Jean Sibelius (Jean Sibelius) |

Jean sibelius

Sibelius. Tapiola (orchestra inotungamirirwa naT. Beecham)

... kugadzira pamwero wakatokura, kuenderera pakasiirwa nevakanditangira, kugadzira art yemazuva ano haisi kodzero yangu chete, asiwo basa rangu. J. Sibelius

“Jan Sibelius ndewevamwe vevanyori vedu vanobudisa pachena chaizvo uye vasingatamburi unhu hwevanhu vokuFinland nenziyo dzavo,” akanyora kudaro mumwe wake, mutsoropodzi K. Flodin, nezvemunyori anoshamisa wokuFinland muna 1891. Basa raSibelius harisi chete peji yakajeka munhoroondo yetsika yemimhanzi yeFinland, mukurumbira wemunyori wakaenda kure nemiganhu yenyika yake.

Kubudirira kwebasa remunyori kunowira pakupera kwe7th - kutanga kwe3th century. - nguva yekukura kwerusununguko rwenyika uye shanduko yekuchinja muFinland. Iyi nyika diki panguva iyoyo yaive chikamu cheHumambo hweRussia uye yakasangana nemafungiro akafanana enguva isati yasvika dutu rekuchinja kwevanhu. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti muFinland, seRussia, nguva iyi yakaratidzwa nekukwira kweunyanzvi hwenyika. Sibelius akashanda mumhando dzakasiyana. Akanyora 2 symphonies, symphonic nhetembo, XNUMX orchestral suites. Concerto yeviolin uye orchestra, XNUMX tambo quartets, piano quintets uye trios, chamber inzwi uye zviridzwa mabasa, mimhanzi yemitambo inoshamisa, asi tarenda remunyori rakazviratidza zvakajeka mumimhanzi yesymphonic.

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Sibelius akakurira mumhuri yaikurudzirwa mimhanzi: hanzvadzi yemunyori airidza piyano, munun'una wake airidza cello, uye Jan akatanga kuridza piyano uye ipapo violin. Pane imwe nguva gare gare, yakanga iri yemusangano weimba iyi iyo zvinyorwa zvekamuri rekutanga raSibelius zvakanyorwa. Gustav Levander, mutungamiriri webhendi renzvimbo yendarira bhendi, aive mudzidzisi wekutanga wemimhanzi. Hunyanzvi hwekuumba hwemukomana hwakatanga kuoneka - Yang akanyora mutambo wake mudiki wekutanga aine makore gumi. Zvisinei, pasinei nekubudirira kwakakomba muzvidzidzo zvemimhanzi, muna 1885 akava mudzidzi pachikoro chezvemitemo cheYunivhesiti yeHelsingfors. Panguva imwecheteyo, anodzidza paMusic Institute (kurota mumoyo make sebasa reviolinist), kutanga naM. Vasiliev, uyezve naG. Challat.

Pakati pemabasa ehudiki emunyori, mabasa ekutungamira kwerudo anomira pachena, mumamiriro ayo mapendi echisikigo anotora nzvimbo yakakosha. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti Sibelius anopa epigraph kune yechidiki quartet - inonakidza yekuchamhembe nyika yakanyorwa naye. Mifananidzo yechisikigo inopa kunakidza kwakakosha kuchirongwa che "Florestan" chepiyano, kunyangwe pfungwa yemunyori iri pamufananidzo wegamba riri murudo nerunako rwemeso matema nymph ine bvudzi regoridhe.

Kuzivana kwaSibelius naR. Cajanus, muimbi akadzidza, kondakita, uye shasha yenyanzvi dzevaimbi, zvakabatsira kukurisa kufarira kwake nziyo. Kutenda kwaari, Sibelius anofarira mimhanzi yesymphonic uye zviridzwa. Ane ushamwari hwepedyo naBusoni, uyo panguva iyoyo akakokwa kuti ashande semudzidzisi paMusical Institute yeHelsingfors. Asi, zvichida, kuzivana nemhuri yeYarnefelt kwaive kwakakosha zvikuru kune munyori (3 hama: Armas - conductor uye munyori, Arvid - munyori, Ero - muimbi, hanzvadzi yavo Aino akazova mudzimai waSibelius).

Kuti avandudze dzidzo yake yemimhanzi, Sibelius akaenda kunze kwenyika kwemakore maviri: kuGermany neAustria (2-1889), kwaakavandudza dzidzo yake yemimhanzi, achidzidza naA. Becker naK Goldmark. Anonyatsodzidza basa raR. Wagner, J. Brahms naA. Bruckner uye anova muteveri wemimhanzi yepurogiramu kweupenyu hwose. Mukuwirirana nomunyori wacho, “nziyo dzinogona kuratidzira zvizere pesvedzero yadzo bedzi apo dzinopiwa nhungamiro neimwe nhetembo, namamwe mashoko, apo nziyo nenhetembwa zvinobatanidzwa.” Mhedziso iyi yakazvarwa chaizvo panguva iyo munyori aiongorora nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzemanyorerwo, achidzidza masitaera nemasamples ezvakanakisa zvakaitwa nezvikoro zvevanyori vekuEurope. Musi waApril 91, 29, muFinland, pasi pekutungamirirwa kwemunyori, nhetembo "Kullervo" (yakavakirwa pachirongwa che "Kalevala") yakaitwa nekubudirira kukuru kune soloists, choir uye symphony orchestra. Zuva iri rinoonekwa sezuva rekuzvarwa kwemumhanzi wenyanzvi weFinnish. Sibelius akadzokorora kakawanda kuFinnish epic. Chikwata che“Lemminkäinen” chemumhanzi wenziyo chakaunzira munyori mukurumbira munyika yose.

Mukupera kwema90s. Sibelius anogadzira symphonic nhetembo "Finland" (1899) uye First Symphony (1898-99). Panguva imwecheteyo, anogadzira mimhanzi yemitambo yemitambo. Inonyanya kuzivikanwa yaiva mimhanzi yemutambo "Kuolema" naA. Yarnefeld, kunyanya "The Sad Waltz" (amai ve protagonist, vachifa, vanoona mufananidzo wemurume wavo akafa, uyo, sokunge zvakadaro, anomukoka kuti atambe. , uye anofa neruzha rweruzha). Sibelius akanyorawo mimhanzi yemitambo: Pelléas et Mélisande naM. Maeterlinck (1905), Mutambo waBelshazzar naJ. Prokope (1906), The White Swan naA. Strindberg (1908), The Tempest naW. Shakespeare (1926) .

Muna 1906-07. akashanyira St. Petersburg neMoscow, kwaakasangana naN. Rimsky-Korsakov naA. Glazunov. munyori anoteerera zvikuru mimhanzi ye symphonic - somuenzaniso, muna 1900 anonyora Second Symphony, uye gore gare gare concerto yake yakakurumbira yeviolin uye orchestra inooneka. Mabasa ese ari maviri anosiyaniswa nekupenya kwezvinhu zvemimhanzi, iyo monumentality yefomu. Asi kana iyo symphony inotongwa nemavara akareruka, ipapo konsati izere nemifananidzo inoshamisa. Uyezve, munyori anodudzira chiridzwa chega - violin - sechiridzwa chakaenzana maererano nesimba rekutaura nzira kune orchestra. Pakati pemabasa aSibelius muma1902. mimhanzi yakafemerwa naKalevala inobuda zvakare (symphonic poem Tapiola, 20). Kwemakore ekupedzisira e1926 ehupenyu hwake, munyori haana kunyora. Zvisinei, kushamwaridzana kwekugadzira nenyika yemimhanzi hakuna kumira. Vaimbi vakawanda vanobva kumativi ose enyika vakauya kuzomuona. Mimhanzi yaSibelius yaiitwa mumakonzati uye yakanga iri chishongo cherepertoire yevaimbi vakawanda vakatanhamara nevaimbi vomuzana remakore rechi30.

L. Kozhevnikova