuenzanisa nezita guru uye nokukurumidza zvikuru vakaburuka kubva pachikuva kuenda mukukanganikwa. Asi kutaurwa kwemuimbi wechiGreek padivi pezita rekuti Tamar kunoratidzika, zvirinani nhasi, kwakanyatso kurongeka - pakati peakawanda emazuva ano anoshamisa sopranos anoshongedza nhanho dzemitambo yakasiyana-siyana yenyika, haungawani mumwe ane dudziro yemabasa akadaro. zvakadzika uye zvepakutanga, zvakazadzwa nemweya wemimhanzi yakaitwa .
Yano Alibegashvili (Tamar - zita romurume wake) akaberekerwa Georgia *, iyo mumakore iwayo yaiva kumaodzanyemba kumucheto muganhu Soviet empire. Akadzidza mimhanzi kubva paudiki, uye akawana dzidzo yake yehunyanzvi paTbilisi Conservatory, achipedza kudzidza piyano, musicology uye mazwi. Mukadzi wechidiki wekuGeorgia akaenda kunovandudza unyanzvi hwake hwekuimba muItaly, paOsimo Academy yeMimhanzi, iyo pachayo haishamisi, sezvo munyika dzekare Eastern bloc kuchine pfungwa yakasimba yokuti vadzidzisi vezwi vechokwadi vanogara munyika yekwavo. webel canto. Sezviri pachena, kutendiswa uku hakusi pasina hwaro, kubvira pakutanga kwake kuEurope pamutambo weRossini muPesaro muna 1992 sezvo Semiramide yakashanduka ikava manzwiro munyika ye opera, mushure mezvo Tamar akazova muenzi anogamuchirwa padzimba dzinotungamira opera muEurope.
Chii chakashamisa vateereri vaida uye vatsoropodzi vakanaka mukuita kwemuimbi wechidiki wechiGeorgian? Europe yagara ichiziva kuti Georgia yakapfuma nemanzwi akanakisa, kunyangwe vaimbi vanobva munyika ino, kusvika munguva pfupi yapfuura, havana kuoneka pamatanho eEurope kazhinji. La Scala anoyeuka inzwi rinoshamisa raZurab Anjaparidze, uyo Herman muThe Queen of Spades akaita chisimbiso chisingakanganwiki kune vaItaly kare muna 1964. Gare gare, kududzirwa kwepakutanga kwebato reOthello naZurab Sotkilava kwakakonzera kukakavara kukuru pakati pevatsoropodzi, asi zvakaoma. akasiya chero munhu asina hanya. Mumakore ekuma80, Makvala Kasrashvili akabudirira kuita repertoire yeMozart kuCovent Garden, akabudirira kuibatanidza nemabasa mumitambo yaVerdi naPuccini, umo ainzwika kakawanda muItaly uye pamatanho eGermany. Paata Burchuladze ndiro zita rinonyanya kuzivikanwa nhasi, iro mabhesi egranite ane kanopfuura kamwe akamutsa kuyemura vanoda mimhanzi yeEurope. Nekudaro, kukanganisa kwevaimbi ava pavateereri kwakabva mukubatanidzwa kwakabudirira kweCaucasian temperament neSoviet vocal school, yakanyatsokodzera zvikamu zvekupedzisira Verdi uye verist operas, pamwe chete nezvinorema zvikamu zveRussia repertoire (iyo. zvakarewo zvakajairika, sezvo humambo hweSoviet husati hwaparara, manzwi egoridhe eGeorgia aitsvaga kuzivikanwa zvakanyanya muMoscow neSt.
Yano Tamar akaparadza zvine mutsindo iyi stereotype nekuita kwake kwekutanga, achiratidza chikoro chaicho chebel canto, chakanyatso kuenderana nemitambo yeBellini, Rossini uye yekutanga Verdi. Gore rakatevera chairo akaita dambarefu rake kuLa Scala, achiimba padanho iri Alice muFalstaff naLina muVerdi's Stiffelio uye akasangana nenyanzvi mbiri dzenguva yedu mumunhu wemakondakita Riccardo Muti naGianandrea Gavazeni. Zvadaro pakanga pane nhevedzano yeMozart premieres - Elektra muIdomeneo muGeneva neMadrid, Vitellia kubva kuMercy of Titus muParis, Munich uye Bonn, Donna Anna muVenetian theatre La Fenice, Fiordiligi muPalm Beach. Pakati pezvikamu zvimwechete zverepertoire yake yeRussia ** kwasara Antonida muGlinka's A Life for the Tsar, yakaitwa muna 1996 paBregenz Festival yakaitwa naVladimir Fedoseev uye inokodzerawo mu "belkant" mainstream yenzira yake yekusika: sezvamunoziva, yemimhanzi yese yeRussia, ndiyo maopera aGlinka ari padyo netsika dzevanyanzvi ve "kuimba kwakanaka".
1997 yakamuunza padanho rakakurumbira reVienna Opera saLina, uko shamwari yaYano aive Placido Domingo, pamwe nemusangano neiyo iconic Verdi heroine - weropa Lady Macbeth, uyo Tamar akakwanisa kuumba nenzira yepakutanga. Stefan Schmöhe, anzwa Tamar muchikamu ichi muCologne, akanyora kuti: “Inzwi remuGeorgia mudiki Yano Tamar idiki, asi rakatsetseka zvisingaite uye rinodzorwa nemuimbi mumarejista ese. Uye ndizvo chaizvo izwi rakadaro iro rakanyatsokodzera kumufananidzo wakagadzirwa nemuimbi, uyo anoratidza heroine yake yeropa kwete seine hutsinye uye inoshanda zvakakwana kuuraya muchina, asi semukadzi ane chido chepamusoro anotsvaka munzira dzese dzekushandisa. mukana unopiwa nejambwa. Mumakore akatevera, nhevedzano yemifananidzo yeVerdi yakaenderera mberi naLeonora kubva kuIl trovatore pamutambo wakazova imba yake muPuglia, Desdemona, akaimbwa muBasel, Marquise kubva kuna Mambo asingawanzo kurira kweAwa, iyo yaakaita nayo dhizaini. nhanho yeCovent Garden, Elisabeth weValois muCologne uye, hongu, Amelia muMasquerade Ball muVienna (apo mumwe wake Lado Ataneli, zvakare debutant Staatsoper, akaita semubatsiri waYano munzvimbo yaRenato), pamusoro peiyo Birgit Popp. akanyora kuti: “Jano Tamar anoimba zviri kuitika pagomo rematanda manheru ega ega zvakanyanya uye zvichibva pamwoyo, saka dambarefu rake naNeil Shicoff rinopa vadi vemimhanzi mufaro mukuru.
Achidzamisa hunyanzvi hwake mune zverudo opera uye nekuwedzera kune rondedzero yevaroyi vakaridzwa, muna 1999 Tamar akaimba Haydn's Armida paSchwetzingen Festival, uye muna 2001 muTel Aviv, kekutanga, akatendeukira kune penacle yebel canto opera, Bellini's Norma. . "Norm ichiri sketch," anodaro muimbi. "Asi ndinofara kuti ndakava nemukana wekubata iyi nyanzvi." Yano Tamar anoedza kuramba zvikumbiro zvisingaenderane nehunyanzvi hwake hwekutaura, uye kusvika pari zvino kamwe chete akabvuma kunyengetedzwa neimpresario, achiita verist opera. Muna 1996, akaimba rwiyo rwechinzvimbo muMascagni's Iris kuRome Opera pasi pebaton of maestro G. Gelmetti, asi anoedza kusadzokorora chiitiko chakadaro, icho chinotaura nezvehunyanzvi hwekukura uye kugona kusarudza zvine musoro repertoire. Iyo discography yemuimbi wechidiki haisati yave yakakura, asi akatorekodha zvikamu zvake zvakanakisa - Semiramide, Lady Macbeth, Leonora, Medea. Rondedzero imwecheteyo inosanganisira chikamu cheOttavia muG. Pacini isingawanzo opera Zuva Rokupedzisira rePompeii.
Kutamba pachikuva cheDeutsche Oper muBerlin muna 2002 haisi nguva yekutanga Yano Tamar kusangana nechinzvimbo chemutambo wemumhanzi waLuigi Cherubini. Muna 1995, akatoimba Medea - chimwe chezvikamu zvakateura ropa zvakanyanya maererano nezvose zvinoshamisa zvemukati uye kuoma kwemazwi ezvikamu zvepasi rose opera repertoire - pamutambo weMartina Francia muPuglia. Nekudaro, kekutanga akaonekwa pachikuva mune yepakutanga vhezheni yechiFrench yeiyi opera ine nhaurirano dzekukurukurirana, iyo muimbi anoona yakanyanya kuoma kupfuura iyo inozivikanwa yeItaly vhezheni uye gare gare inoperekedza recitatives yakawedzerwa nemunyori.
Mushure mekutanga kwake kwakanaka muna 1992, mumakore gumi ebasa rake, Tamar akakura kuita prima donna chaiyo. Yano anga asingade kuenzaniswa kazhinji - neveruzhinji kana vatori venhau - nevamwe vake vane mukurumbira. Uyezve, muimbi ane ushingi uye chishuvo chekududzira zvikamu zvakasarudzwa nenzira yake, kuti ave neyake, yepakutanga maitiro ekuita. Zvishuwo izvi zvinopindiranawo zvakanaka nekududzirwa kwechikadzi kwechikamu cheMedea, chaakakurudzira padanho reDeutsche Oper. Tamari anoratidza muroyi ane godo uye, kazhinji, muurayi ane utsinye wevana vake amene, kwete semhuka, asi somukadzi akagumburwa zvikuru, akapererwa nezano uye anodada. Yano anoti, “Kusafara kwake chete uye kutadza kwake ndiko kunoita kuti ade kutsiva.” Maonero etsitsi akadaro emuurayi wemwana, maererano naTamari, akabatanidzwa mukusununguka kwemazuva ano zvachose. Tamar anonongedza kuenzana kwemurume nemukadzi, iyo pfungwa iri mumutambo weEuripides, uye inotungamira heroine, inova yechinyakare, yechinyakare, mumashoko aKarl Popper, "yakavharwa" nzanga, kumamiriro ezvinhu asina tariro akadaro. Dudziro yakadai inowana ruzha rwakakosha chaizvo mukugadzirwa uku naKarl-Ernst naUrzel Herrmann, apo vatungamiriri vanoedza kuratidza munhaurirano dzenhaurirano nguva pfupi dzehukama hwaivepo munguva yakapfuura pakati peMedea naJason: uye kunyangwe mavari Medea inoratidzika se. mukadzi asingazive anotya.
Vatsoropodzi vakarumbidza basa rokupedzisira remuimbi muBerlin. Eleonore Büning weFrankfurter Allgemeine anoti: “Soprano Jano Tamar anokunda zvipingamupinyi zvose zvenyika nokuimba kwake kunobaya mwoyo uye kunofadza zvechokwadi, zvichiita kuti tiyeuke unyanzvi hweCallas huru. Anopa Medea yake kwete chete nezwi rakasimba uye rinoshamisa zvikuru, asiwo anopa basa mavara akasiyana-siyana - runako, kupererwa, kuora mwoyo, kutsamwa - zvose zvinoita kuti muroyi ave munhu ane ngozi zvechokwadi. Klaus Geitel akadana kuverenga kwechikamu cheMedea chazvino. “Mai. Tamari, kunyange mumabiko akadaro, anotarisa parunako uye kuwirirana. Medea yake ndeyechikadzi, haina chekuita neanotyisa-mhondi kubva kungano yekare yeGreek. Anoedza kuita kuti zviito zve heroine yake zvinzwisise kune muoni. Anowana mavara ekuora mwoyo uye kuzvidemba, kwete chete kutsiva. Anoimba zvinyoro zvikuru, noushamwari uye kunzwa kukuru.” Uyewo, Peter Wolf anonyora, kuti: “Tamari anokwanisa kutaura nenzira yamanomano kutambudzwa kweMedhea, muroyi nomudzimai akarambwa, achiedza kudzora zvishuvo zvake zvokutsiva pamurume waakaita simba namashiripiti ake kupfurikidza nokunyengedza baba vake uye kuuraya munun’una wake; achibatsira Jason kuita zvaaida. Anti-heroine inotosemesa kupfuura Lady Macbeth? Hongu, uye kwete panguva imwe chete. Akapfeka zvakanyanya zvitsvuku, sekunge akagezeswa muhova dzine ropa, Tamari anopa muteereri kuimba kunotonga, anotora iwe, nekuti kwakanaka. Inzwi, kunyange mumarejisita ose, rinosvika kunetsana kukuru muchiitiko chekupondwa kwevakomana vaduku, uye kunyange ipapo inomutsa kumwe kunzwira tsitsi muvateereri. Mushoko, pane nyeredzi chaiyo pachikuva, ine zvese zvakaitwa zvekuva akakodzera Leonora muFidelio mune ramangwana, uye pamwe kunyange Wagnerian heroine. Kana vari vanoda mimhanzi yeBerlin, vari kutarisira kudzoka kwemuimbi wechiGeorgian muna 2003 kusvika padanho reDeutsche Oper, kwaachazoonekwazve pamberi pevanhu muCherubini's opera.
Kusanganiswa kwechifananidzo nehunhu hwemuimbi, zvirinani kusvika panguva yekupondwa kwevacheche, zvinotaridzika zvisingaite. Kazhinji, Yano anonzwa kusagadzikana kana akanzi prima donna. “Nhasi, zvinosuruvarisa, hakuna ma<em>prima donna chaiwo,” anogumisa kudaro. Ari kuwedzera kubatwa nekunzwa kuti rudo rwechokwadi rwehunyanzvi rwuri kurasika zvishoma nezvishoma. “Kunze kwevashoma, vakadai saCecilia Bartoli, hapana mumwe munhu anoimba nemwoyo nemweya,” anodaro muimbi wacho. Yano anoona kuimba kwaBartoli kwakakura zvechokwadi, pamwe chete muenzaniso wakakodzera kutevedzera.
Medea, Norma, Donna Anna, Semiramide, Lady Macbeth, Elvira ("Ernani"), Amelia ("Un ballo in maschera") - kutaura zvazviri, muimbi wacho akatoimba zvikamu zvakawanda zvikuru zveimba yakasimba ye soprano repertoire, yaaigona chete. hope dzepaakabva kumba kwake kuti vaenderere mberi nezvidzidzo zvavo kuItaly. Nhasi, Tamari anoedza kutsvaga mativi matsva muzvikamu zvakajairwa nega yega itsva yakagadzirwa. Iyi nzira inomuita kuti ave nehukama neCallas mukuru, uyo, semuenzaniso, ndiye ega akaita basa rakaoma zvikuru raNorma kanenge makumi mana, achigara achiunza nuances itsva kumufananidzo wakasikwa. Yano anotenda kuti akange aine rombo rakanaka munzira yake yekusika, nekuti nguva dzese munguva dzekusahadzika uye kunorwadza kutsvaga kwekugadzira, akasangana nevanhu vanodiwa, saSergio Segalini (nyanzvi director weMartina Francia festival - ed.), uyo akapa muimbi wechidiki. kuita chikamu chakaoma zvikuru cheMedhea pamutambo muPuglia uye haana kukanganisa mairi; kana Alberto Zedda, akasarudza Rossini's Semiramide kuti atange kuItaly; uye, hongu, Riccardo Muti, uyo Yano akaita rombo rakanaka kushanda naye kuLa Scala kuna Alice uye akamukurudzira kuti asamhanye kuwedzera repertoire, achiti nguva ndiyo mubatsiri akanakisa wekukura kwemuimbi. Yano akateerera zano iri, achizviona seropafadzo huru yekubatanidza basa uye hupenyu hwemunhu. Nekuda kwake, akasarudza kamwe uye zvachose: pasinei nokuti yakakura sei rudo rwake rwemimhanzi, mhuri yake inouya pakutanga, uye ipapo basa rake.
Mukugadzirira chinyorwa, zvinyorwa kubva kuGerman press zvakashandiswa.
A. Matusevich, operanews.ru
Ruzivo kubva kuBig Opera Dictionary yeKutsch-Riemens Singers:
* Yano Tamar akaberekwa muna Gumiguru 15, 1963 muKazbegi. Akatanga kutamba pachikuva muna 1989 paOpera House yeGeorgian capital.
** Paakanga ari soloist weTbilisi Opera House, Tamar akaita nhamba yezvikamu zveRussia repertoire (Zemfira, Natasha Rostova).
