Svyatoslav Teofilovych Richter (Sviatoslav Richter) |

Sviatoslav Richter

Mudzidzisi waRichter, Heinrich Gustavovich Neuhaus, akambotaura nezvemusangano wokutanga nomudzidzi wake womunguva yemberi achiti: “Vadzidzi vakakumbira kuteerera rimwe jaya rokuOdessa raizoda kupinda muimba yokuchengeta tsika mukirasi yangu. "Atopedza chikoro chemimhanzi here?" ndakabvunza. Aiwa, hapana kwaakadzidza. Ndinoreurura kuti mhinduro iyi yakambonetsa. Mumwe munhu akanga asina kuwana dzidzo yemimhanzi akanga achienda kuimba inochengeterwa mimhanzi! .. Zvaifadza kutarisa daredevil. Saka akauya. Murume wechidiki murefu, mutete, ane vhudzi rakanaka, maziso ebhuruu, ane chiso chipenyu, chinokwezva zvinoshamisa. Akagara papiyano, akaisa maoko ake makuru, akapfava, anotya pamakiyi, ndokutanga kuridza. Akatamba akadzikama, ndingati, kunyangwe zvine mutsindo zviri nyore uye zvakasimba. Kuita kwake kwakabva kwandibata nekupinza kunoshamisa mumhanzi. Ndakazevezera kumudzidzi wangu, “Ndinofunga kuti muimbi ane hunyanzvi.” Mushure meBeethoven's Twenty-Eighth Sonata, jaya rakaridza akati wandei ezvinyorwa zvake, zvakaverengwa kubva papepa. Uye munhu wese aivepo aida kuti atambe zvakanyanya ... Kubva pazuva iro zvichienda mberi, Svyatoslav Richter akava mudzidzi wangu. (Neigauz GG Reflections, ndangariro, diaries // Zvinyorwa zvakasarudzwa. Tsamba kuvabereki. S. 244-245.).

Saka, nzira muunyanzvi hukuru hwemumwe wevatambi vakuru venguva yedu, Svyatoslav Teofilovich Richter, havana kutanga kazhinji. Kazhinji, paive nezvakawanda zvisingaite muhunyanzvi hwake biography uye pakanga pasina zvakawanda zvinowanzoitika kune vazhinji vaaishanda navo. Tisati tasangana naNeuhaus, pakanga pasina mazuva ese, tsitsi dzekudzidzisa, izvo vamwe vanonzwa kubva paudiki. Pakanga pasina ruoko rwakasimba rwemutungamiri uye chipangamazano, hapana zvidzidzo zvakarongeka zvakarongeka pachiridzwa. Pakanga pasina maekisesaizi emazuva ese ehunyanzvi, zvinorwadza uye zvirongwa zvekudzidza kwenguva refu, kufambira mberi kwemaitiro kubva padanho kuenda padanho, kubva mukirasi kuenda kukirasi. Paiva nechishuwo chekuda mimhanzi, kutsvaga kusingadzoreki, kusingadzoreki kwechipo chinoshamisa chekuzvidzidzisa kuseri kwekhibhodi; pakanga pane kuverenga kusingagumi kubva papepa remabasa akasiyana-siyana (kunyanya opera claviers), kuedza kusingagumi kunyora; nekufamba kwenguva - basa remuperekedzi paOdessa Philharmonic, ipapo paOpera neBallet Theatre. Paiva nechiroto chaidiwa chekuva kondakita - uye kuparara kusingatarisirwi kwezvirongwa zvose, rwendo rwokuenda kuMoscow, kune Conservatory, kuNeuhaus.

MunaNovember 1940, chiitiko chekutanga chaRichter ane makore makumi maviri nemashanu chakaitika pamberi pevateereri muguta guru. Yakanga iri budiriro yekukunda, nyanzvi uye veruzhinji vakatanga kutaura nezvechinhu chitsva, chinoshamisa mupiyano. Kutanga kwaNovember kwakateverwa nemamwe makonti, imwe inoshamisa uye yakabudirira kupfuura imwe. (Somuenzaniso, kuita kwaRichter kweFirst Concerto yaTchaikovsky pane mamwe manheru e<em>symphony muGreat Hall of the Conservatory kwakanzwika zvikuru.) Mukurumbira womupiyano wakapararira, mukurumbira wake wakawedzera kusimba. Asi zvisingatarisirwi, hondo yakapinda muhupenyu hwake, hupenyu hwenyika yese ...

Moscow Conservatory yakabviswa, Neuhaus akaenda. Richter akaramba ari muguta guru - nzara, hafu yechando, isina vanhu. Kune matambudziko ese akawira mujenya revanhu mumakore iwayo, akawedzera rake: pakanga pasina pekugara zvachose, pasina chishandiso. (Shamwari dzakauya kuzonunura: mumwe wekutanga anofanira kunzi mutana uye akazvipira anoyemura tarenda raRichter, muimbi AI Troyanovskaya). Uye zvakadaro panguva iyi ndipo paakashanda papiyano zvakanyanya, zvakanyanya kupfuura nakare kose.

Mumadenderedzwa evaimbi, inofungidzirwa: mashanu-, matanhatu-awa maekisesaizi zuva nezuva chinhu chinoshamisa chetsika. Richter anoshanda zvakapetwa zvakapetwa kaviri. Gare gare, achataura kuti "chaizvo" akatanga kudzidza kubva pakutanga kwemakumi mana.

Kubva muna July 1942, misangano yaRichter nevoruzhinji yakatangazve. Mumwe wevanyori venhoroondo dzoupenyu hwaRichter anotsanangura nguva iyi sezvinotevera: “Upenyu hwenyanzvi hunochinja kuva muitiro unopfuurira wemitambo pasina kuzorora uye kuzorora. Concert after concert. Maguta, zvitima, ndege, vanhu… Maokestra matsva nemakondakita matsva. Uye zvakare kudzokorora. Concerts. Mahoro akazara. Kubudirira kwakanaka. ”… (Delson V. Svyatoslav Richter. - M., 1961. S. 18.). Zvinoshamisa, kunyanguvezvo, haisati ichingova bedzi idi rokuti mutambi wepiyano anoridza mugove; akashamisika sei zvikuru akaunzwa pachikuva naye panguva iyi. Mwaka waRichter - kana ukatarisa kumashure pamatanho ekutanga eiyo dhizaini biography - isingapedziki zvechokwadi, inopenya mumafirework ayo akawanda ezvirongwa. Zvidimbu zvakanyanya kuoma zvepiyano repertoire zvinogonekwa nemuimbi wechidiki chaizvo mumazuva mashoma. Saka, muna January 1943, akaita Prokofiev Seventh Sonata ari pachena konzati. Vazhinji vaaishanda navo vangadai vakatora mwedzi yakawanda kugadzirira; vamwe vane zvipo zvikuru uye vane ruzivo vanogona kunge vakazviita mumavhiki. Richter akadzidza sonata yaProkofiev mu… mazuva mana.

Pakupera kwema1945, Richter akanga ari mumwe wevanhu vakatanhamara zvikuru muboka renyeredzi rakaisvonaka ravaimbi vepiyano veSoviet. Kumashure kwake kune kukunda paAll-Union Competition yeVaimbi Vanoimba (1950), hunyanzvi hwekupedza kudzidza kubva kuConservatory. (Chiitiko chisingawanzoitiki mukuita kweyunivhesiti yemimhanzi yeguta guru: imwe yemakonti ake akawanda muGreat Hall yeConservatory yakaverengwa semuedzo wehurumende weRichter; munyaya iyi, "vaongorori" vaiva mhomho yevateereri, vane kuongorora. yakaratidzwa nekujeka kwese, chokwadi uye nekubatana.) Kutevera mukurumbira wepasi rose weMubatanidzwa wepasi rose unouyawo: kubva XNUMX, nzendo dzemupiyano kunze kwenyika dzakatanga - kuCzechoslovakia, Poland, Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, uye gare gare kuFinland, USA, Canada. , England, France, Italy, Japan nedzimwe nyika. Kutsoropodza kwemimhanzi kunotarisa zvakanyanya uye zvakanyanya paunyanzvi hwemuimbi. Kune akawanda kuyedza kuongorora hunyanzvi uhu, kuti unzwisise typology yayo yekugadzira, hunyanzvi, maficha makuru uye hunhu. Zvingaita sekuti chimwe chinhu chakareruka: mufananidzo waRichter muimbi wakakura kwazvo, wakamisikidzwa muchidimbu, chepakutanga, kusiyana nemamwe ... Zvakadaro, basa re "diagnostics" kubva mukushoropodzwa kwemimhanzi rinobva rave kure nekureruka.

Kune tsananguro dzakawanda, kutonga, zvirevo, nezvimwewo, zvinogona kuitwa pamusoro paRichter semuimbi wekonzati; chokwadi mavari, chimwe nechimwe chakasiyana, ivo - kana vakaiswa pamwechete - vanoumba, zvisinei kuti zvinoshamisa sei, mufananidzo usina chero hunhu. Mufananidzo "muzhinji", fungidziro, isina kujeka, isinganzwisisike. Portrait yechokwadi (uyu ndiRichter, uye hapana mumwe munhu) haigone kuwanikwa nerubatsiro rwavo. Ngatitorei muenzaniso uyu: vaongorori vakadzokorora kunyora nezve hombe, isina magumo repertoire yemuimbi wepiyano. Chokwadi, Richter anoridza dzinenge mimhanzi yepiyano, kubva kuBach kuenda kuBerg uye kubva kuHaydn kuenda kuHindemith. Zvisinei, ari oga here? Kana tikatanga kutaura pamusoro pehupamhi uye hupfumi hwemari ye repertoire, ipapo Liszt, naBülow, naJoseph Hoffmann, uye, zvechokwadi, mudzidzisi mukuru wekupedzisira, Anton Rubinstein, uyo akaita mumukurumbira wake "Historical Concerts" kubva kumusoro. zviuru nemazana matatu (!) anoshanda ari a makumi manomwe nemapfumbamwe vanyori. Zviri mukati mesimba revamwe vatenzi vemazuva ano kuti vaenderere mberi nenhevedzano iyi. Aiwa, chokwadi chokuti pamaposter emuimbi unogona kuwana zvinenge zvose zvakagadzirirwa piyano hazvisati zvaita kuti Richter ave muRichter, haazivi kuti dura rebasa rake nderipi.

Hunyanzvi hwakanakisa, hwakachekwa zvisina kunaka hwemuiti, hunyanzvi hwake hwepamusoro-soro, hauburitse zvakavanzika zvake here? Zvechokwadi, chinyorwa chisingawanzoitiki pamusoro paRichter chinoita pasina mazwi echido pamusoro peunyanzvi hwake hwepiyano, kukwana kwakakwana uye kusingaverengeki kwechiridzwa, nezvimwewo. Asi, kana tikafunga nenzira yakarurama, kukwirira kwakafanana kunotorwawo nevamwe. Muzera raHorowitz, Gilels, Michelangeli, Gould, zvingava zvakaoma kusarudza mutungamiri akazara muhunyanzvi hwepiyano. Kana, zvakataurwa pamusoro apa pamusoro pekushingaira kunoshamisa kwaRichter, kusingagumi kwake, kuputsa pfungwa dzose dzenguva dzose dzekushanda. Zvisinei, kunyange pano haasi iye ega werudzi rwake, kune vanhu munyika yemimhanzi vanogona kukakavadzana naye mune izvi zvakare. (Zvakataurwa pamusoro peHorowitz wechidiki kuti haana kurasikirwa nemukana wekudzidzira pa keyboard kunyange pamutambo.) Vanoti Richter anenge asina kumbogutsikana naiye pachake; Sofronitsky, Neuhaus, uye Yudina vakatambudzwa nekusingaperi nekuchinja kwekugadzira. (Uye ndeapi mitsara inozivikanwa - hazvibviri kuiverenga pasina kufara - iri mune imwe yetsamba dzaRachmaninov: "Hapana mutsoropodzi munyika, zvimwe mandiri kupokana kupfuura ini…”) Chii zvino kiyi ye “phenotype” (A phenotype (phaino - I am a type) musanganiswa wezvose zviratidzo uye zvimiro zvemunhu zvakaumba mukukura kwayo.), somuongorori wepfungwa angati, Richter the artist? Mune izvo zvinosiyanisa chimwe chiitiko mukuita kwemimhanzi kubva kune chimwe. In features nyika yemweya pianist. In stock it unhu. Mune zvepfungwa uye zvepfungwa zvebasa rake.

Richter's art ihunyanzvi hwesimba, hombe zvishuwo. Kune vatambi vekonzati vakati wandei vane kutamba kunofadza nzeve, kunofadza nekupinza kunoyevedza kwemifananidzo, "kunakirwa" kwemavara eruzha. Kuita kwaRichter kunokatyamadza, uye kunokatyamadza muteereri, kunomubvisa munzvimbo yenguva dzose yemanzwiro, kunofadza kusvika pakadzika pemweya wake. Saka, semuenzaniso, dudziro dzeanoridza piyano dzeBeethoven's Appassionata kana Pathetique, Liszt's B minor sonata kana Transcendental Etudes, Brahms's Second Piano Concerto kana Tchaikovsky's First, Schubert's Wanderer kana Mussorgsky's Mifananidzo paChiratidziro chaishamisa panguva yavo. , akati wandei emabasa akaitwa naBach, Schumann, Frank, Scriabin, Rachmaninov, Prokofiev, Szymanowski, Bartok… Kubva mumakonzati aRichter dzimwe nguva munhu anogona kunzwa kuti vari kusangana nezvinoshamisa, zvisiri zvenguva dzose pakuridza piyano: mimhanzi, refu uye rinonyatsozivikanwa, rinoonekwa sekunge richange riri mukuwedzera, kuwedzera, mukuchinja kwechiyero. Zvose zvinova zvakakura, zvakanyanya, zvakanyanya kukosha ... Andrei Bely akambotaura kuti vanhu, vachiteerera mimhanzi, vanowana mukana wekuona zvinonzwa nehofori; Vateereri vaRichter vanonyatsoziva mafambiro aifungwa nemudetembi.

Aya ndiwo maitiro aRichter kubva paudiki, aya ndiwo maitiro aakaita muhupenyu hwake. Pane imwe nguva, kumashure muna 1945, akatamba pamakwikwi eAll-Union "Wild Hunt" naLiszt. Mumwe wevaimbi veMoscow aivepo panguva imwe cheteyo anoyeuka kuti: “… Pamberi pedu paive nemuimbi wetitan, zvaiita sekuti takagadzirwa kuti tive ne fresco ine simba yerudo. Kukurumidza kunyanyisa kwe tempo, kuputika kwekuwedzera kwesimba, hukasha hunotyisa ... ndaida kubata ruoko rwechigaro kuti ndirambe kurwisa kwadhiabhori kwemumhanzi uyu ... " (Adzhemov KX isingakanganwiki. - M., 1972. S. 92.). Makumi mashoma emakore gare gare, Richter akatamba mune imwe yemwaka nhamba yekutanga uye fugues naShostakovich, Myaskovsky's Third Sonata, uye Prokofiev's Eighth. Uye zvakare, sepamazuva ekare, zvingave zvakakodzera kunyora mumushumo wakaoma: "Ndaida kubata ruoko rwechigaro changu ..." - yakasimba kwazvo, yakashatirwa yaiva chamupupuri chepfungwa chakaputika mumhanzi weMyaskovsky, Shostakovich, pakupera Prokofiev kutenderera.

Panguva imwecheteyo, Richter aigara achida, pakarepo uye akashandurwa zvachose, kutora muteereri munyika yekunyarara, kuvharwa kwekufungisisa kwezwi, mimhanzi "nirvana", uye pfungwa dzakadzika. Kunyika iyo isinganzwisisike uye yakaoma-kusvika, uko zvinhu zvese zviri mukuita - zvivharo zvemavara, machira, chinhu, goko - zvinotonyangarika, zvinonyunguduka pasina tsvakiridzo, zvichipa nzira kune yakasimba kwazvo, zviuru-volt yemweya mwaranzi. Ndiyo nyika yeRichter's akawanda ekutanga uye fugues kubva kuBach's Good Tempered Clavier, piano yekupedzisira yaBeethoven inoshanda (pamusoro pezvese, Arietta akangwara kubva opus 111), zvikamu zvinononoka zveSchubert's sonatas, the philosophical poetics yeBrahms, iyo psychological inonzwika pendi. yeDebussy naRavel. Kududzirwa kwemabhuku aya kwakapa chikonzero kune mumwe wevaongorori vokune dzimwe nyika kunyora kuti: “Richter mutambi wepiyano anonyatsoteerera. Dzimwe nguva zvinoita sekuti hurongwa hwese hwemimhanzi hunoitika pachahwo. (Delson V. Svyatoslav Richter. - M., 1961. S. 19.). Mutsoropodzi akatora mashoko akanyatsonangana.

Saka, "fortissimo" ine simba kwazvo yezviitiko zvedariro uye "pianissimo" inoroya ... zvinonakidza - zvakafara, zvakapfuma, zvakasiyana-siyana - manzwiro. Zvinoita sekuti ukuru hwaRichter semutambi wekonzati hahusi mukusimba kwemanzwiro ake chete, ayo ainyanya kucherechedzwa muhuduku hwake, pamwe nemunguva ye50s uye 60s, asiwo mukusiyana kwavo kwechokwadi kweShakespearean, the gigantic scale of the swings: frenzy - huzivi hwakadzama, ecstatic impulse - kudzikama uye kuona masikati, chiito chekushingaira - inrospection yakanyanya uye yakaoma.

Zvinoda kuziva panguva imwe chete kuti kunewo mavara akadaro muhuwandu hwemanzwiro evanhu ayo Richter, senyanzvi, akagara achinzvenga uye achidzivisa. Mumwe wevanonyanya kuchenjera vaongorori vebasa rake, Leninrader LE Gakkel akambozvibvunza mubvunzo: chii chiri muhunyanzvi hwaRichter. kwete? (Mubvunzo, pakutanga pakuona, une rhetorical uye unoshamisa, asi chaizvoizvo zviri pamutemo, nokuti kusavapo chimwe chinhu pane dzimwe nguva chinoratidza hunhu hweunyanzvi zvakajeka kupfuura kuvapo muchimiro chake chezvinhu zvakadaro nezvakadaro.) MuRichter, Gakkel anonyora kuti, “… hakuna runako rwenyama, kukwezva; muRichter hamuna rudo, hunyengeri, kutamba, rhythm yake haina hunhu ... " (Gakkel L. Yemimhanzi uye yevanhu // Nyaya dzemimhanzi nevaimbi.—L .; M .; 1973. P. 147.). Mumwe anogona kuenderera mberi: Richter haana kunyanya kurerekera kune iyo yechokwadi, yakavanzika yehukama iyo mumwe mutambi anovhura nayo mweya wake kune vateereri - ngatiyeukei Cliburn, semuenzaniso. Semuimbi, Richter haasi mumwe we "akavhurika" hunhu, haana kunyanyisa kushamwaridzana (Cortot, Arthur Rubinstein), hapana iyo yakakosha mhando - ngatiidaidze kureurura - iyo yakaratidza hunyanzvi hweSofronitsky kana Yudina. Manzwiro emuimbi akakura, akasimba, ane zvese zvakakomba uye uzivi; chimwe chinhu - kungave hukama, hunyoro, kudziya kwetsitsi ... - dzimwe nguva vanoshaya. Neuhaus akambonyora kuti "dzimwe nguva, kunyange zvisingawanzoitiki" asina "hunhu" muRichter, "pasinei nekukwirira kwose kwemweya kwekuita" (Neigauz G. Reflections, ndangariro, diaries. S. 109.). Hazvisi zvakangoitika, sezviri pachena, kuti pakati pezvimedu zvepiyano panewo izvo izvo mutambi wepiyano, nekuda kwekusiyana kwake, zvakanyanya kuoma kupfuura nevamwe. Kune vanyori, nzira iyo yakagara yakaoma kwaari; Vaongorori, semuenzaniso, vakakakavadzana kwenguva refu nezve "dambudziko reChopin" mune zvemitambo yaRichter.

Dzimwe nguva vanhu vanobvunza: chii chinotonga muunyanzvi hwemuimbi - kunzwa? wafunga? (Pane iyi yechinyakare "touchstone", sezvamunoziva, mazhinji ehunhu akapihwa vatambi nekushoropodzwa kwemimhanzi anoedzwa). Hapana kana imwe kana imwe - uye izvi zvakare zvinoshamisa kuna Richter mune yake yakanakisa nhanho zvisikwa. Aigara ari kure nekukasira kwevatambi verudo uye nekusagadzikana kwepfungwa uko vatambi ve "rationalist" vanovaka zvivakwa zvavo zvinonzwika. Uye kwete chete nokuti kuenzanisa uye kuwirirana zviri muchimiro chaRichter, mune zvose zviri basa remaoko ake. Hechino chimwe chinhu.

Richter inyanzvi yemhando yemazuva ano chete. Kufanana nevazhinji masters emumhanzi tsika yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, kufunga kwake kwekugadzira ndeye organic synthesis yekunzwisisa uye manzwiro. Chinhu chimwe chete chakakosha. Kwete kuumbwa kwechinyakare kwekunzwa kupisa uye pfungwa yakapfava, yakadzikama, sezvaiwanzoitika kare, asi, zvakasiyana, kubatana kwemoto, chena-inopisa hunyanzvi. pfungwa zvine hungwaru, zvine musoro manzwiro. ("Kunzwa kunonzwisisika, uye kufunga kunopisa kusvika pamwero zvekuti inova chiitiko chakapinza" (Mazel L. Pamusoro pemaitiro eShostakovich // Zvimiro zvemaitiro eShostakovich. - M., 1962. P. 15.)- aya mazwi aL. Mazel, achitsanangura chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvemazuva ano mumhanzi mumhanzi, dzimwe nguva anoita seanotaura zvakananga pamusoro paRichter). Kunzwisisa kunoratidzika kunge kukanganisika uku kunoreva kunzwisisa chinhu chakakosha zvikuru mukududzira kweanoridza piyano yemabasa aBartók, Shostakovich, Hindemith, Berg.

Uye chimwe chinhu chinosiyanisa mabasa aRichter isangano rakajeka remukati. Zvakambotaurwa kuti mune zvose zvinoitwa nevanhu mune unyanzvi - vanyori, vanyori, vatambi, vaimbi - "Ini" yavo yemunhu anogara achipenya; Homo sapiens inozviratidza muzviitiko, rinopenya naro. Richter, sekumuziva kunoita vamwe, haashiviriri chero kuratidzwa kwekuregeredza, hunhu husina maturo kune bhizinesi, organically haashiviriri izvo zvinogona kubatanidzwa ne "nenzira" uye "neimwe nzira." Kubata kunonakidza. Shure kwake kune zviuru zvehurukuro dzevanhu vose, uye imwe neimwe yakaverengwa naye, yakanyorwa mumabhuku ezvinyorwa. kuti played kupi uye rinhi. Masikirwo akafanana ekuzvarwa nawo ekunyatsorongeka uye kuzvidzora - mukududzira kweanoridza piyano. Zvose zviri mavari zvakarongwa zvakadzama, kuyerwa uye kugoverwa, zvose zvakanyatsojeka: muzvinangwa, maitiro uye nzira dzekuita nhanho. Pfungwa dzaRichter dzekuronga zvinhu zvinonyanya kuoneka mumabasa emhando huru dzinosanganisirwa mune repertoire yemuimbi. Zvakadai seTchaikovsky's First Piano Concerto (yakakurumbira kurekodha naKarajan), Prokofiev's Fifth Concerto naMaazel, Beethoven's First Concerto naMunsch; concertos uye sonata cycles naMozart, Schumann, Liszt, Rachmaninoff, Bartok nevamwe vanyori.

Vanhu vainyatsoziva Richter vakati mukati menzendo dzake dzakawanda, achishanyira maguta nenyika dzakasiyana-siyana, haana kurasikirwa nemukana wekutarisa muimba yemitambo; Opera inonyanya pedyo naye. Iye anofarira fan of cinema, firimu rakanaka kwaari mufaro chaiwo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Richter anogara kwenguva refu uye anoshingaira anoda kupenda: akazvipenda (nyanzvi dzinovimbisa kuti aifadza uye ane tarenda), akapedza maawa akawanda mumamyuziyamu pamberi pemifananidzo yaaida; imba yake yaiwanzoshandira vernissages, kuratidzwa kwemabasa neizvi kana kuti muimbi. Uye chimwezve chinhu: kubva paudiki haana kusiiwa aine chido chemabhuku, aitya Shakespeare, Goethe, Pushkin, Blok ... izvi zvinovhenekera kuita kwaRichter nechiedza chakakosha, chinozviita phenomenon.

Panguva imwe cheteyo—chimwezve chinokatyamadza muunyanzvi hwomuimbi wepiyano!— “Ini” aRichter haambotauri kuva demige mumuitiro wokusika. Mumakore ekupedzisira e10-15 izvi zvave zvichinyanya kuoneka, izvo, zvisinei, zvichakurukurwa gare gare. Zvingangodaro, dzimwe nguva mumwe anofunga pamakonti emuimbi, zvingava kuenzanisa munhu-yega mukududzirwa kwake nechepasi pemvura, chikamu chisingaoneki chechando: ine simba re-matani akawanda, ndiyo nheyo yezviri pamusoro. ; kubva pakuona maziso, zvisinei, zvakavanzwa - uye zvizere ... tsanangudzo uye chimiro chechimiro chake chedariro. Achitaura nezvemuimbi wepiyano, mumwe wevaongorori akambotaura nezvemashoko akakurumbira eSchiller: kurumbidzwa kwepamusoro kwemuimbi ndiko kutaura kuti tinokanganwa nezvake shure kwezvisikwa zvake; vanoita kunge vakanangana naRichter - ndizvo zvinoita kuti ukanganwe nezvazvo iye pachake pane zvaanoita… Sezviri pachena, zvimwe zvechisikigo zvetarenda remuimbi zvinoita kuti vanzwe pano - typology, hunhu, nezvimwe. Pamusoro pazvo, heinoi yakakosha kusika marongero.

Apa ndipo panotangira imwe, pamwe kugona kunoshamisa kwazvo kwaRichter semutambi wemakonti, kunotangira - kugona kuzvarwa patsva. Yakanamirwa maari kusvika kumadhigirii epamusoro ekukwana uye hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi, anomuisa munzvimbo yakakosha mudenderedzwa revamwe vaanoshanda navo, kunyangwe ivo vakakurumbira; panyaya iyi anenge asingaenzaniswi. Neuhaus, uyo akati kushandurwa kwemaitiro pamitambo yaRichter kune chikamu chepamusoro-soro yemuimbi, akanyora mushure mechimwe chezvinyorwa zvake: "Paakaridza Schumann mushure meHaydn, zvinhu zvose zvakave zvakasiyana: piyano yakanga yakasiyana, ruzha rwakasiyana; mutinhimira wakanga wakasiyana, chimiro chekutaura chakanga chakasiyana; uye zviri pachena kuti nei - aive Haydn, uye aive Schumann, uye S. Richter nekunyatsojeka akakwanisa kusanganisa mukuita kwake kwete chete kutaridzika kwemunyori wega, asiwo nguva yake ” (Neigauz G. Svyatoslav Richter // Reflections, ndangariro, diaries. P. 240.).

Hapana chikonzero chekutaura nezvekubudirira nguva dzose kwaRichter, kubudirira kwacho kwakakura (gangaidzo inotevera uye yekupedzisira) nekuti veruzhinji havawanzo bvumidzwa kuyemura manheru aRichter zvese zvavanenge vajaira kuyemura manheru evazhinji vane mukurumbira “ aces” yepiyano: kwete mukunaka kwechiridzwa chine rupo nemhedzisiro , kana ruzha rweumbozha "kushongedza", kana "konzati" inopenya ...

Izvi zvagara zviri hunhu hwematambiro aRichter - kurambwa kwese kwese kwekunze kunokwezva, zvekunyepedzera (makore ekumaXNUMX nemakumi masere akaunza maitiro aya kusvika pakakwirira). Zvose zvinogona kukanganisa vateereri kubva kune chinhu chikuru uye chikuru mumimhanzi - tarisa pane zvakakosha itaUye kwete inoitwa. Kutamba nenzira iyo Richter anotamba nayo pamwe haina kukwana kune chiitiko chedariro chete, zvisinei kuti chingave chikuru sei; tsika imwe chete yehunyanzvi - kunyangwe yakasarudzika pachiyero; tarenda remusikirwo - kunyangwe hombe… Pano pane chimwe chinhu chinodiwa. Chimwe chakaoma cheunhu nehunhu hwemunhu. Vanhu vanoziva Richter vanonyatsotaura nezwi rimwe chete pamusoro pekuzvininipisa kwake, kusafarira, mafungiro asina hanya kune zvakatipoteredza, hupenyu, uye mimhanzi.

Kwemakumi emakore akati wandei, Richter anga achifambira mberi asingamire. Zvingaita sekuti anoenderera mberi zviri nyore uye nemufaro, asi muchokwadi anoita nzira yake kuburikidza nekusingaperi, kusina tsitsi, kushanda kusina hunhu. Maawa mazhinji emakirasi, ayo akarondedzerwa pamusoro apa, achiri muitiro wehupenyu hwake. Zvishoma zvachinja pano nekufamba kwemakore. Kunze kwekunge nguva yakawanda yakatsaurirwa kushanda nechiridzwa. Nokuti Richter anotenda kuti nezera zvakakosha kuti usaderedze, asi kuwedzera mutoro wekugadzira - kana iwe ukazvigadzirira chinangwa chekuchengetedza kuita "fomu" ...

Mumakore makumi masere, zviitiko zvakawanda zvinonakidza uye kubudirira zvakaitika muhupenyu hwekusika hwemuimbi. Chokutanga pane zvose, munhu haagoni kubatsira asi kuyeuka Manheru eDecember - iyi yemutambo we-a-kind yemitambo (mimhanzi, kupenda, nhetembo), iyo Richter anopa simba rakawanda uye simba. Manheru aDecember, ayo akaitwa kubvira 1981 paPushkin State Museum of Fine Arts, atova tsika; nekuda kweredhiyo neterevhizheni, vakawana vateereri vakawanda. Zvidzidzo zvavo zvakasiyana-siyana: classics uye yemazuva ano, Russian uye kunze unyanzvi. Richter, muvambi uye anokurudzira "Manheru", anotarisa mune zvese chaizvo panguva yekugadzirira kwavo: kubva pakugadzirira kwezvirongwa uye kusarudzwa kwevatori vechikamu kusvika kune zvisinganyanyi kukosha, zvingaite senge, ruzivo uye zvidiki. Nekudaro, hapana zvidiki kwaari kana zvasvika kune art. "Zvinhu zvidiki zvinogadzira kukwana, uye kukwana hachisi chinhu chidiki" - aya mazwi aMichelangelo anogona kuve epigraph yakanakisa pakuita kwaRichter nemabasa ake ese.

PaManheru eDecember, chimwe chikamu chetarenda raRichter chakaratidzwa: pamwe chete nemutungamiriri B. Pokrovsky, akatora chikamu mukugadzirwa kweB. Britten's operas Albert Herring uye The Turn of the Screw. “Svyatoslav Teofilovich akashanda kubva mangwanani-ngwanani kusvikira pakati pousiku,” anoyeuka kudaro mutungamiriri weMuseum of Fine Arts I. Antonova. “Vakaita zvidzidzo zvakawanda nevaimbi. Ndakashanda nemagetsi, akatarisa chaizvo girobhu rega rega, zvese kusvika kudiki diki. Iye pachake akaenda nenyanzvi kuraibhurari kuti asarudze zvinyorwa zveChirungu zvekugadzira mutambo wacho. Ndakanga ndisingafarire zvipfeko zvacho – ndakaenda kuterevhizheni ndokumbotsvanzvadzira muimba yekupfeka kwemaawa akati wandei kusvika ndawana chaienderana naye. Chikamu chese chekutamba chakafungwa naye.

Richter achiri kushanya zvakawanda muUSSR uye kunze kwenyika. Muna 1986, somuenzaniso, akapa anenge 150 makonzati. Nhamba yacho inoshamisa. Zvinenge zvakapetwa kaviri pane zvakajairwa, zvinowanzogamuchirwa konzati yetsika. Kupfuura, nenzira, "tsika" yeSvyatoslav Teofilovich pachake - kare, sekutonga, haana kupa makonzati anopfuura 120 pagore. Nzira dzekushanya kwaRichter ivo pachavo muna 1986, iyo yakafukidza inenge hafu yenyika, yaitaridzika zvakanyanya: zvese zvakatanga nemitambo muEurope, ndokuzoteverwa nerwendo rurefu rwemaguta eUSSR (chikamu cheEurope chenyika, Siberia, Far East), ipapo - Japan, uko Svyatoslav Teofilovich aiva 11 solo clavirabends - uye zvakare makonzati munyika yokumusha kwake, chete zvino mune reverse kurongeka, kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumadokero. Chimwe chinhu cherudzi urwu chakadzokororwa naRichter muna 1988 - mutsara wakareba wakafanana wemaguta makuru uye kwete makuru, mutsara wakafanana wekuenderera mberi kwekuita, kusingaperi kusingagumi kunofamba kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo. "Nei maguta akawanda kudaro uye aya chaiwo?" Svyatoslav Teofilovich akambobvunzwa. “Nemhaka yokuti handisati ndadziridza,” akapindura kudaro. "Ndinoda, ndinoda chaizvo kuona nyika. […] Unoziva here chinondikwezva? geographic interest. Kwete “kudzungaira”, asi ndizvozvo. Kazhinji, handifarire kugara kwenguva refu munzvimbo imwe chete, hapana… Hapana chinoshamisa murwendo rwangu, hapana chakanaka, chishuwo changu.

Me fadza, izvi zvine chitsungo. Geography, hunyoro hutsva, zvitsva zvinoonekwa - iyi zvakare imhando yehunyanzvi. Ndosaka ndichifara pandinobva pane imwe nzvimbo uye pachava nezvimwe itsva. Zvikasadaro upenyu hahunakidze.” (Rikhter Svyatoslav: "Hapana chinoshamisa parwendo rwangu.": Kubva pane zvinyorwa zvekufamba zveV. Chemberdzhi // Sov. Music. 1987. No. 4. P. 51.).

Basa rinowedzera mukuita kwaRichter danho rakangoitwa nekamuri-ensemble kugadzira mimhanzi. Akagara ari mutambi akanakisa ensemble, aifarira kuita nevaimbi nevaimbi; mumakore makumi manomwe nemakumi masere izvi zvakava kunyanya kuoneka. Svyatoslav Teofilovich kazhinji anotamba naO. Kagan, N. Gutman, Yu. Bashmet; pakati pevamwe vake mumwe aigona kuona G. Pisarenko, V. Tretyakov, Borodin Quartet, mapoka evechidiki pasi pekutungamirirwa kwaY. Nikolaevsky nevamwe. Rudzi rwenharaunda yevatambi vehunyanzvi hwakasiyana hwakaumbwa vakamukomberedza; Vatsoropodzi vakatanga kutaura, kwete pasina dzimwe nzira, nezve "Richter galaxy"... Sezvineiwo, kusikwa kwekushanduka kwevaimbi vari pedyo naRichter kwakanyanya pasi pesimba rake rakananga uye rakasimba - kunyangwe iye angangodaro asingaite chero sarudzo dzekuita izvi. . Uye zvakadaro… Kuzvipira kwake kwepedyo kubasa, kugona kwake kwekugadzira, chinangwa chake hachigone asi kungokanganisa, zvinopupurira hama dzemupiyano. Kukurukurirana naye, vanhu vanotanga kuita izvo, zvingaita, zvinopfuura simba ravo uye mano. “Akadzima musiyano pakati pekudzidzira, kudzokorora uye konzati,” anodaro munyori wezvesero N. Gutman. “Vaimbi vazhinji pane imwe nguva vanozofunga kuti basa rapera. Richter achangotanga kushanda pazviri panguva ino. "

Zvakawanda zviri kushamisa mu "kunonoka" Richter. Asi zvichida kupfuura zvose - chido chake chisingaperi chekutsvaga zvinhu zvitsva mumimhanzi. Zvinoita sekunge nekuwanda kwake repertoire kuunganidza - sei uchitsvaga chimwe chinhu chaasati amboita? Zvinofanira here? ... Uye zvakadaro muzvirongwa zvake zvemakumi manomwe nemakumi masere munhu anogona kuwana akati wandei emabasa matsva aasati amboita - semuenzaniso, Shostakovich, Hindemith, Stravinsky, nevamwe vanyori. Kana kuti chokwadi ichi: kwemakore anopfuura makumi maviri akatevedzana, Richter akapinda mumutambo wemimhanzi muguta reTours (France). Uye hapana kana kamwe panguva ino akazvidzokorora muzvirongwa zvake ...

Matambiro omuimbi wepiyano akachinja here mazuva ano? Matambiro ake ekonzati? Hongu uye kwete. Kwete, nokuti muRichter mukuru akaramba ari iye pachake. Nheyo dzeunyanzvi hwake dzakanyanya kugadzikana uye dzine simba kune chero yakakosha shanduko. Panguva imwecheteyo, mamwe maitiro ekutamba kwake mumakore apfuura akawana kumwe kuenderera mberi nekusimudzira nhasi. Chokutanga pane zvose - kuti "kusajeka" kwaRichter muiti, izvo zvatove zvataurwa. Hunhu uhu, hunoshamisa hwemafambiro ake, nekuda kwekuti vateereri vanonzwa kuti vari zvakananga, vakatarisana, vachisangana nevanyori vemabasa akaitwa - pasina muturikiri kana murevereri. Uye inoita fungidziro yakasimba sezvaisina kujairika. Hapana munhu pano anogona kuenzanisa naSvyatoslav Teofilovich ...

Panguva imwecheteyo, hazvibviri kusaona kuti chinangwa chakasimbiswa chaRichter semuturikiri - kusaomarara kwekuita kwake nekusachena kupi zvako - kune mhedzisiro uye mhedzisiro. Chokwadi ichokwadi: mukududzirwa kwakawanda kwemuimbi wepiyano wemakumi manomwe nemakumi masere, mumwe dzimwe nguva anonzwa kumwe "kunyungudutswa" kwemanzwiro, imwe mhando ye "humwe hunhu" (zvichida zvingava zvakanyanya kutaura kuti "pamusoro". -unhu") hwemashoko emimhanzi. Dzimwe nguva kuparadzaniswa kwemukati kubva kune vateereri vanoona zvakatipoteredza kunoita kuti vanzwe. Dzimwe nguva, mune zvimwe zvezvirongwa zvake, Richter aitarisa zvishoma zvishoma senyanzvi, asingazvibvumiri chero chinhu - saka, zvishoma, zvaiita sezviri kunze - izvo zvaizopfuura bhuku rekunyora kwakarurama kwezvinyorwa. Tinoyeuka kuti GG Neuhaus akamboshaya "hunhu" mumudzidzi wake ane mukurumbira pasi rose uye ane mukurumbira - "zvisinei nekukwirira kwese kwemweya kwekuita." Ruramisiro inoda kucherechedzwa: izvo Genrikh Gustavovich akataura nezvazvo hazvina kumbonyangarika nekufamba kwenguva. Asi zvakapesana…

(Zvinogoneka kuti zvese zvatiri kutaura pamusoro pazvo zvino mhedzisiro yebasa raRichter renguva refu, rinoenderera uye rine simba guru. Kunyange izvi hazvina kungomukanganisa.)

Sezvineiwo, vamwe vevateereri vakamboreurura pachena vasati vanzwa manheru aRichter kunzwa kuti muridzi wepiyano ari pane imwe nzvimbo iri chinhambwe kubva kwavari, pane imwe mhando yepamusoro petsoka. Uye pakutanga, Richter airatidzika kuvazhinji seanozvikudza uye ane hukuru hwemufananidzo-"wekudenga", muOlympian, asingasvikike kumunhuwo zvake ... Iyo pedestal inotaridzika zvakanyanya kushamisa, yakakura uye ... kure kure.

Uye mberi. Pamapeji apfuura, maitiro aRichter ekugadzira kudzika, kuzviongorora, "huzivi" akaonekwa. (“Kuimba kwese kwemimhanzi kunoitika maari”…) Mumakore achangopfuura, anoitika achikwira mudenga munzvimbo dzemweya zvekuti zvinonetsa kuti veruzhinji vabate. kuonana navo zvakananga. Uye kuombera maoko mushure mekuita kwemuimbi hakuchinje chokwadi ichi.

Zvose zviri pamusoro apa hazvisi kutsoropodza mupfungwa yenguva dzose, inowanzoshandiswa yeshoko racho. Svyatoslav Teofilovich Richter akanyanya kukosha chimiro chekugadzira, uye mupiro wake kune unyanzvi hwepasi rose wakakurisa kuti uswedeke nemaitiro akakosha. Panguva imwecheteyo, hapana chikonzero chekufuratira kubva kune chimwe chakakosha, chete chemukati maficha ekuonekwa kwekuita. Uyezve, vanoratidza mamwe maitiro emakore ake akawanda ekushanduka-shanduka senyanzvi uye munhu.

Pakupera kwenhaurirano pamusoro paRichter wemakore makumi manomwe nemakumi masere, hazvigoneke kusaona kuti Artistic Calculation yemuridzi wepiyano iye zvino yave kunyatsojeka uye kusimbiswa. Micheto yezvivakwa zvenzwi rakavakwa naye yakawedzera kujeka uye kupinza. Chisimbiso chakajeka cheizvi ndicho chemazuva ano mapurogiramu ekonzati yeSvyatoslav Teofilovich, uye zvinyorwa zvake, kunyanya zvidimbu kubva kuTchaikovsky's The Seasons, Rachmaninov's etudes-paintings, pamwe chete naShostakovich's Quintet ne "Borodinians".

… Hama dzaRichter dzinoshuma kuti anenge asina kumbogutsikana zvachose nezvaaita. Anogara achinzwa chinhambwe pakati pezvaanonyatsowana pachikuva nezvaaizoda kuwana. Kana, mushure memamwe makonzati, anoudzwa - kubva pasi pemoyo wake uye nebasa rakazara rehunyanzvi - kuti apotsa asvika pamuganho wezvinogoneka mukuita kwemimhanzi, anopindura - sepachena uye nehanya: kwete, kwete, Ini ndoga ndoziva kuti zvinofanirwa kuve sei ...

Naizvozvo, Richter anoramba ari Richter.

G. Tsypin, 1990