Nikolay Semenovych Golovanov (Nikolay Golovanov) |

Nikolay Golovanov

Zvakaoma kuwedzeredza basa remuimbi uyu anoshamisa mukusimudzira tsika yeSoviet yekuitisa. Kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana, basa raGolovanov rinobereka zvibereko rakaenderera mberi, richisiya chiratidzo chakakosha pamutambo we opera uye muhupenyu hwemakonti enyika. Akaunza tsika mhenyu dzechiRussian classics mudiki Soviet kuita art.

Muhuduku hwake, Golovanov akagamuchira chikoro chakanakisisa paMoscow Synodal School (1900-1909), kwaakadzidziswa nevaimbi vekwaya vakakurumbira V. Orlov naA. Kastalsky. Muna 1914 akapedza kudzidza nerukudzo kubva kuMoscow Conservatory mukirasi yekunyora pasi peM. Ippolitov-Ivanov naS. Vasilenko. Nenguva isipi kondakita wechidiki akange atotanga basa rakasimba rekusika paBolshoi Theatre. Muna 1919, Golovanov akaita mutambo wake wekutanga pano - pasi pekutungamirirwa kwake Rimsky-Korsakov opera The Tale of Tsar Saltan yakaitwa.

Mabasa aGolovanov aive akanyanya uye akazara. Mumakore ekutanga echimurenga, aifarira kutora chikamu mukuronga opera studio paBolshoi Theatre (yakazotevera iyo Stanislavsky Opera House), akaperekedza AV Nezhdanova pakushanya kwake kuWestern Europe (1922-1923), anonyora mimhanzi. akanyora maopera maviri, symphony, dzakawanda dzerudo uye mamwe mabasa), anodzidzisa opera uye ochestra makirasi paMoscow Conservatory (1925-1929). Kubva 1937, Golovanov akatungamirira All-Union Radio Grand Symphony Orchestra, iyo, pasi pehutungamiriri hwake, yakava imwe yemapoka emimhanzi munyika.

Kwemakumi emakore, mitambo yekonzati yaGolovanov yaiva chikamu chinokosha chehupenyu hweunyanzvi hweSoviet Union. N. Anosov akanyora kuti: “Paunofunga nezvechifananidzo chekugadzira chaNikolai Semenovich Golovanov, hunhu hwake hwenyika hunoratidzika kuva chinhu chikuru, chinonyanya hunhu. Nzvimbo yeRussia yenyika yekusika inopindirana nekuita kwaGolovanov, kuitisa uye kuumba zviitiko.

Chokwadi, kondakita akaona basa rake guru muparaganda uye kupararira kwese-kwese kweRussia classical music. Muzvirongwa zvemanheru ake e-symphony, mazita aTchaikovsky, Mussorgsky, Borodin, Rimsky-Korsakov, Scriabin, Glazunov, Rachmaninov aiwanzowanikwa. Achitendeukira kumabasa emumhanzi weSoviet, akatarisa kutanga kune zvese zvakatevedzana maficha maererano neRussia classics; hazvina kuitika kuti Golovanov ndiye aiva mutambi wekutanga weFifth, Sixth, Twenty-Second Symphonies uye N. Myaskovsky's "Greeting Overture".

Bhizinesi guru rehupenyu hwaGolovanov raiva mumhanzi wemitambo. Uye pano pfungwa dzake dzaive dzakangotarisana neRussia opera classics. Iyo Bolshoi Theatre yakaronga zvingangoita makumi maviri ekutanga-kirasi zvigadzirwa pasi pekuraira kwake. Repertoire ye conductor yakashongedzwa naRuslan naLyudmila, Eugene Onegin, The Queen of Spades, Boris Godunov, Khovanshchina, Sorochinskaya Fair, Prince Igor, The Tale of Tsar Saltan, Sadko, The Tsar's Bride, May Night, Husiku Pamberi peKisimusi, The Golden Cockerel, The Tale of the Invisible City of Kitezh uye Maiden Fevronia-mune shoko, inenge yose yakanakisisa operas nevanyori veRussia.

Zvinoshamisa kuti Golovanov akanzwa zvinyoro-nyoro uye aiziva nezve opera siteji. Kuumbwa kwemitemo yake yemitambo kwainyanya kushandiswa nekushanda pamwe chete naA. Nezhdanova, F. Chaliapin, P. Sobinov. Maererano nevemazuva ano, Golovanov aigara achinyatsoongorora maitiro ose ehupenyu hwemitambo, kusvika pakuiswa kwenzvimbo. MuchiRussian opera, akanyanya kukwezvwa nehukuru hwakakura, chiyero chepfungwa, uye kusimba kwemanzwiro. Aine ruzivo rwakadzama rwemashoko, akakwanisa kushanda zvine zvibereko nevaimbi, asinganeti achitsvaka kuratidzwa kweunyanzvi kubva kwavari. M. Maksakova anoyeuka kuti: “Simba remashiripiti zvechokwadi rakabva kwaari. Kungovapo kwake dzimwe nguva kwaikwana kuti anzwe mimhanzi nenzira itsva, kuti anzwisise mamwe aimbove akavanzwa nuances. Apo Golovanov akamira seri kwekoni, ruoko rwake rwakagadzira ruzha nehupamhi hwepamusoro, rusingabvumiri "kupararira". Chishuvo chake chekusimbisa kwakasimba pane zvine simba uye tempo gradations dzimwe nguva zvakakonzera kukakavara. Asi neimwe nzira, kondakita akawana ratidziro yakajeka younyanzvi.”

Golovanov akashanda neochestra achiramba uye aine chinangwa. Nyaya dze "utsinye" hwaGolovanov kune orchestra dzakava dzinenge ngano. Asi izvi zvaingova zvishuwo zvisingachinjiki zvemuimbi, basa rake semuimbi. "Vanoti conductor anomanikidza kuda kwevatambi, anozviisa pasi pake," akadaro Golovanov. -Ichi ichokwadi uye chinodiwa, asi, hongu, mukati memiganhu inonzwisisika. Pakuitwa kwechinhu chimwe chete, panofanira kuva nechido chimwe chete. Izvi zvinoda, nemoyo wake wese, simba rake rose Golovanov akapa kubasa remimhanzi yeRussia.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek