Cleveland Orchestra |

Cleveland Orchestra

Iyo Cleveland Orchestra iAmerican symphony orchestra yakavakirwa muCleveland, Ohio. Okhestra yakavambwa muna 1918. Nzvimbo yekonzati yepamusha yeimba yacho iSeverance Hall. Zvinoenderana netsika yakatanga mukutsoropodzwa kwemumhanzi weAmerica, Cleveland Orchestra ndeyevashanu vepamusoro vekuUS symphony orchestras (iyo inonzi "Big Five"), uye ndiyo yega orchestra kubva kune iyi shanu kubva kuguta diki reAmerica.

Iyo Cleveland Orchestra yakavambwa muna 1918 nemuimbi wepiyano Adella Prentice Hughes. Kubva pakuvambwa kwayo, orchestra yanga iri pasi pekutsigirwa kwakakosha kweAssociation for the Arts in Music. Mutungamiri wekutanga weCleveland Orchestra aiva Nikolai Sokolov. Kubva pamakore okutanga ekuvapo kwayo, orchestra yakashingaira kutenderera chikamu chekumabvazuva cheUnited States, ichitora chikamu munhepfenyuro. Nekuvandudzwa kweindasitiri yekurekodha, orchestra yakatanga kurekodha nguva dzose.

Kubva 1931, orchestra yakagara muSeverence Hall, yakavakwa nemari yeCleveland mumhanzi anoda uye philanthropist John Severance. Horo iyi yemakonzati inokwana vanhu 1900 inoonekwa seimwe yenzvimbo dzakanakisisa muUnited States. Muna 1938, Nikolai Sokolov akatsiviwa panzvimbo kondakita Artur Rodzinsky, uyo akanga ashanda pamwe nechikwata kwemakore gumi. Pashure pake, iyo orchestra yakatungamirirwa naErich Leinsdorf kwemakore matatu.

The heyday yeCleveland Orchestra yakatanga nekusvika kwemutungamiri wayo, conductor George Sell. Akatanga basa rake mune iyi positi muna 1946 nekukosha kwekurongazve orchestra. Vamwe vaimbi vakadzingwa basa, vamwe, vasingade kushanda nekondakita mutsva, vakasiya orchestra ivo pachavo. Mumakore ekuma1960, orchestra iyi yaive nevaimbi vanopfuura zana vaive pakati pevairidza zviridzwa zvakanaka muAmerica. Nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwepamusoro hweumwe neumwe wavo, vatsoropodzi vakanyora kuti Cleveland Orchestra "inotamba semuimbi mukuru ari oga." Kweanopfuura makore makumi maviri ehutungamiriri hwaGeorge Sell, iyo orchestra, sekureva kwevatsoropodzi, yakawana yayo yakasarudzika "European inzwi".

Nekusvika kwaSell, orchestra yakatonyanya kushanda mumakonzati nekurekodha. Mumakore aya, nhamba yegore negore yemakonzati yakasvika 150 pamwaka. Pasi paGeorge Sell, orchestra yakatanga kushanya kune dzimwe nyika. Kusanganisira, muna 1965, kushanya kwake USSR kwakaitika. Makonzati akaitwa muMoscow, Leningrad, Kyiv, Tbilisi, Sochi uye Yerevan.

Mushure mekufa kwaGeorge Sell muna 1970, Pierre Boulez akatungamira Cleveland Orchestra semupangamazano wemimhanzi kwemakore maviri. Mune ramangwana, vaimbi veGermany vaizivikanwa zvikuru Lorin Maazel naChristoph von Dohnanyi vaiva vatungamiri veunyanzvi veimbi. Franz Welser-Möst ave ari mutungamiri mukuru weorchestra kubvira 2. Pasi pemitemo yebvumirano, acharamba ari pamusoro weCleveland Orchestra kusvika 2002.

Vatungamiri vemimhanzi:

Nikolai Sokolov (1918-1933) Arthur Rodzinsky (1933-1943) Erich Leinsdorf (1943-1946) George Sell (1946-1970) Pierre Boulez (1970-1972) Lorin Maazel (1972-1982) Christoph1984 Dony Franz Welser-Möst (kubvira 2002)