Henriette Sontag |

Henrietta Sontag

Henrietta Sontag ndomumwe wevanonyanya kufarirwa vaimbi vekuEurope vezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Aive nezwi rinotyisa, rinochinjika, risinganzwisisike runhare rwetimbre yakanaka, ine sonorous high rejista. Hunhu hweunyanzvi hwemuimbi huri padyo neiyo virtuoso coloratura uye nziyo dzenziyo muma opera eMozart, Weber, Rossini, Bellini, Donizetti.

Henrietta Sontag (zita chairo Gertrude Walpurgis-Sontag; murume waRossi) akaberekwa muna Ndira 3, 1806 muKoblenz, mumhuri yevatambi. Akatora dariro achiri mwana. Mutambi wechidiki akagona hunyanzvi hwekutaura muPrague: muna 1816-1821 akadzidza panzvimbo yekugara. Akaita debut yake muna 1820 paPrague opera stage. Pashure paizvozvo, akaimba muguta guru Austria. Mukurumbira wakapararira wakaita kuti atore chikamu mune zvigadzirwa zveOpera yaWeber "Evryanta". Muna 1823 K.-M. Weber, anzwa kuimba kwaSontag, akamuraira kuti ave wekutanga kuita basa guru mumutambo wake mutsva. Muimbi wechidiki haana kuodza moyo uye akaimba nekubudirira kukuru.

Muna 1824, L. Beethoven akapa Sontag, pamwe chete nemuimbi wekuHungary Caroline Ungar, kuti aite zvikamu zvake oga muMisa muna D Major uye Ninth Symphony.

Pakazoitwa Misa Yemhemberero neSymphony nekwaya, Henrietta akanga ava nemakore makumi maviri, Caroline akanga ava nemakore makumi maviri nerimwe. Beethoven akanga aziva vaimbi vose kwemwedzi inoverengeka; akavapinza mumba. “Sezvo vakaedza nepavaigona napo kutsvoda maoko angu,” anonyorera mukoma wake Johann, “uye sezvo akanaka kwazvo, ndakasarudza kuvatsvoda nemiromo yangu.”

Hezvino zvakataurwa naE. Herriot: "Caroline anonakidza kuitira kuti azvichengetere chikamu mu "Melusine" chaiyo, iyo Beethoven akaronga kunyora pamashoko eGrillparzer. Schindler anozivisa kuti "uyu ndiye Dhiyabhorosi pachake, azere nemoto uye fungidziro". Kufunga nezve Sontag yeFidelio. Beethoven akavapa mabasa ake makuru maviri. Asi kudzokorora, sezvataona, kwakanga kusina matambudziko. “Uri mudzvinyiriri wezwi,” Caroline akamuudza kudaro. "Manotsi aya epamusoro," Henrietta akamubvunza, "ungaatsiva here?" Muimbi anoramba kushandura kunyangwe diki diki, kuita chibvumirano chidiki kune nzira yeItalia, kutsiva kanoti kamwechete. Nekudaro, Henrietta anotenderwa kuimba yake mezzo voce chikamu. Vakadzi vaduku vakachengeta ndangariro inofadza zvikurusa youyu batira pamwe, makore mazhinji gare gare vakabvuma kuti nguva imwe neimwe yavaipinda mukamuri raBeethoven nokunzwa kumwe cheteko uko vatendi vanoyambuka nako chikumbaridzo chetembere.

Mugore rimwe chetero, Sontag ichave nekukunda muLeipzig mumitambo yeThe Free Gunner uye Evryants. Muna 1826, muParis, muimbi akaimba zvikamu zveRosina muRossini's The Barber of Seville, achishamisa vateereri vakasarudza nekusiyana kwake muchidzidzo chekuimba.

Mukurumbira wemuimbi uyu uri kukura kubva pakuita basa kusvika pakuridza. Imwe mushure meimwe, maguta matsva eEurope anopinda mukufamba kwake kwekushanya. Mumakore akatevera, Sontag yakaitwa muBrussels, The Hague, London.

Muchinda anoyevedza Pückler-Muskau, akasangana nemutambi muLondon muna 1828, akabva akundwa naye. “Kudai ndaiva mambo,” iye aigara achitaura, “ndaizobvuma kutakurwa naye. Anoita kunge katsotsi chaiko. " Pückler anoyemura Henrietta zvechokwadi. “Anotamba sengirozi; akatsva zvisingaite uye akanaka, panguva imwe chete akapfava, anorota uye ane toni yakanakisa.

Pückler akasangana naye ku von Bulow's, akamunzwa muDon Giovanni, akamukwazisa kuseri kwesiteji, akasangana naye zvakare pakonzati paDuke yeDevonshire, apo muimbi akaseka muchinda nemahara asingakuvadzi. Sontag yakagamuchirwa nechido munzanga yeChirungu. Esterhazy, Clenwilliam ari kutsva nekumuda. Püclair anotakura Henriette kuti akwire, anoshanyira nharaunda dzeGreenwich mukambani yake, uye, atorwa moyo zvachose, anoshuva kumuroora. Zvino anotaura nezveSontag nenzwi rakasiyana: “Zvinoshamisa zvamazvirokwazvo nzira iyo musikana muduku uyu akachengeta kuchena kwake nokusava nemhaka mumhoteredzo yakadaro; iyo fluff inovhara ganda remuchero yakachengetedza hutsva hwayo hwose.

Muna 1828, Sontag akaroora muchivande mumiriri weItaly Count Rossi, aimbova mumiriri weSardinian kuThe Hague. Makore maviri gare gare, mambo wePrussia akakwidziridza muimbi wacho kune vanokudzwa.

Pückler akarwadziwa zvikuru nekukundwa kwake sezvaizobvumira hunhu hwake. MuMuskau Park, akamisa bhaisikopo remuimbi. Paakafa muna 1854 parwendo rwokuenda kuMexico, muchinda akavaka temberi chaiyo mundangariro yake muBranitsa.

Zvichida kuguma kwenzira yeunyanzvi yeSontag kwaiva kugara kwake muSt. Petersburg neMoscow muna 1831. Vateereri vokuRussia vakakoshesa zvikuru unyanzvi hwomuimbi weGermany. Zhukovsky uye Vyazemsky vakataura naye nechido, vadetembi vakawanda vakatsaurira nhetembo kwaari. Nguva refu gare gare, Stasov akacherechedza "Runako rweRaphaelian uye nyasha dzekutaura."

Sontag aive nezwi risingawanzo purasitiki uye coloratura virtuosity. Akakunda vakararama panguva yake zvose mumaopera uye mumakonzati emitambo. Yakanga isiri pasina iyo muimbi vekwake vakamudaidza kuti "German nightingale."

Zvichida ndicho chikonzero rudo rwaAlyabyev rwakakurumbira rwakamufadza panguva yekushanya kwake kuMoscow. Anotaura pamusoro peizvi zvakadzama mubhuku rake rinonakidza "Mapeji eAA Alyabyeva" nyanzvi yemimhanzi B. Steinpress. “Aifarira zvikuru rwiyo rwaAlyabyev rwechiRussia “The Nightingale,” akanyora kudaro mutungamiriri weMoscow A.Ya. kumukoma wake. Bulgakov akataura mashoko emuimbi uyu: “Mwanasikana wenyu akanaka akandiimbira rimwe zuva rimwe zuva, uye ndakarifarira zvikuru; unofanirwa kuronga mavhesi semisiyano, iyi aria inodiwa pano uye ndinoda kuiimba". Wese munhu akatendera zano rake, uye ... zvakasarudzwa kuti aimbe ... "Nightingale". Akabva angonyora mutsauko wakanaka, uye ndakashinga kumuperekedza; haabvume kuti handizivi kana noti imwe chete. Wese munhu akatanga kupararira, ndakagara naye kusvika kumaXNUMX:XNUMX, akadzokorora mazwi nemimhanzi yeNightingale zvakare, apinda zvakanyanya mumimhanzi iyi, uye, zvirokwazvo, ichafadza munhu wese.

Uye saka zvakaitika musi waChikunguru 28, 1831, apo muenzi akaita rudo rwaAlyabyev pabhora rakarongwa mukukudzwa kwake naGavhuna Mukuru weMoscow. Kushingairira kubvutwa, asi munzanga dzepamusoro muimbi ane hunyanzvi haaigona kurega kuzvidza. Izvi zvinogona kutongwa nemutsara mumwe kubva mutsamba yaPushkin. Achitsiura mudzimai wake kuti aende kune rimwe remabhora, nyanduri uyu akanyora kuti: “Handidi kuti mudzimai wangu aende uko muridzi webhora anozvibvumira kusava nehanya uye kusaremekedza. Iwe hausi m-lle Sontag, uyo anodanwa manheru, uye ipapo ivo havamutarise.

Mukutanga 30s, Sontag akasiya opera danho, asi akaramba achiita mumakonzati. Muna 1838, ramangwana rakamuunza zvakare kuSt. Kwemakore matanhatu murume wake, the Count of Rossi, aive mumiriri weSardinia pano.

Muna 1848, matambudziko emari akamanikidza Sontag kudzokera kuimba yeopera. Pasinei nekuzorora kwenguva refu, kukunda kwake kutsva kwakatevera muLondon, Brussels, Paris, Berlin, uyezve mhiri kwemakungwa. Nguva yekupedzisira yaakateererwa aive muguta guru reMexico. Ikoko akafira kamwe kamwe musi waJune 17, 1854.