Alexander Nikolayevich Serov (Alexander Serov) |

Alexander Serov

Hupenyu hwake hwese hwaive sevhisi yehunyanzvi, uye akapira zvimwe zvese kwaari ... V. Stasov

A. Serov muimbi weRussia ane mukurumbira, mutsoropodzi wemimhanzi akatanhamara, mumwe wevatangi veRussia musicology. Akanyora 3 operas, 2 cantatas, orchestral, chiridzwa, kwaya, mabasa ezwi, mimhanzi yemitambo inoshamisa, gadziriro dzenziyo dzevanhu. Iye ndiye munyori wenhamba yakakosha yemimhanzi yakakosha mabasa.

Serov akaberekerwa mumhuri yemukuru mukuru wehurumende. Kubva paudiki, mukomana akaratidza zvakasiyana-siyana zveunyanzvi uye zvinokuvaraidza, izvo zvakakurudzirwa munzira dzose nevabereki vake. Chokwadi, pave paya, baba vanozopikisa zvakanyanya - kusvika mukukonana kwakakomba - zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi zvemwanakomana wavo, vachizviona sevasingavimbisi.

Muna 1835-40. Serov akadzidza paChikoro cheMutemo. Ikoko akasangana naV. Stasov, izvo zvakakurumidza kukura kuva ushamwari hwakasimba. Kunyorerana pakati peSerov naStasov yemakore iwayo igwaro rinoshamisa rekuumbwa nekusimudzirwa kwezviedza zveramangwana zvekutsoropodza mumhanzi weRussia. "Kune isu tese," Stasov akanyora mushure mekufa kwaSerov, "iyi tsamba yaive yakakosha - takabatsirana kusimudzira kwete mumhanzi chete, asi mune zvimwe zvese." Mumakore iwayo, Serov kuita mano akazviratidzawo: akabudirira kudzidza kuridza piyano uye cello, uye akatanga kugona ekupedzisira chete pachikoro. Mushure mokunge apedza dzidzo yake, basa rake rakatanga. Seneti, Ministry of Justice, basa muSimferopol nePskov, Ministry of the Interior, St. Petersburg Post Office, uko iye, uyo ainyatsoziva mitauro yakawanda yeEurope, akanyorwa semuongorori wezvinyorwa zvekunze - izvi zviitiko zvinokosha. kubva kubasa raSerov rakanyanyisa, iro, zvisinei, rakanga risina, zvisinei, kwaari, kunze kwemari, chero ipi zvayo yakakosha. Chinhu chikuru uye chekusarudza chaive mimhanzi, yaaida kuzvipira pasina kuteedzera.

Serov kugadzira maturation kwakaoma uye kunonoka, izvi zvaive nekuda kwekushaikwa kwekudzidziswa kwehunyanzvi. Nekutanga kwema40s. inosanganisira maopusi ake ekutanga: 2 sonatas, romances, pamwe nepiyano zvinyorwa zvemabasa makuru aJS Bach, WA ​​Mozart, L. Beethoven nevamwe vanyori vekare. Nechekare panguva iyoyo, Serov akafadzwa nezvirongwa zveopera, kunyange zvazvo vakaramba vasina kuzadzika. Chinonyanya kukosha chemabasa asina kupera chaiva opera "May Night" (mushure meN. Gogol). Chikamu chimwe chete chayo chakasara kusvikira nhasi - Munamato waGanna, iyo yaiva basa rekutanga raSerov, rakaitwa mumusangano wevanhu vose muna 1851. Mugore rimwe chete, kutanga kwake munharaunda yakaoma kwakaitika. Mune chimwe chezvinyorwa zvake, Serov akagadzira basa rake semutsoropodzi: "Dzidzo yemimhanzi pakati pevaverengi veRussia haiwanzo kuwanikwa ... edza pamusoro pekupararira kwedzidzo iyi, tinofanirawo kungwarira kuti kuverenga kwedu pachena kune pfungwa dzakarurama pamusoro pezvose, kunyange zvazvo zvakakosha zvikuru zveunyanzvi hwemimhanzi, sezvo pasina ruzivo urwu chero maonero akarurama emimhanzi, vanyori vayo nevatambi hazvibviri. Zvinonakidza kuti Serov ndiye akaunza izwi rokuti "musicology" mumabhuku eRussia. Nyaya dzakawanda dzepamusoro dzemimhanzi yemazuva ano yeRussia neyekunze inosimudzwa mumabasa ake: basa raGlinka naWagner, Mozart naBeethoven, Dargomyzhsky uye vanyori veMighty Handful, etc. Pakutanga kwekuumbwa kweNew Russian Music School, akanga akanyatsobatanidzwa nayo, asi nokukurumidza Serov uye Kuchkists vakaparadzana nzira, ukama hwavo hwakava hutsinye, uye izvi zvakatungamirira kukuzorora naStasov.

Iyo dutu rekuita basa rekuzivisa, iro rakatora nguva yakawanda yeSerov, zvisinei harina kuderedza chido chake chekunyora mimhanzi. "Ndazviunza ini," akanyora kudaro muna 1860, "imwe mukurumbira nekuzviitira zita nevatsoropodzi vemimhanzi, kunyora nezvemimhanzi, asi basa guru rehupenyu hwangu harisi mune izvi, asi mune izvi. kugadzirwa kwemimhanzi“. 60s yakava makore gumi akaunza mukurumbira kuna Serov munyori. Muna 1862, opera Judith yakapedzwa, iyo libretto yakavakirwa pamutambo wezita rimwe chete nemunyori wemitambo weItaly P. Giacometti. Muna 1865 - "Rogneda", yakatsaurirwa kune zviitiko kubva munhoroondo yeAncient Russia. Opera yekupedzisira yaive The Enemy Force (rufu rwakakanganisa basa, opera yakapedzwa naV. Serova, mudzimai wemunyori, uye N. Solovyov), yakagadzirwa kubva pamutambo weAN Ostrovsky "Usararama sezvaunoda."

Maopera ose eSerov akaitwa muSt. Petersburg paMariinsky Theatre uye akabudirira zvikuru. Mavari, munyori akaedza kubatanidza nheyo dzinoshamisa dzeWagner uye tsika dzepasi rose dzinoshanda. "Judith" na "Rogneda" vakagadzirwa uye vakatanga kuiswa pachikuva panguva iyoyo, apo zvisikwa zvakanakisa zveGlinka naDargomyzhsky zvakanga zvatonyorwa (kunze kwe "The Stone Guest") uye ma opera e "Kuchkist" vanyori. P. Tchaikovsky akanga asati aoneka. Serov akakundikana kugadzira yake yakapedzwa maitiro. Kune akawanda eclecticism mumaopera ake, kunyangwe muzvikamu zvakanakisa, kunyanya kuratidza hupenyu hwevanhu, anowana kutaura kukuru uye kungwara. Nokufamba kwenguva, Serov mutsoropodzi akafukidza Serov munyori. Zvisinei, izvi hazvigoni kuyambuka zvakakosha zviri mumhanzi wake, ane tarenda chaiyo uye yepakutanga.

A. Nazarov