Hand harmonicas: dhizaini, nhoroondo yemabviro, marudzi

Makore anopfuura 200 apfuura kubva pakuonekwa kweruoko accordion. Kubuda kwechiridzwa ichi kwakava chinhu chinodiwa pakubuda kwezvimiro zvemimhanzi zvakakurumbira sebhatani accordion uye accordion, izvo nhasi zvinosanganisirwa muboka rezvidzidzo. Asi maharmonicas emaoko emhando dzakasiyana anoenderera mberi achitenderera pasirese, achikwezva vateereri neruzha rwavo rwakasiyana.

patani

Chero zvingave zvakasiyana-siyana zveharmonica, maererano nemhando yekugadzirwa kwezwi, marudzi ose etsanga zviridzwa zvemimhanzi, kureva kuti, inzwi rinobudiswa pasi pechiito chemhepo yemhepo inobata rutsanga. Kunze, iyo harmonica mudziyo inoratidzika seizvi:

• kuruboshwe semi-muviri nekhibhodi yayo;
• kurudyi semi-muviri nekhibhodi iri pamunwe;
• fur chamber ine nhamba yakasiyana yebharini (mapeta).

Chigadzirwa chemukati chine chinhu chikuru - izwi rezwi, iro ndimi dzakabatanidzwa. Pane vaviri vacho. Imwe inodedera kana mimvuri yakavhurwa, imwe kana yakatsikirirwa. Ichi chimiro chemaoko harmonics chinobva pakuti kana mabhero akatambanudzwa uye akadzokera panzvimbo yawo yepakutanga, kutungamira kwemhepo kunoshanduka.

Harmonica ine chiyero che diatonic. Ichi ndicho chimwe chemisiyano mikuru kubva harmonica hama bayan uye accordion ine chromatic kana yakasanganiswa.

Basa reharmonica rakavakirwa pamusimboti weiyo lever keyboard mashini, sepiyano. Kana kiyi ichidzvinyirirwa, kuvhura kunoitika mudhishi, kuburikidza nemhepo inopinda mukamuri resonator, uko kune tsanga.

Chigadzirwa chacho chinonzi "manual" nokuti mutambi weaccordion anochibata mumaoko ake. Kuti zvive nyore, mabhanhire anonamatira kumuviri, izvo zvinokubvumira kuti uzviise pamapfudzi ako kana zviduku zviduku kuitira kuti zvive nyore kugadzirisa ruoko rwako kana muenzaniso uri muduku.

History

Germany inoonekwa senzvimbo yekuzvarwa kweiyo accordion. Muma20s ezana ramakore rechi 19, chiridzwa chekutanga chakagadzirwa naBerlin master Friedrich Buschmann. Chiridzwa chaakagadzira chakazozivikanwa se "harmonica". Asi kune shanduro dzaigona kunge dzakagadzirwa muEngland uye kunyange muSt.

Mutangiri we harmonica akanga ari harmonica. Iine nzira yakafanana yekugadzira inzwi.

Muma30-40s ezana ramakore rechiXNUMX, yekutanga harmonicas yakatanga kuoneka muRussia. Vakaunzwa nevagari vakapfuma kubva kunze kwenyika. Panguva imwecheteyo, kugadzirwa kwemaoko nemhizha dzeRussia kwakatanga mudunhu reTula.

Tula handcraftsmen inonzi yekutanga uye huru harmonica vagadziri. Vakagadzira mudziyo wakareruka nemutsara mumwe wemabhatani kurudyi nekuruboshwe.

Aya aive emhando dzemutsara mumwe, asi mushure memakore mashoma, "mitsara miviri" yakaonekwa. Asi dzakanga dzine chipingamupinyi chikuru mukuperekedza kuduku, naizvozvo kutsinhirana kwenziyo dzechiRussia kwakamonyaniswa. Iyo Saratov, Livny modhi uye "wreath" yave yakanyanya kufambira mberi.

Types

Munhoroondo yekuvandudzwa kweaccordion, marudzi akasiyana-siyana akamuka ane nhamba yakasiyana yekiyi uye masters, saizi, uye chimiro chematare. Ivo havafanirwe kuvhiringidzwa nebhatani accordion uye accordion, sezvo magadzirirwo aya aine maitiro akasiyana. Musiyano uri pachena pakati peaccordion, accordion uye bhatani accordion iri muhukuru uye nhamba yeoctaves, iyo yekupedzisira ine akawanda awo. Chikero chakawedzerwa che "hama" huru ndemumwe musiyano.

Zvinoenderana nerudzi rwekuburitsa ruzha, zvimiro zvakakamurwa kuva marudzi maviri:

• Kana bhatani richidzvanywa, ruzha rwehurefu hwakafanana hunotorwa - khromka, "livenka", "Russian wreath".
• Inzwi rinoenderana negwara rekufamba kwefurs - "turtle", "Tula", Vyatka accordion.

Zita rakapiwa zvichienderana nenzvimbo yekwakabva chiridzwa chacho.

Imwe kunze inogona kunzi midziyo inonzi "turtles". Aya madiki madiki harmonicas anotengeswa muCherepovets, ayo akagadzirwa kuti afadze vana, uye akazove akakurumbira nevatambi vemazuva ano harmonica uye maartist.

Mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa:

• Yelets piano harmonica - yakagadzirirwa muguta reYelets. Kubudirira kwatenzi Ilyin kwakasiyaniswa nekuti yaive nehurongwa hwekiyi, sepiyano uye huwandu hwemaoctave maviri nehafu.
• Livenskaya - musiyano mukuru muhuwandu hwevarume vanogadzira kamuri refu refu.
• Saratovskaya - kune mabhero mukugadzira.
• Cherepovets - ine hukuru hudiki, uye mabhatani ebhodhi mabhatani anowanikwa pamuviri.
• Kirillovskaya accordion - yakagadzirwa munharaunda yeVologda, compact, lightweight, asi ine ruzha rwakasiyana-siyana.

Pakati pemamwe marudzi, inonyanya kupararira ndeye khromka - "mitsara miviri" kana imwe-mutsara weRussia harmonica. Uye marudzi akasiyana-siyana aiva neharmonicas yavo pachavo: marla-carmon pakati peMari, talyan harmun pakati peTatars, pshine pakati peAdygs, komuz pakati peDagestan.

Iyo accordion ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa uye yakapararira chiridzwa chevanhu vekuRussia. Harmonist anogara ari muenzi akakosha pane chero zororo, uye mimhanzi yake inofambidzana nemitambo yevanhu, inonzwika pakuungana kwevavakidzani, mazororo.