Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient |
Wilhelmine Schröder-Devrient
Wilhelmina Schroeder akaberekwa musi waDecember 6, 1804 muHamburg. Aive mwanasikana wemuimbi webaritone Friedrich Ludwig Schröder uye mutambi ane mukurumbira Sophia Bürger-Schröder.
Pazera apo vamwe vana vanopedza nguva vari mumitambo isina hanya, Wilhelmina akatodzidza rutivi rwakakomba rwoupenyu.
“Kubvira pazera ramakore mana,” anodaro, “ndaitofanira kushanda kuti ndiwane zvokudya zvangu. Ipapo boka rebhallet rakakurumbira Kobler rakadzungaira kuGermany; akasvikawo kuHamburg, kwaakanyatsobudirira. Amai vangu, vakagamuchira zvikuru, vakakweverwa neimwe pfungwa, pakarepo vakasarudza kundiita mutambi.
Mudzidzisi wangu wekutamba aiva muAfrica; Mwari vanoziva kuti akazopedzisira ava kuFrance sei, kuti akazopedzisira ava kuParis, ari mucorps de ballet; gare gare akatamira kuHamburg, kwaakapa zvidzidzo. Muchinda uyu, ainzi Lindau, akange asina kutsamwa chaiko, asi aikurumidza kushatirwa, akasimba, dzimwe nguva aine hutsinye…
Pazera remakore mashanu ndakanga ndatokwanisa kuita chikwata changu mune imwe Pas de chale uye mumutambo weChirungu wevafambisi vechikepe; Vakandipfekedza ngowani yegrey ine maribhoni ebhuruu, uye kutsoka dzangu vakaisa bhutsu dzine matanda. Pamusoro peiyi purogiramu yokutanga, ndinoyeuka bedzi kuti vateereri vakagamuchira nechido tsoko duku ine mano, mudzidzisi wangu aifara zvisingawanzoitiki, uye baba vangu vakanditakura kumba mumaoko avo. Amai vangu vakanga vandivimbisa kubva mangwanani kuti vaizondipa chidhori kana kuti kundirova, zvichienderana nokuti ndakapedza sei basa rangu; uye ndine chokwadi chokuti kutya kwakabatsira zvikuru kupfava uye kureruka kwenhengo dzangu dzoucheche; Ndaiziva kuti amai vangu vaisafarira zvekutamba.
Muna 1819, pazera ramakore gumi namashanu, Wilhelmina akaita debut yake mumutambo. Panguva ino, mhuri yake yakanga yatamira kuVienna, uye baba vake vakanga vashaya gore rakanga rapfuura. Mushure mekudzidza kwenguva refu pachikoro cheballet, akaita nekubudirira kukuru basa raAricia mu "Phaedra", Melitta mu "Sappho", Louise mu "Deceit and Love", Beatrice mu "Mwenga weMessina", Ophelia mu "Hamlet" . Panguva imwecheteyo, mano ake emimhanzi akaratidzwa zvakanyanya uye zvakajeka - inzwi rake rakava rakasimba uye rakanaka. Mushure mekudzidza nevadzidzisi veViennese D. Motsatti naJ. Radiga, Schroeder akachinja mutambo kuita opera gore rakatevera.
Debut yake yakaitika muna Ndira 20, 1821 munzvimbo yaPamina muMozart's The Magic Flute padanho reViennese Kärntnertorteatr. Mapepa emimhanzi emusi uyu airatidza kuti aipfuura mumwe nemumwe panyaya yekubvutwa, kupemberera kuuya kwemuimbi mutsva pachikuva.
Muna Kurume wegore rimwe chetero, akatamba chinzvimbo chaEmeline muThe Swiss Family, mwedzi wakatevera - Mary muGretry's Bluebeard, uye Freischutz paakatanga kuratidzwa muVienna, basa raAgatha rakapihwa Wilhelmina Schroeder.
Kuita kwechipiri kweFreischütz, musi waKurume 7, 1822, kwakapihwa pakubatsirwa kwaWilhelmina. Weber pachake akazviita, asi kufara kwevateveri vake kwakaita kuti kuita kwacho kuve kusingaite. Kane kane maestro akadanwa pachikuva, akadururwa nemaruva nenhetembo, uye pakupedzisira mucheka welaurel wakawanikwa patsoka dzake.
Wilhelmina-Agatha akagovera kukunda kwemanheru. Uyu ndiye blonde, chisikwa chiya chakachena, chakapfava chakarotwa nemunyori nedetembi; mwana iyeye ane mwero, anonyara anotya zviroto anorasika mukufungidzira, uye panguva ino, norudo nokutenda, akagadzirira kukunda masimba ose ehero. Weber akati, "Ndiye Agatha wekutanga munyika uye anopfuura zvese zvandaifunga kugadzira basa iri."
Mukurumbira chaiwo wemuimbi wechidiki akaunza kuita kwebasa raLeonora muBeethoven's "Fidelio" muna 1822. Beethoven akashamiswa zvikuru uye akaratidza kusafara, sei basa guru rakadaro ringapiwa kumwana akadaro.
Uye uku ndiko kuita… Schroeder – Leonora anounganidza simba rake ozvikanda pakati pemurume wake nebanga remhondi. Nguva inotyisa yasvika. Ochestra yakanyarara. Asi mweya wokupererwa nezano wakamubata: nenzwi guru uye zvakajeka, kupfuura kuchema, anobuda maari: “Uraya mukadzi wake kutanga!” NaWilhelmina, uku ndiko kutaura chaiko kuchema kwomurume akasunungurwa pakutya kunotyisa, ruzha rwakazunungusa vateereri kusvikira mwongo wemapfupa avo. Ndipo apo Leonora, kuminyengetero yaFlorestan: “Mudzimai wangu, chii chawatambura nokuda kwangu!” - kana nemisodzi, kana nemufaro, anoti kwaari: "Hapana, hapana, hapana!" - uye anowira mumaoko emurume wake - ipapo chete sekunge uremu hwakadonha kubva pamwoyo yevaoni uye munhu wese akagomera akasununguka. Pakaombera maoko zvairatidza kuti hazvaipera. Mutevedzeri akamuwana Fidelio, uye kunyange zvazvo akazoshanda nesimba uye zvakakomba pairi basa, zvinhu zvikuru zvebasa racho zvakaramba zvakafanana sezvazvakasikwa zvisingazivikanwi manheru iwayo. Beethoven akawanawo Leonora wake maari. Zvechokwadi, aisagona kunzwa inzwi rake, uye chete kubva pachitarisiko chechiso, kubva pane zvakaratidzwa pachiso chake, mumaziso ake, aigona kutonga kushanda kwebasa racho. Mushure mekuita, akaenda kwaari. Maziso ake aiwanzova nehasha akamutarisa. Akamubhabhadzira padama, akatenda Fidelio, uye akavimbisa kumunyorera opera itsva, vimbiso iyo, zvinosuruvarisa, haina kuzadzikiswa. Wilhelmina haana kuzombosangana nemuimbi mukuru, asi pakati pekurumbidza kwese uko muimbi ane mukurumbira akadururwa gare gare, mazwi mashoma aBeethoven aive mubairo wake wepamusoro.
Nokukurumidza Wilhelmina akasangana mutambi Karl Devrient. Mumwe murume akanaka aiva netsika dzinokwezva akabva atora mwoyo wake. Kuroorana nemunhu waunoda ihope yaaishuvira, uye muzhizha ra1823 muchato wavo wakaitika muBerlin. Pashure pokunge vafamba kwenguva yakati muGermany, vakaroorana vane unyanzvi vakagara muDresden, uko vose vakanga vavimbisana kuroorana.
Muchato wacho wakanga usingafadzi munzira dzose, uye varoorani vacho vakarambana pamutemo muna 1828. “Ndaida rusununguko,” akadaro Wilhelmina, “kuti ndirege kufa somukadzi nenyanzvi yemifananidzo.
Rusununguko urwu rwakaita kuti ape zvakawanda. Wilhelmina aifanira kuparadzana nevana vaaida zvikuru. Kuchengeta vana - ane vanakomana vaviri nevanasikana vaviri - akarasikirwawo.
Mushure mekurambana nemurume wake, Schroeder-Devrient aive nenguva yakaoma uye yakaoma. Art yaive uye yakaramba iri kwaari kusvika kumagumo chinhu chinoera. Kusika kwake kwakanga kusingachatsamiri pakufemerwa chete: kushanda nesimba nesainzi zvakasimbisa hunyanzvi hwake. Akadzidza kudhirowa, kuveza, aiziva mitauro yakawanda, akatevera zvose zvakaitwa nesayenzi uye unyanzvi. Akapandukira akatsamwa pfungwa isina musoro yekuti tarenda haridi sainzi.
“Kwezana rose remakore,” akadaro, “tave tichitsvaka, tichiwana chimwe chinhu mune zvokudhirowa, uye nyanzvi iyoyo yakaparara, yakafira unyanzvi, anofunga kuti chinangwa chake chaitwa. Ehe, zviri nyore kwazvo, pamwe chete nechipfeko, kuisa parutivi zvese zvinonetsa nezve basa rako kusvika kunotevera kuita. Kwandiri zvaisaita. Mushure mekuombera kukuru, kugezeswa nemaruva, ndaiwanzoenda kukamuri yangu, sekunge ndichizviongorora: ndaitei nhasi? Zvose zvakaratidzika zvakaipa kwandiri; kufunganya kwakandibata; masikati nousiku ndaifungisisa kuti ndiwane zvakanakisisa.
Kubva 1823 kusvika 1847, Schröder-Devrient akaimba paDresden Court Theatre. Clara Glumer anonyora mumanotsi ake, kuti: “Upenyu hwake hwose hwaingova kufora kworukundo nomumaguta eGermany. Leipzig, Vienna, Breslau, Munich, Hanover, Braunschweig, Nuremberg, Prague, Pest, uye kazhinji Dresden, alternately kupemberera kusvika kwake uye kuonekwa pamatanho avo, kuitira kuti kubva kuGungwa reGermany kusvika kuAlps, kubva kuRhine kusvika kuOder, zita rake rakanzwika, rakadzokororwa nemhomho yaifarira. Serenade, maruva, nhetembo, mapoka uye kuombera zvakakwazisa uye zvakabva kwaari, uye mhemberero idzi dzese dzakabata Wilhelmina nenzira imwechete iyo mukurumbira unobata muiti wechokwadi: vakamumanikidza kukwira kumusoro nepamusoro muhunyanzvi hwake! Munguva iyi, akasika mamwe emabasa ake akanakisisa: Desdemona muna 1831, Romeo muna 1833, Norma muna 1835, Valentine muna 1838. Pamwe chete, kubva muna 1828 kusvika muna 1838, akadzidza makumi matatu nemanomwe matsva.
Mutambi wacho aidada nekuzivikanwa kwake pakati pevanhu. Vashandiwo zvavo vakabvisa ngowani dzavo pavakasangana naye, uye vatengesi pavakamuona vakasundana vachimudaidza nezita. Apo Wilhelmina akanga odokubuda chose chose, muvezi wehoro yemitambo namaune akaunza mwanasikana wake ane makore mashanu okukura kurovedzo: “Nyatsotarira mukadzi uyu,” akadaro kuduku, “uyu ndiSchroeder-Devrient. Usatarise vamwe, asi edza kurangarira iyi kwehupenyu hwako hwese.
Zvisinei, kwete Germany chete akakwanisa kuonga tarenda muimbi. Muchirimo cha1830, Wilhelmina akavimbisana kuParis kwemwedzi miviri nemutungamiriri weItaly Opera, iyo yakaraira boka reGerman kubva kuAachen. “Handina kungoenda nokuda kwembiri yangu bedzi, kwakanga kuri pamusoro pokukudzwa kwenziyo dzeGermany,” iye akanyora kudaro, “kana usingandidi, Mozart, Beethoven, Weber anofanira kutambura naikoku! Ndizvo zviri kundiuraya!”
Musi waChivabvu XNUMX, muimbi wacho akamuita debut saAgatha. Imba yemitambo yakanga yakazara. Vateereri vakanga vakamirira mitambo yemuimbi, uyo ane runako rwakaudzwa nezvishamiso. Pachitarisiko chake, Wilhelmina ainyara zvikuru, asi pashure pemutambo naAnkhen, kuombera maoko kukuru kwakamukurudzira. Gare gare, kufarira kwedutu kwevoruzhinji kwakasimba kwazvo zvokuti muimbi akatanga kuimba kane uye aisagona, nokuti orchestra yaisanzwika. Pakupera kwechiito, akadururwa nemaruva mupfungwa izere yeshoko, uye manheru mamwe chete iwo serenade yake - Paris akaziva muimbi.
"Fidelio" akatowedzera kunzwa. Vatsoropodzi vakataura nezvake seizvi: “Akazvarirwa Fidelio yaBeethoven; haaimbi sevamwe, haatauri sevamwe, kuita kwake hakukodzeri zvachose chero unyanzvi, sekuti haatombofungi nezvaari pachikuva! Anoimba nemweya wake zvakanyanya kupfuura nezwi rake… anokanganwa vateereri, azvikanganwa, achipinda mumunhu waanoratidza…” Maonero acho aive akasimba zvekuti pakupera kwe opera vaifanira kusimudza keteni zvakare uye kudzokorora yekupedzisira. , zvakanga zvisati zvaitika.
Fidelio akateverwa naEuryant, Oberon, The Swiss Family, The Vestal Virgin uye The Abduction kubva kuSeraglio. Pasinei nokubudirira kwaiita, Wilhelmina akati: “Makanga muri muFrance chete ndimo mandainyatsonzwisisa kukosha kwemimhanzi yedu, uye pasinei nokuti maFrench akandigamuchira noruzha sei, nguva dzose zvainyanya kundifadza kugamuchira ruzhinji rweGermany, ndaiziva. kuti akandinzwisisa, nepo fashoni yechiFrench ichiuya pekutanga.
Gore rakatevera, muimbi zvakare akaita muguta guru France panguva Italian Opera. Mukukwikwidza neakakurumbira Malibran, akaonekwa seakaenzana.
Kubatanidzwa kuItaly Opera kwakabatsira zvikuru mukurumbira wake. Monck-Mazon, mutungamiriri weGerman-Italian Opera muLondon, akapinda munhaurirano naye uye musi waKurume 3, 1832, vakabatikana kwemwaka wese wegore iroro. Pasi pechibvumirano, akavimbiswa zviuru makumi maviri zvemafranc uye kuita bhenefiti mumwedzi miviri.
MuLondon, aitarisirwa kubudirira, izvo zvakaenzana chete nekubudirira kwePaganini. Muimba yemitambo akakwaziswa uye akaperekedzwa nokuombera. Vakuru vechiRungu vaiona sebasa ravo kune unyanzvi kumuteerera. Hapana konzati yaikwanisika pasina muimbi weGermany. Zvisinei, Schroeder-Devrient akanga achitsoropodza zviratidzo zvose izvi zvengwariro: “Mukati memutambo, ndakanga ndisingazivi kuti vaindinzwisisa,” akanyora kudaro, “ruzhinji rwevoruzhinji rwakangoshamiswa neni sechimwe chinhu chisina kujairika: nokuda kwenzanga, ini. chaive chisiri chinhu kunze kwetoyi yave mufashoni uye mangwana, pamwe, ichasiiwa ... "
Muna May 1833, Schroeder-Devrient akaenda zvakare kuEngland, kunyange zvazvo gore rapfuura akanga asina kugamuchira muhoro wake akabvumirana muchibvumirano. Panguva ino akasaina chibvumirano nenhandare "Drury Lane". Aifanira kuimba kanokwana makumi maviri neshanu, kugamuchira mapaundi makumi mana ekuita uye kubatsirwa. Repertoire yaisanganisira: "Fidelio", "Freischütz", "Eurianta", "Oberon", "Iphigenia", "Vestalka", "Magic Flute", "Jessonda", "Templar uye Jewess", "Bluebeard", "Mutakuri wemvura. “.
Muna 1837, muimbi wacho akanga ari muLondon kechitatu, achiita zveChirungu opera, mumitambo miviri - Covent Garden uye Drury Lane. Aifanira kutanga muna Fidelio muchiRungu; nhau iyi yakamutsa kuda kuziva kukuru kwechiRungu. Mutambi mumaminitsi ekutanga haana kukwanisa kukunda kunyadziswa. Mumashoko ekutanga anotaurwa naFidelio, ane chirevo chekune imwe nyika, asi paakatanga kuimba, mataurirwo akawedzera kuva nechivimbo, chakarurama. Zuva rakatevera, mapepa akazivisa pamwe chete kuti Schroeder-Devrient akanga asati amboimba zvinofadza sezvaaiva akaita gore rino. “Akakunda zvinetso zvomutauro,” ivo vakawedzera, “uye akaratidza pasina mubvunzo kuti mutauro wechiNgezi mueuphony wakakwirira kupfuura chiGerman sezvakaitawo wokuItaly mukuru kune Chirungu.”
Fidelio akateverwa naVestal, Norma naRomeo - kubudirira kukuru. Iyo yepamusoro yaive yekutamba muLa sonnambula, opera yaiita seyakagadzirirwa iyo isingakanganwiki Malibran. Asi Amina Wilhelmina, nenhoroondo dzese, akadarika vese vakamutangira murunako, kudziya uye chokwadi.
Kubudirira akaperekedza muimbi mune ramangwana. Schröder-Devrient akava mutambi wekutanga wezvikamu zveAdriano muWagner's Rienzi (1842), Senta muThe Flying Dutchman (1843), Venus muTannhäuser (1845).
Kubva 1847, Schroeder-Devrient akaita semuimbi wekamuri: akatenderera mumaguta eItaly, muParis, London, Prague, uye St. Muna 1849, muimbi wacho akadzingwa kubva kuDresden nokuda kwekutora chikamu muMay Uprising.
Muna 1856 ndipo paakatanga zvakare kuita pachena semuimbi wekamuri. Inzwi rake ipapo rakanga risisina zvachose, asi kuita kwacho kwainge kuchiri kusiyaniswa nekuchena kweizwi, diction rakasiyana, uye kudzika kwekupinda mukati mechimiro chemifananidzo yakagadzirwa.
Kubva pane zvinyorwa zvaClara Glumer:
“Muna 1849, ndakasangana naMai Schröder-Devrient paChechi yeSt. Mushure memusangano uyu handina kumuona kwenguva refu; Ndaiziva kuti mutambi wacho akanga asiya nhandare, kuti akanga aroora mumwe murume anokudzwa kubva kuLivland, Herr von Bock, uye aigara zvino pazvivakwa zvemurume wake, zvino muParis, zvino muBerlin. Muna 1858 akasvika kuDresden, uko kwenguva yokutanga ndakamuona zvakare mukonzati yemuimbi wechidiki: akazviratidza pamberi pevanhu kekutanga mushure memakore akawanda ekunyarara. Handifi ndakakanganwa nguva apo chitarisiko chakareba, chinoshamisira chemuimbi chakaoneka pachikuva, chakasangana nokuombera maoko kwaibva kuvanhu; akabatwa, asi achiri kunyemwerera, akatenda, akatura befu, sokunge ainwa murukova rwoupenyu pashure pokushayiwa kwenguva refu, uye pakupedzisira akatanga kuimba.
Akatanga naSchubert's Wanderer. Pamanotsi ekutanga ndakatya ndisingadi: haachakwanisa kuimba, ndakafunga, izwi rake harina simba, hapana kuzara kana ruzha. Asi haana kusvika pamashoko anoti: “Und immer fragt der Seufzer wo?” ("Uye anogara achikumbira kugomera - kupi?"), Sezvo atotora vateereri, akavakwevera pamwe chete, achivamanikidza kuti vabve pakushuva uye kuora mwoyo kuenda kune mufaro werudo uye chitubu. Lessing anotaura nezvaRaphael kuti “dai akanga asina maoko, angadai achiri mupendi mukurusa”; nenzira imwechete inogona kutaurwa kuti Wilhelmina Schroeder-Devrient angadai ari muimbi mukuru kunyange pasina izwi rake. Kukwezva kwemweya uye chokwadi chaive nesimba mukuimba kwake zvekuti isu, chokwadi, taisafanira kudaro, uye hatizofanira kunzwa chero chinhu chakadaro!
Muimbi akafa musi waJanuary 26, 1860 muCoburg.
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