Kantele: chii ichocho, nhoroondo yechiridzwa, kuumbwa, marudzi, kushandiswa, kutamba maitiro

Sadko anobva kuRussia ngano akaridza mbira, uye vaimbi veFinnish neKarelian vakashandisa chiridzwa chakafanana chaizvo - kantele. Iyo ndeyemhuri yechordophone, "hama" yepedyo ndiyo zither. Inoonekwa seyakakurumbira muKarelia neFinland. MuNorthern Europe, kune ngano pamusoro pake, ngano, epic nyaya dzakachengetedzwa.

Tool mudziyo

Finnish gusli ine mudziyo uri nyore. Munguva dzekare, dzakacheneswa kubva pachidimbu chemuti wemualder, zvichipa chimiro chebhokisi, rakapihwa tambo kubva mutsinga dzemhuka kana bvudzi rebhiza. Ikozvino kantele chigadziko chinogadzikwa tambo, bhodhi rinonzwika, tuning pegs. Chiridzwa chetambo chinogadzirwa nespruce, birch pegs, tambo dzakagara dzakagadzirwa nesimbi.

Hukuru hweKarelian kantele idiki. Kureba kwayo hakuna kupfuura 80 centimita - zviri nyore kutakura, kutakura newe kubva kune imwe imba neimba. Nhamba yetambo inogona kusiyana. Kare kwaingova neshanu chete. Iye zvino vaimbi vanoshandisa zviridzwa zvine tambo gumi nematanhatu ne16. Yekutanga ndeye diatonic, iyo yekupedzisira chromatic. Mimhanzi yerudzi inoitwa pamakopi ediatonic, iwo echromatic anoshandiswa mukirasi yekuita.

Nhoroondo yekwakabva

Vanhu vekare vaiti chiridzwa chacho chinoreva tsika. Vese vaida kuitamba vakatadza. Vanhu chete vaipinzwa musakaramende ndivo vaitenderwa tambo. Kazhinji vakuru vemhuri ndivo vairidza ma runes pa kantele. Hapana anoshinga kutaura pakaonekwa kantele. Aigona kusvika kuKarelia achibva kuFinland kana kuBaltic, uko kwakashandiswa rudzi rwakafanana, runonzi “kankles” kana kuti “kannel”. Chimiro chedhiatonic chepisateri chakaita kuti zvikwanise kuridza nziyo dzakareruka chete, kuperekedza nziyo dzechivanhu dzisina kuoma.

Zvese zvakachinja muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, apo mugadziri weKalevala epic runes, muchengeti weFinnish epic Elias Lennrot, akavandudza kantele. Akakamura tambo dzacho kuita mitsara miviri, mumwe wacho waive neaya ari mupiyano zvigunwe zvinoenderana nemakiyi matema. Mhedzisiro yacho yaive chiridzwa chine chromatic scale, icho chaive chakakodzera kuita mimhanzi yezvidzidzo.

Ikopi yakagadzirwa naLennrot yakachengetwa. Hope yaishe yaive yekuparadzira kantele pasi rose, kudzidzisa kuiridza muzvikoro zvese zvemimhanzi. Makore zana mushure memuunganidzi wengano, Viktor Gudkov, mupepeti wepepanhau reKandalaksha, akanyatsoongorora rudimbwa rwechiFinnish. Akaororwa kwazvo neruzha rwakanaka zvekuti akachinja magadzirirwo ekantele uye akatogadzira ensemble.

Cantelists vakafamba munyika yose, vakarekodha nziyo dzekare, vakazviita pamatanho eDzimba dzeTsika. Muna 1936 vakahwina All-Union Radio Festival. Gudkov akagadzira mifananidzo maererano neiyo yekutanga prima uye piccolo-kantele, viola, bass uye kaviri bass yakagadzirwa.

Mhando

Semazuva ekare, chiridzwa chetambo chinoshandiswa pakuita wega. Nziyo dzechivanhu uye ngano dzehugamba dzinoimbwa kune ruzha rwayo. Kantele ine chromatic tuning inoshandiswa mumaokestra. Kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana emhando dzakasiyana:

• bass;
• piccolo
• anogamuchira;
• refu kana refu.

Zvaakasvika kumumhanzi wenyanzvi dzezvidzidzo, gusli yekuFinnish yakatanga kunzi chiridzwa cheorchestra.

Kutamba kantele

Vaimbi vanogara pasi pachigaro, vanoisa mbira pamabvi avo. Tambo dzinodamburwa neminwe yemaoko maviri. Iyo yakarurama inogadzirisa toni huru, ine basa rekugadzirisa mitsara yezvinyorwa zvakanyanyisa uye zvepakati, iyo yakasara inozadza mapeji.

Kare, kutema zvigunwe kwaiva nyore. Pakantele 5-tambo, munwe chaiwo "wakagadziriswa" patambo imwe neimwe. Tambo dzinobatwa neminwe, dzimwe nguva dzinobatwa nechigunwe. Kana chordophone ichirira muochestra uye ichiita basa rekutsigirwa kweharmonic, ipapo kurira kunoshandiswa. Nehunyanzvi uhu, kudzidza kutamba muzvikoro zvemimhanzi kunotanga.

kushandisa

Zviridzwa zvishoma zvekare nhasi zvinogona kudada nemukurumbira wakadaro. Kare, yainzwika pamabiko ose omumusha. Munharaunda yekuchamhembe yeLadoga, nziyo dzinonakidza, dzinofadza, dzekutamba dzakanga dzakapararira.

Muzana ramakore rechiXNUMX, repertoire yeFinnish gusli yakawedzera. Mabasa echivanhu akaitwa nenyanzvi anoramba achishandiswa. Pamakonzati, nziyo dzevanyori dzechiridzwa ichi dzinonzwika. Solo haina kunyanya kuwanda. Ensemble mimhanzi inoshandiswa kakawanda.

Jazzmen, vaimbi verock havanawo kudarika rudimbwa rweFinnish. Vanowanzovashandisa muzvirongwa. Inimitable ruzha runopa yakakosha ruvara, sophistication kune yakazara ruzha kumashure. Iwe unogona zvakare kunzwa kantele mune ruzha rwemafirimu emazuva ano. Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, mhemberero dzakarongwa dzinoratidza kunaka kweichi chiridzwa chinoshamisa, kutaura kwacho uye chakavanzika.