Melodika: tsananguro chiridzwa, kuumbwa, mhando, nhoroondo, kushandiswa

Melodica inogona kunzi chigadzirwa chemazuva ano. Kunyangwe chokwadi chekuti makopi ekutanga akadzoka mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi XNUMX, akapararira chete muhafu yechipiri yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX.

tsananguro

Chiridzwa ichi hachisi chitsva. Muchinjikwa pakati pe accordion uye harmonica.

Melodika (melodica) inoonekwa seyakagadzirwa neGerman. Iyo ndeyeboka rezviridzwa zvetsanga, nyanzvi dzinotaura kune dzakasiyana-siyana dzeharmonicas dzine keyboard. Zita rakazara, rakarurama rechiridzwa kubva pakuona kwenyanzvi melodic harmonica kana mhepo melody.

Iine huwandu hwakasiyana hwakasiyana hwe2-2,5 octaves. Muimbi anoburitsa ruzha nekufuridzira mweya mumuromo, panguva imwe chete achishandisa makiyi nemaoko ake. Mikana yenziyo yerwiyo yakakwirira, ruzha rukuru, runofadza kuteerera. Inobatanidzwa zvinobudirira nezvimwe zviridzwa, saka yakapararira pasi rose.

Melody mudziyo

Iyo melody mudziyo ndeye symbiosis ye harmonica uye accordion zvinhu:

• Frame. Iyo yekunze chikamu chekesi yakashongedzwa nepiyano-yakafanana keyboard: makiyi matema anopindirana nemuchena. Mukati mune mhepo ine ndimi. Kana mutambi achifuridza mhepo, kudzvanya makiyi kunovhura mavharuvhu akakosha, jeti yemhepo inoshanda patsanga, nekuda kwekuti ruzha rweimwe timbre, vhoriyamu, uye kukwirira kunoburitswa.
• Keys. Nhamba yekiyi inosiyana, zvichienderana nerudzi, muenzaniso, chinangwa chechiridzwa. Professional melodic modhi ine 26-36 makiyi.
• Muromo (mouthpiece channel). Yakasungirirwa padivi pechiridzwa, chakagadzirirwa kuvhuvhuta mweya.

Iyo melodic harmonica inoita ruzha kana mhepo yavhuvhuta kunze uye makiyi ari pakesi anotsikirirwa panguva imwe chete.

Nhoroondo yechishandiso

Nhoroondo ye melodic harmonica inotanga muChina kutenderera 2-3 millennium BC. Pakanga pari panguva iyi apo yekutanga harmonica, Sheng, yakaonekwa. Zvinhu zvekugadzira zvaive bamboo, tsanga.

Sheng akauya kuEurope chete muzana ramakore reXVIII. Zvinotendwa kuti nekuda kwekuvandudzwa kwechigadzirwa cheChinese, iyo accordion yakaonekwa. Asi rwiyo rwakaonekwa kunyika gare gare.

Mienzaniso inobatanidza kukwanisa kweaccordion ne harmonica yakatanga kushambadzirwa muna 1892. Harmonica, yakagadzirwa nemakiyi, yakabudiswa nekambani yeGermany Zimmermann munharaunda yeTsarist Russia. Sosaiti yakanga isingafarire chiridzwa ichi, iyo yekutanga haina kucherechedzwa. Munguva yeKumukira kwaGumiguru, nzvimbo yaZimmermann yakaparadzwa nemhomho yevamutsiri, mhando dzezviridzwa, mifananidzo, uye kubudirira zvakaparadzwa.

Muna 1958, kambani yeGermany Hohner patented chimbo chitsva chemimhanzi, melodika, chakafanana neicho chisingadiwi nevaRussia. Saka, iyo melodic harmonica inoonekwa seyakagadzirwa neGerman. Uyu muenzaniso wakagamuchirwa nokuvimbika uye nokukurumidza wakapararira pasi rose.

The 60s yezana ramakore rapfuura yaive zuva rekufarirwa kwe melodic harmonica. Kunyanya akadanana nevatambi vekuAsia. Pakati pezvisingarambiki zvakanakira rwiyo mutengo wakaderera, nyore kushandisa, compactness, inopenya, mweya inonzwika.

Mhando dzenziyo

Mishonga yezviridzwa inosiyana mumhando yemimhanzi, zvimiro zvechimiro, saizi:

• Tenor. Paanenge achiridza, muimbi anoshandisa maoko maviri: neruboshwe anotsigira chikamu chepasi, nechokurudyi anoronga nemakiyi. Imwe sarudzo inogamuchirika inosanganisira kuisa chimiro panzvimbo yakati sandara, kubatanidza chubhu refu inochinjika kune gomba rejekiseni: izvi zvinokutendera kuti usunungure ruoko rwako rwechipiri, shandisa ese ari maviri kudzvanya makiyi. Chinhu chakasiyana chemuenzaniso ndeye toni yakaderera.
• Soprano (alto melody). Inokurudzira inzwi repamusoro pane tenor siyana. Mamwe mamodheru anosanganisira kutamba nemaoko maviri: makiyi matema ari kune rimwe divi, makiyi machena ari kune rimwe.
• bass. Iine toni yakaderera zvakanyanya. Zvakanga zvakajairika mukupera kwezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, nhasi zvanyanya kushoma.

Nzvimbo yekushandisa

Inoshandiswa zvinobudirira nevaimbi vega, chikamu che orchestras, ensembles, mapoka emimhanzi.

Muchikamu chechipiri, yakashandiswa zvakanyanya nevaimbi vejazz, rock, punk bands, Jamaican reggae mimhanzi. Iyo solo melodic chikamu chiripo mune imwe yezvinyorwa zveiyo nhoroondo Elvis Presley. Mutungamiriri weThe Beatles, John Lennon, haana kuregeredza chiridzwa.

Nyika dzeAsia dzinoshandisa rwiyo rwedzidzo yemimhanzi yechizvarwa chidiki. Chiridzwa cheEurope chatova chikamu chetsika dzekuMabvazuva; nhasi rinoshandiswa zvakanyanya muJapan neChina.

Russia inoshandisa melodic harmonica zvishoma zvishoma: inogona kuonekwa mune arsenal yevamwe vamiririri vepasi pevhu, jazz, uye maitiro evanhu.