Enrico Tamberlik (Enrico Tamberlik) |

Enrico Tamberlik

Tamberlik ndomumwe wevaimbi vakuru veItaly vezana remakore rechi16. Aiva nezwi rakanaka, rinodziya, resimba rinoshamisa, rine rejista yaipenya yepamusoro (akatora cis yepachipfuva chakakwirira). Enrico Tamberlic akaberekwa munaKurume 1820, XNUMX muRome. Akatanga kudzidza kuimba muRome, naK. Zerilli. Gare gare, Enrico akaenderera mberi nekuvandudza naG. Guglielmi muNaples, uye akazokudza hunyanzvi hwake naP. de Abella.

Muna 1837, Tamberlic akaita debut yake mukonzati muRoma - mune quartet kubva opera "Puritanes" naBellini, padariro yemitambo "Argentina". Gore rakatevera, Enrico akatora chikamu mumitambo yeRome Philharmonic Academy paApollo Theatre, kwaakaita muWilliam Tell (Rossini) naLucrezia Borgia (Donizetti).

Tamberlik akaita nyanzvi yake yekutanga muna 1841. PaNeapolitan theatre "Del Fondo" pasi pezita raamai vake Danieli, akaimba muBellini's opera "Montagues and Capulets". Ikoko, muNaples, mumakore 1841-1844, akaenderera mberi nebasa rake panzvimbo yemitambo "San Carlo". Kubva 1845, Tamberlik akatanga kushanya kune dzimwe nyika. Kutamba kwake muMadrid, Barcelona, ​​​​London (Covent Garden), Buenos Aires, Paris (Italian Opera), mumaguta ePortugal uye USA kunoitwa nekubudirira kukuru.

Muna 1850, Tamberlik akaimba kekutanga paItaly Opera muSt. Achibva muna 1856, muimbi akadzokera kuRussia makore matatu gare gare uye akaramba achiimba kusvikira 1864. Tamberlik akauyawo kuRussia gare gare, asi akaimba chete mumakonzati.

AA Gozenpud anonyora kuti: “Muimbi akatanhamara, mutambi ane tarenda, aiva nechipo chetapuro isingadzivisiki kuvateereri. Vakawanda vakaonga, zvisinei, kwete tarenda yemufananidzo unoshamisa, asi zvinyorwa zvake zvepamusoro - kunyanya zvinoshamisa musimba uye simba "C-yakapinza" ye octave yepamusoro; vamwe vainyanya kuuya kuimba yemitambo kuzonzwa kuti anotora mukurumbira wake sei. Asi pamwe chete ne "vanoziva" vakadaro paiva nevateereri vaiyemura kudzika uye mutambo wekuita kwake. Simba rekuda, rinosimbisa rehunyanzvi hwaTamberlik muzvikamu zvehugamba rakatemwa nenzvimbo yeruzhinji yemuimbi.

Sekureva kwaCui, "apo munaWilliam Tell ... akadanidzira nesimba" cercar la liberta ", vateereri vaigara vachimumanikidza kudzokorora mutsara uyu - chiratidzo chisina mhosva chekusununguka kwema60s."

Tamberlik anga atove weiyo nyowani yekuridza wave. Akanga ari muturikiri akatanhamara weVerdi. Zvisinei, nekubudirira kumwe chete akaimba mumitambo yeRossini neBellini, kunyange zvazvo vateveri vechikoro chekare vakaona kuti akanyanyisa zvikamu zvenziyo. Mumitambo yaRossini, pamwe naArnold, Tamberlik akakunda kukunda kwepamusoro munzvimbo yakaoma zvikuru yeOthello. Maererano nemafungiro evanhu vose, semuimbi akabata naRubini mairi, uye semutambi akamupfuura.

Muongororo yaRostislav, tinoverenga kuti: “Othello ibasa rakanakisa raTamberlik… Mune mamwe mabasa, ane maonero anoshamisa, nguva dzinonakidza, asi pano nhanho yega yega, kufamba kwese, ruzha rwese runotariswa zvakanyanya uye kunyangwe zvimwe zvinokonzeresa zvinobayirwa mukufarira ruzhinji. artistic yakakwana. Garcia naDonzelli (hatitaure Rubini, uyo akaimba chikamu ichi zvakanaka, asi akatamba zvakashata) akaratidzira Otello seimwe mhando yemazuva ekare paladin, ane tsika dzechivalrous, kusvika panguva yenjodzi, panguva iyo Othello akangoerekana ashanduka kuita chikara cheropa ... Tamberlik akanzwisisa chimiro chebasa nenzira yakasiyana zvachose: airatidza hafu-yemusango Moor, akangoerekana aiswa pamusoro weuto reVenetian, aidiwa nerukudzo, asi akachengeta zvachose kusavimba, kuvanzika uye kusimba kusingadzoreki kwehunhu hwevanhu. werudzi rwake. Kufunga kwakadzama kwaidiwa kuchengetedza chiremerera chakanaka cheMoor, chakasimudzirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu, uye panguva imwechete kuratidza mumvuri wechinyakare, hunhu. Iri ndiro basa kana chinangwa icho Tamberlik akatamburira kusvika panguva iyo Othello, akanyengerwa nekunyengera kwekunyengera kweIago, anobvisa chimiro chechiremera chekuMabvazuva uye anozvipinza mukushuva kwese kusingadzorwi, chido chemusango. Kushevedzera kwakakurumbira: si dopo lei toro! ndicho chikonzero nei ichivhundutsa vateereri kusvika pakadzika pemweya, kuti inobuda muchipfuva sekuchema kwemoyo wakuvadzwa ... kunzwisisa uye kuratidzwa kwehunyanzvi kwehunhu hwegamba raShakespeare.

Mukududzirwa kwaTamberlik, fungidziro huru yakaitwa kwete nemimhanzi kana yerudo, asi nemagamba anokatyamadza, anonzwisa tsitsi. Sezviri pachena, akanga asiri wevaimbi veimba yokuchengetera zvinhu yevakuru.

Muimbi weRussia uye mutsoropodzi wemimhanzi AN Serov, uyo aisakwanisa kuverengerwa kune nhamba yevanoyemura tarenda raTamberlik. Izvo, zvisinei, hazvimutadzisi (zvichida zvinopesana nekuda kwake) kubva pakucherechedza kunaka kwemuimbi weItaly. Hezvino zvidimbu kubva muongororo yake yeMeyerbeer's Guelphs uye Ghibellines paBolshoi Theatre. Pano Tamberlik anoita basa raRaul, iro, maererano naSerov, harina kumukodzera zvachose: "Mr. Tamberlik muchiito chekutanga (kubatanidza 1st uye 2nd zviito zvepakutanga zvibodzwa) zvakaratidzika kunge zvisiri panzvimbo. Kudanana kwaiitwa neviola kwakapfuura zvisina ruvara. Muchiitiko apo vaenzi vaNevers vanotarisa nepahwindo kuti vaone kuti ndeupi mukadzi akauya kuzoona Nevers, VaTamberlik havana kunyatsoteerera kuti mitambo yaMeyerbeer inoda nguva dzose inoshamisa inoitwa kunyange muzviitiko izvo pasina chinopiwa kune izwi. kunze kwemashoko mapfupi, zvidimbu zvidimbu. Mutambi asingapindi munzvimbo yemunhu waanomiririra, uyo, nenzira yeItaly, anomirira chete aria yake kana solo huru mu morceaux densemble, ari kure nezvinodiwa zvemimhanzi yaMeyerbeer. Kukanganisa kwakafanana kwakabuda zvakanyanya muchiitiko chekupedzisira chechiito. Kuputsika naValentina pamberi pababa vake, pamberi pemuchinda uye nedare rose, hazvigoni asi kukonzera kufara kwakasimba, nzira dzose dzerudo rwakagumburwa muRaul, uye Mr. Tamberlik vakaramba vachiita sechapupu chekunze kune zvose izvo zvakaitika zvakamupoteredza.

Muchiito chechipiri (chiito chechitatu chepakutanga) mune yakakurumbira septet yechirume, chikamu chaRaoul chinopenya nekushevedzera kunoshanda zvakanyanya pamanotsi akanyanya. Kudanidzira kwakadaro, VaTamberlik vakanga vari gamba uye, chokwadika, vakakurudzira vateereri vose. Vakabva vakumbira kudzokororwa kweichi chiitiko chakaparadzana, zvisinei nekubatana kwacho kusinga patsanuke nevamwe, kunyangwe chiitiko chinoshamisa chechiitiko ichi ...

… Mutambo mukuru naValentina wakaitwawo naVaTamberlik nechido uye wakapfuura zvinonwisa mvura, kungozengurira, kuzunguzika kweinzwi raVaTamberlik kwaisamboenderana nevavariro yaMeyerbeer. Kubva pamaitiro edu aya di forza achigara achidedera nezwi rake, nzvimbo dzinoitika apo zvachose manotsi ose akanyorwa nemunyori anobatanidzwa kuva mamwe emhando yeruzha rusingaverengeki.

... Mune quintet yechiito chekutanga, gamba remutambo rinoonekwa pachikuva - mutaman weFra Diavolo bhendi remakororo pasi pekunge dapper Marquis San Marco. Munhu anogona kungonzwira VaTamberlik tsitsi mubasa iri. Wedu Othello haazive, murombo, maitiro ekuita nechikamu chakanyorwa murejista hazvigoneke kune muimbi weItaly.

… Fra Diavolo inotaurwa kune mabasa ekutamba tenors (spiel-tenor). VaTamberlik, semuItaly virtuoso, ndewevasiri-kutamba ma tenors, uye sezvo divi rezwi rechikamu chake muchikamu ichi risingamufambire zvakanaka, hapana paanogona kutaura pano.

Asi mabasa akadai saRaul achiri akasiyana. Tamberlik aisiyaniswa nekukwana kwehunyanzvi hwekutaura, kudzika kunoshamisa kutaura. Kunyangwe mumakore ake ekuderera, apo pesvedzero inoparadza yenguva yakabata izwi rake, achichengetedza chete kumusoro, Tamberlik akashamiswa nekupinda kwekuita kwake. Pakati pemabasa ake akanakisa ndiOtello muRossini opera yezita rimwe chetero, Arnold muWilliam Tell, Duke muRigoletto, John muMuporofita, Raul muThe Huguenots, Masaniello muThe Mute of Portici, Manrico muIl trovatore, Ernani muVerdi's opera. wezita rimwe chetero, Faust.

Tamberlik aiva murume ane maonero ezvematongerwo enyika anofambira mberi. Ari muMadrid muna 1868, akagamuchira chimurenga chakanga chatanga uye, achiisa upenyu hwake pangozi, akaita Marseillaise pamberi pevanamambo. Mushure mekushanya kweSpain muna 1881-1882, muimbi akasiya nhandare.

W. Chechott akanyora muna 1884, kuti: “Kupfuura nakare kose, uye munhu upi noupi, Tamberlik zvino akaimba nomweya wake, uye kwete nenzwi rake bedzi. Mweya wake ndiwo unodedera muruzha rwese, unoita kuti mwoyo yevateereri kudedera, unopinda mumweya yavo neimwe yezvirevo zvake.

Tamberlic akafa musi waKurume 13, 1889 muParis.