Naum Lvovich Shtarkman |

Naum Shtarkman

Igumnovskaya chikoro chakapa pianistic tsika yedu vazhinji vane tarenda maartist. Rondedzero yevadzidzi vemudzidzisi anoshamisa, kutaura zvazviri, inovhara Naum Shtarkman. Mushure mekufa kwaKN Igumnov, haana kuzotanga kutamira kune imwe kirasi uye muna 1949 akapedza kudzidza kubva kuMoscow Conservatory, sezvinowanzoitwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, "ari oga". Saka mudzidzisi aisafanira, zvinosuruvarisa, kuti afare nekubudirira kwechipfuwo chake. Uye vakabva vasvika...

Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti Shtarkman (kusiyana nevakawanda vaaishanda navo) akapinda iye zvino anosungirwa kukwikwidza nzira semuimbi akanyatsogadziriswa. Kutevera mubairo wechishanu paChopin Competition muWarsaw (1955), muna 1957 akahwina mubairo wepamusoro-soro paInternational Competition muLisbon uye, pakupedzisira, akava muhwina wechitatu paTchaikovsky Competition (1958). Kubudirira kwese uku kwakasimbisa mukurumbira wake wepamusoro wehunyanzvi.

Ichi ndicho, chekutanga, mukurumbira wemuimbi wenziyo, kunyangwe munyori wenziyo akakwenenzverwa, muridzi wepiyano inonzwika, tenzi akakura anogona kuziva zvakajeka uye nemazvo magadzirirwo ebasa, zvine hungwaru uye zvine musoro kuvaka mutsara unoshamisa. “Zvaari,” anonyora kudaro G. Tsypin, “zvikurukuru zviri pedyo nokugadzikana uye manzwiro okufungisisa, ane manyawi, anofefeterwa nemhute mutete uye wakapfava. Mukufambiswa kwezvimiro zvepfungwa uye zvepfungwa zvakadaro, anotendeseka zvechokwadi uye ane chokwadi. Uye, zvakapesana, mutambi wepiyano anoita seari kunze kwetiyeri uye nekudaro haanyatso kugutsa apo kuda, kutaura kwakanyanya kunopinda mumhanzi.

Chokwadi, Shtarkman's wide repertoire (anopfuura makumi matatu epiyano concerto chete) anomiririra zvakanyanya, toti, mabasa aLiszt, Chopin, Schumann, Rachmaninov. Zvisinei, mumhanzi wavo anokwezvwa kwete nemakakatanwa akapinza, mutambo kana hunhu, asi nenhetembo dzakapfava, hope. Zvinenge zvakafanana zvinogona kuverengerwa nekududzira kwake mimhanzi yaTchaikovsky, umo anonyanya kubudirira mumifananidzo yenzvimbo yeThe Four Seasons. "Pfungwa dzekuita dzeShtarkman," V. Delson akasimbisa, "dzinoitwa kusvika kumagumo, dzakasimbiswa mumashoko eunyanzvi uye virtuoso. Iwo chaiwo matambiro emupiyano - akaunganidzwa, akamisikidzwa, akarurama mukunzwika uye zvirevo - ndiwo mhedzisiro yekukwezva kwake mukukwana kwechimiro, kuumbwa kwepurasitiki kwese uye ruzivo. Haisi iyo monumentality, kwete kubwinya kwezvivakwa, uye kwete kuratidzwa kwebravura inonyengedza Shtarkman, pasinei nekuvapo kweunyanzvi hwakasimba hwe virtuoso. Kufunga, kutendeseka kwepfungwa, hukuru hwemukati - izvi ndizvo zvinosiyanisa chimiro cheunyanzvi chemuimbi uyu.

Kana tikataura nezve dudziro yaShtarkman yemabasa aBach, Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, saka zvakakodzera kuti tiyeuke chimiro chakapihwa mubairo wemakwikwi eMoscow naEG Gilels: "Kutamba kwake kunosiyaniswa nehukuru hwehunyanzvi hwakakwana uye kufunga. ” Shtarkman anowanzo kuridza French Impressionists. Muridzi wepiyano anoridza Claude Debussy's "Suite Bergamasco" kunyanya zvakabudirira uye nekupinda.

Repertoire yemuimbi inosanganisira, hongu, mimhanzi yeSoviet. Pamwe chete nezvidimbu zvakakurumbira naS. Prokofiev naD. Kabalevsky, Shtarkman akaridzawo Concerto pamusoro pemadingindira echiArabic naF. Amirov naE. Nazirova, piano concertos naG. Gasanov, E. Golubev (No. 2).

Shtarkman agara aine mukurumbira seyekutanga-kirasi chopinist. Hazvisi pasina kuti manheru emuiti wemonographic akazvipira kubasa reiyo nyanzvi yePoland nguva dzose anokwezva kutarisisa kwevateereri nekupinda kwakadzama muchinangwa chemunyori.

N. Sokolov akahwirudzura mamwe emanheru aya anoti: “Muridzi wepiyano uyu mumwe wevamiririri vakanakisisa vegamuchidzanwa iroro rokudhirowa remitambo yemitambo, iyo inganzi nenzira yakarurama kudzidza kworudo. Shtarkman anosanganisa kushushikana kwegodo kwekuchena kwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi nechido chisingadzimike chekutsamwa uye nemweya kupa kwechifananidzo chemimhanzi. Panguva ino, tenzi ane tarenda airatidza kubata kwemavara asi kwakanaka kwazvo, kugona kwepiyano gradations, kureruka kunoshamisa uye kumhanya mundima dze legato, mu carpal staccato, muzvikamu zvitatu, mumanotsi maviri enguva dzinochinjana uye mamwe marudzi ehunyanzvi hwekuita. Zvose zviri muBallad uye mune zvimwe zvidimbu naChopin zvakaitwa manheru iwayo, Shtarkman akaderedza huwandu hwemasimba kusvika pakakwirira, nekuda kwekuti Chopin's high lyric poetry yakaonekwa mukuchena kwayo kwepakutanga, yakasunungurwa kubva kune zvose zvisingakoshi uye zvisina maturo. Hunhu hwehunyanzvi hwemuimbi, hukuru hwekuona hwakanga huri muchiitiko ichi zvachose pasi kune rimwe basa guru - kuratidza hudzamu, kugona kwemazwi enziyo emunyori nekuoma kukuru kwenzira dzekutaura. Muimbi wacho akakwanisa kuita basa iri rakaoma zvikuru.

Shtarkman akaita padanho rekonzati kweanopfuura makumi mana emakore. Nguva inoita zvigadziriso kune zvaanoda zvekugadzira, uye zvechokwadi kune chitarisiko chake chekuita. Muimbi ane akawanda monographic zvirongwa zvaainazvo - Beethoven, Liszt, Chopin, Schumann, Tchaikovsky. Kune iyi rondedzero isu tinogona ikozvino kuwedzera zita raSchubert, ane mazwi akawana muturikiri akajeka pamberi pemupiyano. Kufarira kwaShtarkman mukugadzira mimhanzi kwakawedzera zvakanyanya. Akamboita pamwe chete nevaimbi, violinists, vane quartets vanonzi Borodin, Taneyev, Prokofiev. Mumakore achangopfuura, kubatana kwake nemuimbi K. Lisovsky kwave kuchinyanya kubereka (zvirongwa kubva kumabasa aBeethoven, Schumann, Tchaikovsky). Kana dziri shanduko yekududzira, zvakakodzera kutora mazwi kubva kuA. Lyubitsky wongororo yekonzati, iyo Shtarkman akapemberera nayo makore makumi matatu echiitiko chake chehunyanzvi: "Kuridza piyano kunosiyaniswa nekuzara mupfungwa, hunhu hwemukati. Nheyo yenziyo, iyo yakanyatsobudirira muunyanzvi hwechidiki Shtarkman, yakachengetedza kukosha kwayo nhasi, asi yakave yakasiyana zvakasiyana. Iko hakuna sensitivity, reticence, kupfava mairi. Kunakidzwa, mutambo unosanganiswa nerunyararo rwepfungwa. Shtarkman iye zvino anokoshesa zvakanyanya kutsaura, kutaura kwenyika, uye nekungwarira kupedzisa kwezvinyorwa.

Purofesa (kubvira 1990) weMoscow Conservatory. Kubva 1992 ave ari mudzidzisi paJewish Academy yakatumidzwa zita raMaimonides.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1990