Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser |

Alexander Goldenweiser

Mudzidzisi ane mukurumbira, mutambi ane tarenda, munyori wenziyo, mupepeti wemimhanzi, mutsoropodzi, munyori, chimiro cheveruzhinji - Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser akabudirira kuita mune zvese izvi kwemakumi emakore. Agara aine zivo isinganeti. Izvi zvinoshandawo kumimhanzi pachayo, umo erudition yake yaisaziva miganhu, izvi zvinoshandawo kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzehunyanzvi hwekugadzira, izvi zvinoshandawo kune hupenyu pachahwo mukuratidzwa kwayo kwakasiyana. Nyota yeruzivo, kuwanda kwezvido zvakamuunza kuYasnaya Polyana kuti aone Leo Tolstoy, zvakaita kuti atevere zvinyorwa zvemabhuku uye zvemitambo neshungu dzakafanana, kukwira nekudzika kwemitambo yepasirose chess korona. “Alexander Borisovich,” akanyora kudaro S. Feinberg, “anogara achifarira zvikuru zvinhu zvose zvitsva muupenyu, mabhuku nemimhanzi. Zvisinei, kuva mutorwa kune snobbery, pasinei nenzvimbo iyo inogona kunetsa, anoziva nzira yekuwana nayo, pasinei nekuchinja kwekukurumidza kwemafashoni uye zvinokuvaraidza, kutsungirira tsika - zvose zvinokosha uye zvinokosha. Uye izvi zvakataurwa mumazuva iwayo apo Goldenweiser akasvitsa makore 85!

Kuva mumwe wevakatanga chikoro cheSoviet chepiyano. Goldenweiser akafananidzira kubatana kune zvibereko kwenguva, achipfuudza kuzvizvarwa zvitsva zvibvumirano zvevaakararama panguva yake nevadzidzisi. Mushure mezvose, nzira yake mune unyanzvi yakatanga pakupera kwezana remakore rapfuura. Nokufamba kwemakore, aifanira kusangana nevaimbi vakawanda, vanyori, vanyori, avo vaiva nemigumisiro inokosha pakukura kwake kwekusika. Nekudaro, zvichibva pamashoko aGoldenweiser pachake, pano munhu anogona kutsanangura kiyi, nguva dzesarudzo.

Hudiki… "Maonero angu ekutanga emumhanzi," Goldenweiser akayeuka, "Ndakatambira kubva kuna amai vangu. Amai vangu vakanga vasina tarenda rakatanhamara rokuimba; muhuduku hwake akatora zvidzidzo zvepiyano muMoscow kwenguva yakati kubva kuGarras ane mukurumbira. Akaimbawo zvishoma. Aiva nemimhanzi yakanaka. Akatamba uye akaimba Mozart, Beethoven, Schubert, Schumann, Chopin, Mendelssohn. Baba kazhinji vaisavapo pamba manheru, uye, vari voga, amai vairidza mumhanzi manheru ose. Isu vana taiwanzomuteerera, uye pataienda kunorara, takajaira kurara tichinzwa ruzha rwemimhanzi yake.

Gare gare, akadzidza kuMoscow Conservatory, kwaakapedza kudzidza muna 1895 semupiyano uye muna 1897 semuimbi. AI Siloti naPA Pabst vadzidzisi vake vepiyano. Achiri mudzidzi (1896) akapa konzati yake yekutanga yega muMoscow. Muimbi wechidiki akagona hunyanzvi hwekunyora achitungamirwa naMM Ippolitov-Ivanov, AS Arensky, SI Taneyev. Mumwe nemumwe wevadzidzisi ava vakakurumbira mune imwe nzira kana imwe akavandudza ruzivo rweGoldenweiser, asi zvidzidzo zvake naTaneyev uye nekuzobatana kwepedyo naye kwakave nesimba guru pajaya.

Mumwe musangano unokosha: “Muna January 1896, tsaona inofadza yakandiunza kumba kwaLeo Tolstoy. Zvishoma nezvishoma ndakava munhu wepedyo naye kusvika pakufa kwake. Pesvedzero yokuva pedyo uku paupenyu hwangu hwose yakanga yakakurisa. Semuimbi, LN yakatanga kundiratidza basa guru rekuunza unyanzvi hwemimhanzi pedyo neruzhinji rwevanhu. (Nezvekurukurirano yake nomunyori mukuru, aizonyora bhuku rine mavhoriyamu maviri “Near Tolstoy” gare gare zvikuru.) Zvirokwazvo, mumibato yake inoshanda somuimbi wekonzati, Goldenweiser, kunyange mumakore echimurenga chisati chavapo, akatamburira kuva mutambi. mudzidzisi muimbi, achikwezva madenderedzwa edemocracy yevateereri kumimhanzi. Anoronga makonzati evateereri vanoshanda, achitaura paimba yeRussian Sobriety Society, muYasnaya Polyana akabata makonzati ekutanga-hurukuro dzevarimi, uye anodzidzisa kuMoscow People's Conservatory.

Iri divi rekuita kweGoldenweiser rakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya mumakore ekutanga mushure meGumiguru, apo kwemakore akati wandei akatungamira Musical Council, yakarongeka padanho reAV Lunacharsky: ” Dhipatimendi. Dhipatimendi iri rakatanga kuronga hurukuro, makonzati, uye mitambo yekubatsira ruzhinji rwevanhu. Ndakaendako ndokupa mabasa angu. Zvishoma nezvishoma bhizinesi rakakura. Zvadaro, sangano iri rakava pasi pekutonga kweMoscow Council uye rakaendeswa kuMoscow Department of Public Education (MONO) uye rakavapo kusvika 1917. Takaumba madhipatimendi: mimhanzi (konzati uye dzidzo), yemitambo, hurukuro. Ndakatungamirira dhipatimendi remakonzati, umo vaimbi vakakurumbira vanoverengeka vakabatanidzwa. Takaronga mapoka emakonzati. N. Obukhova, V. Barsova, N. Raissky, B. Sibor, M, Blumenthal-Tamarina nevamwe vakapinda muchikwata changu … Mabrigade edu aishandira mafekitari, mafekitari, mayuniti eRed Army, masangano edzidzo, makirabhu. Takaenda kunzvimbo dziri kure zvikuru dzeMoscow munguva yechando tichitasva zvireyi, uye mumamiriro okunze anodziya pamasherufu asina mvura; dzimwe nguva inoitirwa mumakamuri anotonhora, asina kupisa. Kunyanguvezvo, iri basa rakapa vatori vechikamu kugutsikana kukuru kwounyanzvi netsika. Vateereri (kunyanya apo basa rakaitwa zvakarongeka) vakapindura zvakajeka kumabasa akaitwa; pakupera kwekonsati, vakabvunza mibvunzo, vakatumira zvinyorwa zvakawanda ... "

Kudzidzira kweanoridza piyano kwakaenderera mberi kweanopfuura hafu yezana ramakore. Achiri mudzidzi, akatanga kudzidzisa paMoscow Orphan's Institute, ipapo akanga ari purofesa panzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu paMoscow Philharmonic Society. Zvisinei, muna 1906, Goldenweiser akabatanidza kuguma kwake nokusingaperi neMoscow Conservatory. Pano akadzidzisa vaimbi vanopfuura 200. Mazita evadzidzi vake vakawanda anozivikanwa zvikuru - S. Feinberg, G. Ginzburg. R. Tamarkina, T. Nikolaeva, D. Bashkirov, L. Berman, D. Blagoy, L. Sosina… Sokunyora kwakaita S. Feinberg, “Goldenweiser aibata vadzidzi vake zvakanaka uye nehanya. Akanyatsoona mafambiro emudiki, asati asimba tarenda. Kangani isu takave nechokwadi nezve kurongeka kwake, apo mudiki, aiita seasinganzwisisike kuratidzwa kwekutanga kwekugadzira, akafungidzira tarenda rakakura rakanga risati rawanikwa. Sezvineiwo, vadzidzi veGoldenweiser vakapfuura nemunzira yese yekudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi - kubva paudiki kusvika pakupedza chikoro. Saka, kunyanya, kwaiva kuguma kwaG. Ginzburg.

Kana tikabata mamwe mapfundo omuitiro mumuitiro womudzidzisi akatanhamara, ipapo zvakakodzera kududza mashoko aD. Blagoy: “Goldenweiser amene haana kuzvirangarira amene senyanzvi yokuridza piyano, nokuzvininipisa achizviti mudzidzisi anodzidzira bedzi. Kururama uye kupfupika kwekutaura kwake kwakatsanangurwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, nekuti akakwanisa kukwevera pfungwa dzevadzidzi kune huru, nguva yakasarudzika mubasa uye panguva imwechete yekucherechedza zvese zvidiki zvidiki zvekuumbwa. nekururama kunoshamisa, kukoshesa kukosha kwechimwe nechimwe chekunzwisisa uye kusanganisa zvese. Vachisiyaniswa nehukuru hwakasimba, zvese zvakataurwa naAlexander Borisovich Goldenweiser zvakatungamira kune zvakakomba uye zvakadzika zvakakosha generalizations. Vamwe vaimbi vakawanda vakapasawo chikoro chakanakisisa mukirasi yeGoldenweiser, pakati pavo vanyori S. Evseev, D. Kabalevsky. V. Nechaev, V. Fere, munyori wenziyo L. Roizman.

Uye nguva yose iyi, kusvika pakati pe-50s, akaramba achipa makonzati. Kune manheru ega ega, mitambo ine symphony orchestra, uye kubatanidza mimhanzi naE. Izai, P. Casals, D. Oistrakh, S. Knushevitsky, D. Tsyganov, L. Kogan uye mamwe maartist ane mukurumbira. Sezvakaita chero muimbi mukuru. Goldenweiser yakanga ine yepakutanga pianistic maitiro. "Hatisi kutsvaga simba remuviri, kukwezva kwenyama mumutambo uyu," A. Alschwang akadaro, "asi tinowana mithunzi isinganyatsooneki mairi, maonero akatendeseka kune munyori ari kuitwa, basa rakanaka, tsika huru yechokwadi - uye izvi zvakakwana kuita kuti mamwe maitiro atenzi kwenguva yakareba ayeuke nevateereri. Hatikanganwi dzimwe dudziro dzaMozart, Beethoven, Schumann pasi peminwe yaA. Goldenweiser.” Kune mazita aya munhu anogona kuwedzera zvakachengeteka Bach uye D. Scarlatti, Chopin naTchaikovsky, Scriabin naRachmaninoff. “Muzivi mukuru wemabhuku emimhanzi ekare echiRussian neekuMadokero,” akanyora kudaro S. Feinberg, “aiva nerepertoire yakafara zvikuru… Unyanzvi hwakasiyana-siyana nounyanzvi hwaAlexander Borisovich hunogona kuonekwa nokugona kwaakaita zvitayera zvakasiyana-siyana zvepiyano. mabhuku. Akabudirira zvakaenzana mune filigree Mozart maitiro uye nekukasira kunatswa hunhu hwekusika kwaScriabin.

Sezvauri kuona, kana zvasvika kune Goldenweiser-performer, imwe yekutanga izita raMozart. Mimhanzi yake, zvechokwadi, yakaperekedza piano kweanenge hupenyu hwake hwese hwekusika. Mune imwe yeongororo ye30s tinoverenga: "Goldenweiser's Mozart anozvitaurira, sekunge ari mumunhu wekutanga, anotaura zvakadzama, zvinogutsa uye zvinonakidza, pasina nzira dzenhema uye pop pose ... Zvese zviri nyore, zvakasikwa uye ndezvechokwadi ... pasi peminwe. yeGoldenweiser inouya kuhupenyu kushanduka-siyana kwese kweMozart - murume uye muimbi - kupenya kwezuva uye kusuwa, kushushikana uye kufungisisa, kushinga uye nyasha, ushingi uye unyoro. Uyezve, nyanzvi dzinowana kutanga kwaMozart mukududzirwa kweGoldenweiser kwemimhanzi yevamwe vanyori.

Mabasa aChopin agara aine nzvimbo yakakosha muzvirongwa zvemupiyano. A. Nikolaev anosimbisa kuti: “Nekuravira kukuru uye nechitarisiko chinoshamisa, “Goldenweiser inokwanisa kuburitsa ruzha rwenziyo dzenziyo dzaChopin, chimiro chepolyphonic chejira rake remimhanzi. Chimwe chezvimiro zveGoldenweiser's piaanism ndeye pakati nepakati pedalization, imwe graphic chimiro cheakajeka contours emumhanzi pateni, ichisimbisa kutaura kwemutsara wemelodic. Zvese izvi zvinopa kuita kwake kunaka kwakasiyana, kuyeuchidza hukama pakati pemataera aChopin nepiyano yaMozart.

Vose vanyori vakataurwa, uye pamwe chete navo Haydn, Liszt, Glinka, Borodin, vaivawo chinhu chakatariswa naGoldenweiser, mupepeti wemimhanzi. Mazhinji mabasa echinyakare, anosanganisira sonatas aMozart, Beethoven, piyano yese Schumann anouya kuvatambi nhasi mune yemuenzaniso edition yeGoldenweiser.

Pakupedzisira, kunofanira kutaurwa nezvemabasa eGoldenweiser munyori. Akanyora maopera matatu ("Mutambo Munguva Yedenda", "Vaimbi" uye "Mvura dzeSpring"), orchestral, chamber-instrumental uye piyano zvidimbu, uye zverudo.

… Saka akararama hupenyu hurefu, azere nebasa. Uye haana kumboziva rugare. “Uyo akazvipira kuita unyanzvi,” muridzi wepiyano aifarira kudzokorora, “anofanira kugara achivavarira kufambira mberi. Kusaenda mberi zvinoreva kudzokera kumashure. Alexander Borisovich Goldenweiser aigara achitevera chikamu chakanaka cheiyi thesis yake.

Lit.: Goldenweiser AB Zvinyorwa, zvinhu, memoirs / Comp. uye ed. DD Blagoy. – M., 1969; Paunyanzvi hwemimhanzi. Sat. zvinyorwa, - M., 1975.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.

Zvinyorwa:

opareta – Mabiko panguva denda (1942), Singers (1942-43), Spring mvura (1946-47); cantata – Chiedza chaGumiguru (1948); yeorchestra - overture (mushure meDante, 1895-97), 2 Russian suites (1946); Chamber instrumental works - tambo quartet (1896; 2nd edition 1940), vatatu mukurangarira SV Rachmaninov (1953); ye violin nepiyano — Nhetembo (1962); zvepiyano -Nziyo gumi neina dzechimurenga (14), Contrapuntal sketches (1932 mabhuku, 2), Polyphonic sonata (1932), Sonata fungidziro (1954), nezvimwewo, nziyo uye dzerudo.