Antonio Salieri |

Antonio Salieri

Salieri. Allegro

Salieri ... muimbi mukuru, kudada kwechikoro cheGluck, uyo akatora maitiro ehukuru hwemaestro, akagamuchira kubva kune zvakasikwa kunzwa kwakanatswa, pfungwa dzakajeka, tarenda inoshamisa uye kubereka kunoshamisa. P. Beaumarchais

Muimbi weItaly, mudzidzisi uye conductor A. Salieri aive mumwe weanonyanya kuzivikanwa muEuropean mimhanzi tsika mukutanga kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX. Sezvo ari muimbi, akagovera mugumo weavo vatenzi vakakurumbira munguva yake, avo basa, nekutanga kwenguva itsva, rakatamira mumumvuri wenhoroondo. Vatsvaguri vanocherekedza kuti mukurumbira waSalieri wakabva wapfuura weWA Mozart, uye mumhando yeopera-seria akakwanisa kuwana nhanho yemhando yepamusoro iyo inoisa mabasa ake epamusoro pamusoro pemaopera ake emazuva ano.

Salieri akadzidza violin nemukoma wake Francesco, muimbi we harpsichord nechechi yechechi J. Simoni. Kubva muna 1765, akaimba mukwaya yeSt. Mark's Cathedral muVenice, akadzidza kuwirirana uye akadzidza unyanzvi hwemanzwi achitungamirirwa naF. Pacini.

Kubva 1766 kusvika pakupera kwemazuva ake, basa rekugadzira raSalieri rakabatana neVienna. Kutanga basa rake se harpsichordist-muperekedzi wedare opera imba, Salieri akaita basa rinotyisa munguva pfupi. Muna 1774 iye, atova munyori wemitambo gumi, akava munyori wekamuri yeumambo uye mutyairi weItaly opera troupe muVienna.

"Mumhanzi waidiwa" waJoseph II Salieri kwenguva yakareba aive pakati pehupenyu hwemimhanzi hweguta guru reAustria. Haana kungoratidzira uye kuita mitambo chete, asi aikwanisawo kutungamira kwaya yedare. Mabasa ake aisanganisira kutungamira dzidzo yemimhanzi muzvikoro zvehurumende muVienna. Kwemakore akawanda Salieri akatungamirira Sosaiti yeVaimbi uye homwe yepenjeni yechirikadzi nenherera dzevaimbi veViennese. Kubva 1813, munyori akatungamira chikoro chekwaya cheVienna Society of Friends of Music uye aive mutungamiriri wekutanga weVienna Conservatory, yakavambwa nesangano iri muna 1817.

Chitsauko chikuru munhoroondo yeimba yeOpera yeAustria chakabatana nezita rekuti Salieri, akaita zvakawanda zvemumhanzi nemitambo yemitambo yeItaly, uye akaita mupiro kuhupenyu hwemimhanzi hweParis. Nechekare neyokutanga opera "Vakadzi Vakadzidza" (1770), mukurumbira wakasvika kune wechidiki munyori. Armida (1771), Venetian Fair (1772), The Stolen Tub (1772), The Innkeeper (1773) nevamwe vakatevera mumwe mushure memumwe. Nzvimbo huru dzemitambo dzeItaly dzakaraira maopera kumunhu wavo ane mbiri. KuMunich, Salieri akanyora "Semiramide" (1782). The School for the Jealous (1778) mushure mekutanga kweVenice yakatenderera dzimba dzeOpera dzinenge dzose dzeEurope, kusanganisira dzakarongwa muMoscow neSt. Mimhanzi yaSalieri yakagamuchirwa nechido muParis. Kubudirira kwekutanga kwe "Tarara" (yakasununguka. P. Beaumarchais) yakapfuura zvose zvinotarisirwa. Beaumarchais akanyora mukutsaurirwa kwechinyorwa che opera kumunyori kuti: “Kana basa redu rikabudirira, ndinenge ndiine mutoro kwandiri chete. Uye kunyangwe kuzvininipisa kwako kuchiita kuti utaure kwese kuti ndiwe muimbi wangu chete, ndinodada kuti ndiri nyanduri wako, muranda wako uye shamwari yako. Vatsigiri vaBeaumarchais mukuongorora basa raSalieri vaive KV Gluck. V. Boguslavsky, K. Kreuzer, G. Berlioz, G. Rossini, F. Schubert nevamwe.

Munguva yekunetsana kwakanyanya pakati pevatambi vanofambira mberi veChiedza uye vanyori veiyo opera yeItari, Salieri akabatana nechivimbo nekukunda kwaGluck. Atova mumakore ake akura, Salieri akavandudza magadzirirwo ake, uye Gluck akasarudza shasha yokuItaly pakati pevateveri vake. Pesvedzero yemukuru we opera reformer pabasa raSalieri yakanyatso kuratidzwa mune yakakura mythological opera Danaides, iyo yakasimbisa mukurumbira weEurope wemunyori.

Muimbi ane mukurumbira wekuEurope, Salieri aifarirawo mukurumbira mukuru semudzidzisi zvakare. Akadzidzisa vaimbi vanopfuura makumi matanhatu. Pakati pevanyori, L. Beethoven, F. Schubert, J. Hummel, FKW Mozart (mwanakomana waWA ​​Mozart), I. Moscheles, F. Liszt nevamwe vatenzi vakapfuura nechikoro chake. Zvidzidzo zvekuimba kubva kuSalieri zvakatorwa nevaimbi K. Cavalieri, A. Milder-Hauptman, F. Franchetti, MA naT. Gasman.

Chimwe chikamu chetarenda raSalieri chakabatana nemabasa ake ekuitisa. Pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemunyori, nhamba huru ye opera, choral uye orchestral mabasa nevakuru vekare uye vanyori vemazuva ano akaitwa. Zita raSalieri rinobatanidzwa nengano yeMozart chepfu. Zvisinei, munhoroondo chokwadi ichi hachina kusimbiswa. Maonero pamusoro paSalieri semunhu anopesana. Pakati pevamwe, vemazuva ano uye vanyori vezvakaitika kare vakacherechedza chipo chikuru chekunyora chemunyori, vachimuti "Talleyrand mumimhanzi." Zvisinei, kunze kweizvi, Salieri aizivikanwawo nekunaka uye kugara achigadzirira mabasa akanaka. Pakati pezana remakore rechiXX. kufarira mubasa rekunyora kwemunyori kwakatanga kumutsidzira. Mamwe maopera ake akamutsiridzwa pamatanho eopera akasiyana muEurope neUSA.

I. Vetlitsyna