Karl (Karoy) Goldmark (Karl Goldmark) |

Karl Goldmark

Hupenyu uye basa raKaroly Goldmark inguva dzose kurwira chingwa, kurwira ruzivo, kune nzvimbo muhupenyu, kuda runako, hukuru, hunyanzvi.

Zvisikwa zvakapa muumbi unyanzvi hunokosha: mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvikuru, nekuda kwekuda kwesimbi, Goldmark aibatanidzwa mukuzvidzidzisa, achidzidza nguva dzose. Kunyangwe muhupenyu hwakapfuma kwazvo, hwakasiyana-siyana hwemumhanzi wezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, akakwanisa kuchengetedza hunhu hwake, ruvara rwakasarudzika runopenya nerunako rwekumabvazuva, ruzha rwedutu, hupfumi hunoshamisa hwemimhanzi inopinda pabasa rake rose.

Goldmark inozvidzidzisa. Vadzidzisi vakamudzidzisa unyanzvi hwokuridza violin chete. Hunyanzvi hwakaoma hwekupikisa, nzira yakagadziridzwa yezviridzwa, uye nheyo dzezviridzwa zvemazuva ano, anodzidza pachake.

Aibva mumhuri ine urombo zvokuti pazera remakore 12 akanga asati ava kugona kuverenga kana kunyora, uye paakauya kuzopinda mudzidzisi wake wokutanga, mutambi weviolin, vakamupa zvipo, vachifunga kuti akanga ari mupemhi. Semunhu mukuru, akakura semuimbi, Goldmark akachinja kuita mumwe wevaimbi vanoremekedzwa muEurope.

Pazera remakore gumi nemana, mukomana akatamira kuVienna, kune mukoma wake Joseph Goldmark, uyo akanga ari mudzidzi wezvokurapa. MuVienna, akaramba achiridza violin, asi munun'una wake haana kutenda kuti muchengeti wezviyoni akanaka aizobuda muGoldmark, uye akasimbisa kuti mukomana apinde chikoro chechikoro. Mukomana wacho anoteerera, asi panguva imwe chete akasindimara. Achipinda muchikoro, iye panguva imwe chete anonyora bvunzo kuConservatory.

Pashure penguva yakati, zvisinei, Goldmark akamanikidzwa kumisa zvidzidzo zvake. Chimurenga chakaitika muVienna. Josef Goldmark, anga ari mumwe wevatungamiriri vevamutsiri vechidiki, anofanira kutiza - mauto emambo ari kumutsvaga. Mumwe mudzidzi wechidiki anochengetedza, Karoly Goldmark, anoenda kuSopron uye anotora chikamu muhondo dziri parutivi rwevapanduki veHungary. Muna Gumiguru 1849, muimbi wechidiki akava muimbi weviolinist mune orchestra yeSopron Theatre Company yeCottown.

Muzhizha ra1850, Goldmark akagamuchira kokero yokuuya kuBuda. Pano anoridza orchestra achiridza munzvimbo uye munhandare yeBuda Castle. Vaanoshanda navo ikambani yakasarudzika, asi zvakadaro anobatsirwa kubva kwavari. Vanomusuma kumumhanzi weopera wenguva iyoyo - kumumhanzi waDonizetti, Rossini, Verdi, Meyerbeer, Aubert. Goldmark anotohaya piyano uye pakupedzisira anozadzisa chiroto chake chekare: anodzidza kuridza piyano, uye nekubudirira kunoshamisa zvekuti anobva atanga kuzvipa zvidzidzo uye kuita semupiyano kumabhora.

Muna Kukadzi 1852 tinowana Goldmark muVienna, kwaanoridza mune yemitambo orchestra. "Shamwari" yake yakatendeka - kudiwa - hakumusiye pano zvakare.

Aiva nemakore anenge 30 paakaimbawo semuimbi.

Mumakore ekuma60, bepanhau remimhanzi rinotungamirira, Neue Zeitschrift für Musik, rakanga richitonyora nezveGoldmark semunyori akatanhamara. Mushure mekubudirira kwakauya kupenya, mazuva asina hanya. Shamwari dzake dzinosanganisira mutambi wepiyano anoshamisa weRussia Anton Rubinstein, munyori wenziyo Cornelius, munyori weThe Barber of Baghdad, asi pamusoro pezvose, Franz Liszt, uyo, nechivimbo chisingakanganisi, akanzwa tarenda guru muGoldmark. Munguva iyi, akanyora mabasa akabudirira pasi rose: "Hym of Spring" (ye solo viola, kwaya uye orchestra), "Nyika Wedding" (symphony yeorchestra huru) uye overture "Sakuntala" yakanyorwa muna Chivabvu 1865.

Kunyange zvazvo "Sakuntala" iri kukohwa kubudirira kukuru, munyori akatanga kushanda pazvibodzwa zve "The Queen of Sheba".

Pashure pemakore akawanda ebasa rakaoma, rakaoma, opera yakanga yagadzirwa. Zvisinei, kutsoropodza kwemitambo hakuna kunyatsofunga nezvekuwedzera kukurumbira kwemusiki we "Sakuntala". Pasi pezvikonzero zvisina musoro, opera yakaramba ichirambwa. Uye Goldmark, akaodzwa mwoyo, akadzokera shure. Akaviga zvibodzwa zvaMambokadzi weShebha mudhirowa padhesiki rake.

Gare gare, Liszt akauya kuzomubatsira, uye mune imwe yemakonzati ake akaita kufora kubva kuMambokadzi weShebha.

“Kufora kwacho,” anonyora kudaro munyori wacho pachake, “kwakanga kuri budiriro huru, ine dutu. Franz Liszt pachena, kuti munhu wese anzwe, akandikorokotedza ... "

Kunyangwe iye zvino, zvakadaro, boka harina kurega kurwa neGoldmark. Ishe wemumhanzi anotyisa muVienna, Hanslick, anoita nezve opera nechinyoreso chimwe chete: “Basa harina kukodzera nhandare. Ndima chete ichiri kunzwika neimwe nzira kufora. Uye ichangopera. ”…

Zvakatora kupindira kwakasimba kwaFranz Liszt kuputsa kuramba kwevatungamiriri veVienna Opera. Pakupedzisira, mushure mekurwa kwenguva refu, Mambokadzi weShebha akaiswa musi waKurume 10, 1875 pachikuva cheVienna Opera.

Kwapera gore, opera yakaitirwawo kuHungary National Theatre, kwayakaitirwa naSandor Erkel.

Mushure mekubudirira muVienna uye Pest, Mambokadzi weShebha akapinda mune repertoire yedzimba dzeopera muEurope. Zita raGoldmark rava kutaurwa pamwe chete nemazita evaimbi veopera.

Bhalashsha, VaG