Zurab Lavrentievich Sotkilava |

Zurab Sotkilava

Zita remuimbi nhasi rinozivikanwa kune vose vanoda opera munyika yedu uye kunze kwenyika, kwaanoshanyira nekubudirira nguva dzose. Vanotorwa mwoyo nerunako nesimba rezwi, hunhu hwakanaka, unyanzvi hwepamusoro, uye zvinotokosha zvikuru, kuzvipira kwemirangariro kunoperekedza kuita kumwe nokumwe kwemuimbi munhandare yemitambo uye pachikuva chekonzati.

Zurab Lavrentievich Sotkilava akaberekwa musi waMarch 12, 1937 muSukhumi. "Kutanga, ndinofanira kutaura nezvemajini: ambuya naamai vangu vairidza gitare uye vakaimba zvakanaka," anodaro Sotkilava. - Ndinoyeuka vakagara mumugwagwa pedyo neimba, vakaimba nziyo dzekare dzeGeorgia, uye ndakaimba pamwe chete navo. Handina kumbofunga nezvebasa ripi neripi rokuimba panguva iyoyo kana kuti gare gare. Sezvineiwo, makore akawanda gare gare, baba vangu, avo vasinganzwi zvachose, vakatsigira nhamburiko dzangu dzokuvhiya, uye amai vangu, avo vane ruzha rwakakwana, vaishora zvikuru.

Uye zvakadaro, muhuduku, rudo rukuru rwaZurab rwakanga rusiri kuimba, asi bhora. Nokufamba kwenguva, akaratidza mano akanaka. Akapinda muSukhumi Dynamo, apo pazera remakore 16 aionekwa senyeredzi inokura. Sotkilava akatamba panzvimbo yewingback, akapinda mukurwisa zvakanyanya uye akabudirira, achimhanya mamita zana mumasekondi 11!

Muna 1956, Zurab akava kaputeni wechikwata chenyika yeGeorgia pazera remakore 20. Makore maviri gare gare, akapinda muboka guru reDynamo Tbilisi. Chinonyanya kukanganwika cheSotkilava chaiva mutambo neDynamo Moscow.

"Ndinodada kuti ndakaenda kunhandare kurwisa Lev Yashin pachake," anoyeuka kudaro Sotkilava. - Takasvika pakuziva Lev Ivanovich zviri nani, kare pandakanga ndiri muimbi uye ndakanga ndiri shamwari naNikolai Nikolaevich Ozerov. Tose takaenda kuchipatara kuYashin kuchipatara mushure mekuvhiyiwa ... Ndichishandisa muenzaniso wemubati wepagedhi, ndakagutsikana zvakare kuti kana munhu achinge awana zvakawanda muhupenyu, anowedzera kuzvininipisa. Uye isu takarasikirwa nemutambo iwoyo nezvibodzwa zve1:3.

Nenzira, uyu waive mutambo wangu wekupedzisira weDynamo. Mune imwe yebvunzurudzo, ndakati kumberi kweMuscovites Urin akandiita muimbi, uye vanhu vazhinji vakafunga kuti akandiremara. Kwete! Akangondikurira. Asi yakanga iri hafu yedambudziko. Pasina nguva takaenda kuYugoslavia nendege, kwandakatyoka ndokusiya chikwata chacho. Muna 1959 akaedza kudzoka. Asi rwendo rwekuCzechoslovakia rwakazogumisa basa rangu renhabvu. Ikoko ndakakuvadzwa zvakakomba, uye pashure penguva yakati ndakadzingwa ...

… Muna 58, pandakatamba muDinamo Tbilisi, ndakauya kumba kuSukhumi kwevhiki. Pane imwe nguva, mutambi wepiyano Valeria Razumovskaya, aigara achiyemura inzwi rangu uye aitaura kuti ndaizova ani, akashora vabereki vangu. Panguva iyoyo handina kuisa kukosha kumashoko ake, asi zvakadaro ndakabvuma kuuya kune mumwe purofesa anoshanya wepanzvimbo yekugara kubva kuTbilisi kuzoongororwa. Inzwi rangu harina kunyanya kumubata. Uye pano, fungidzira, nhabvu zvakare yakaita basa rakasimba! Panguva iyoyo, Meskhi, Metreveli, Barkaya vakanga vatopenya paDynamo, uye zvakanga zvisingabviri kuwana tikiti kunhandare. Saka, pakutanga, ndakava mutengesi wetikiti kune purofesa: akauya kuzovatora paDynamo base muDigomi. Mukuonga, purofesa akandikoka kumba kwake, takatanga kudzidza. Uye kamwe kamwe anondiudza kuti muzvidzidzo zvishoma chete ndafambira mberi zvikuru uye ndine ramangwana rakanaka!

Asi kunyange zvakadaro, tarisiro yacho yakaita kuti ndiseke. Ndakanyatsofunga zvekuimba mushure mekunge ndadzingwa kuDynamo. Purofesa wacho akanditeerera ndokuti: “Eya, rega kusvibiswa mumadhaka, ngatiite basa rakachena.” Uye gore rakatevera, muna Chikunguru 60, ndakatanga kudzivirira dhipuroma rangu paMining Faculty yeTbilisi Polytechnic Institute, uye zuva rakatevera ndakanga ndava kutonyora bvunzo panzvimbo inochengeterwa zvinhu. Uye yakagamuchirwa. Nenzira, takadzidza panguva imwe chete saNodar Akhalkatsi, uyo akasarudza Institute of Railway Transport. Takava nehondo dzakadai mumakwikwi enhabvu zvekuti nhandare yevaoni zviuru makumi maviri neshanu yakanga yakazara!”

Sotkilava akauya kuTbilisi Conservatory sebharitone, asi nokukurumidza Purofesa D.Ya. Andguladze akagadzirisa chikanganiso, hongu, mudzidzi mutsva ane yakanakisa lyric-dramatic tenor. Muna 1965, muimbi wechidiki akaita dambarefu rake padanho reTbilisi seCavaradossi muPuccini's Tosca. Kubudirira kwakapfuura zvose zvinotarisirwa. Zurab yakaitwa paGeorgian State Opera neBallet Theatre kubva muna 1965 kusvika muna 1974. Tarenda yemuimbi anovimbisa pamba yakatsvakwa kuti itsigirwe uye ivandudzwe, uye muna 1966 Sotkilava akatumirwa kune internship kune yakakurumbira Milan theatre La Scala.

Ikoko akadzidzira nenyanzvi dzebel canto. Akashanda asinganeti, uye shure kwezvose, musoro wake ungadai wakatenderera pashure pemashoko omukurumbira Genarro Barra, uyo ipapo akanyora, kuti: “Inzwi duku raZurab rakandiyeuchidza nezvenguva dzakapfuura.” Yakanga iri nguva dzeE. Caruso, B. Gigli nevamwe varoyi vechiitiko cheItaly.

MuItaly, muimbi akavandudza kwemakore maviri, mushure mokunge atora chikamu mumutambo wevaimbi vechidiki "Golden Orpheus". Kuita kwake kwakakunda: Sotkilava akakunda mubairo mukuru wemutambo weBulgaria. Makore maviri gare gare - kubudirira kutsva, panguva ino pane imwe yemakwikwi anokosha epasi rose - anonzi PI Tchaikovsky muMoscow: Sotkilava akapiwa mubairo wechipiri.

Mushure mekukunda kutsva, muna 1970, - Mubairo wekutanga uye Grand Prix paF. Viñas International Vocal Competition muBarcelona - David Andguladze akati: "Zurab Sotkilava muimbi ane chipo, ane mimhanzi yakawanda, izwi rake, retimbre yakanaka kwazvo, anoita. haisiyi muteereri asina hanya. Muimbi wezwi nemanzwiro uye zvakajeka anoburitsa chimiro chemabasa akaitwa, anoburitsa zvizere chinangwa chemunyori. Uye chinhu chinonyanya kushamisa cheunhu hwake kushingaira, chido chekunzwisisa zvose zvakavanzika zveunyanzvi. Anodzidza zuva rega rega, tine "chirongwa chezvidzidzo" chakafanana semumakore ake emudzidzi.

Musi waDecember 30, 1973, Sotkilava akaita debut yake pachikuva cheBolshoi Theater saJose.

“Pakungotarira,” anoyeuka kudaro, “zvingaita sokuti ndakakurumidza kujairana neMoscow uye kupinda nyore nyore muboka reBolshoi Opera. Asi handizvo. Pakutanga zvakanga zvakandiomera, uye ndinoonga zvikuru vanhu vaiva pedyo neni panguva iyoyo. Uye Sotkilava anotumidza mutungamiriri G. Pankov, muimbi wekonti L. Mogilevskaya uye, zvechokwadi, vashandi vake mumitambo.

Iyo yekutanga yeVerdi's Otello paBolshoi Theatre yaive chiitiko chinoshamisa, uye Sotkilava's Otello yaive chizaruro.

"Kushanda pachikamu cheOthello," akadaro Sotkilava, "zvakandizarurira mitsva mitsva, zvakandimanikidza kuti ndifunge zvakare zvakawanda zvakaitwa, zvakabereka mamwe maitiro ekugadzira. Basa reOthello ndiro nhongonya iyo munhu anogona kuona zvakajeka, kunyange zvazvo zvakaoma kusvika pairi. Ikozvino, kana pasina kudzika kwemunhu, kuomarara kwepfungwa mune ichi kana icho chifananidzo chinopihwa nechibodzwa, hazvinakidze kwandiri. Chii chiri mufaro wenyanzvi? Zviparadze iwe, tsinga dzako, shandisa pakupfeka uye kubvarura, kwete kufunga nezve inotevera kuita. Asi basa rinofanira kuita kuti iwe ude kuzviparadza saizvozvo, nekuda kweizvi unoda mabasa makuru anonakidza kugadzirisa ... "

Imwe budiriro yakatanhamara yemuimbi yaive basa raTuriddu muMascagni's Rural Honor. Kutanga pamutambo wekonzati, ipapo paBolshoi Theatre, Sotkilava akawana simba guru rekutaura kwekufananidzira. Achitaura nezveiri basa, muimbi wacho anosimbisa kuti: “Nyika Honor i verist opera, opera ine simba guru rezvido. Zvinokwanisika kuendesa izvi mumutambo wekonzati, izvo, zvechokwadi, hazvifaniri kuderedzwa kusvika kusinganzwisisiki kugadzira mimhanzi kubva mubhuku rine zvinyorwa zvemimhanzi. Chinhu chikuru ndechekutarisira kuwana rusununguko rwemukati, izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kune muimbi pane opera nhanho uye padanho rekonzati. Mumhanzi weMascagni, mune yake opera ensembles, kune akawanda anodzokororwa emazwi akafanana. Uye pano zvakakosha zvikuru kuti muiti ayeuke njodzi ye monotony. Kudzokorora, semuenzaniso, izwi rimwe chete uye rimwe chete, iwe unofanirwa kuwana iyo yepasi pekufunga kwemimhanzi, kupenya, kupenya zvakasiyana-siyana semantic zvinoreva izwi iri. Iko hakuna chikonzero chekuzvipinza iwe pachako uye hazvizivikanwe yekutamba. Kuwedzera kusiririsa kwechido muRural Honor kunofanirwa kuve kwakachena uye kwechokwadi. "

Simba reunyanzvi hwaZurab Sotkilava nderekuti rinogara richiunza vanhu kuchena kwechokwadi kwekunzwa. Ichi ndicho chakavanzika chekuenderera mberi kwake kubudirira. Kushanya kwemuimbi uyu kune dzimwe nyika kwakangodarowo.

"Rimwe remanzwi akanaka kwazvo aripo chero kupi nhasi." Aya ndiwo mapinduriro akaita muongorori pakuita kwaZurab Sotkilava paChamps-Elysées Theatre muParis. Uku kwaive kutanga kwerwendo rwekunze rwemuimbi anoshamisa weSoviet. Kutevera "kuvhunduka kwekuwanikwa" kwakateverwa nekukunda kutsva - kubudirira kwakanaka muUnited States uyezve muItari, muMilan. Kukosheswa kwemapepanhau okuAmerica kwaifadzawo: “Inzwi guru rokudzikama kwakanakisisa norunako mumarejisita ose. Hunyanzvi hweSotkilava hunobva pamwoyo chaipo. "

Rwendo rwa1978 rwakaita kuti muimbi uyu ave nemukurumbira ane mukurumbira pasi rose - kukoka kwakawanda kuti atore chikamu mumitambo, makonzati, uye zvakarekodhwa zvakateverwa ...

Muna 1979, unyanzvi hwake akapiwa mubayiro mukuru - zita rePeople's Artist of the USSR.

"Zurab Sotkilava ndiye muridzi wetenor yekunaka kusingawanzo, kupenya, sonorous, ane brilliant kumusoro zvinyorwa uye yakasimba yepakati rejista," anonyora S. Savanko. “Manzwi ehukuru uhu haawanike. Yakanakisa data yechisikigo yakagadziridzwa uye yakasimbiswa nechikoro chehunyanzvi, icho muimbi akapfuura munyika yake uye muMilan. Kuita kwaSotkilava kunodzorwa nezviratidzo zvechinyakare Italian bel canto, iyo inonyanya kunzwiwa mune muimbi opera chiitiko. Mhedzisiro yedariro rake repertoire ndeye lyrical uye inoshamisa mabasa: Othello, Radamès (Aida), Manrico (Il trovatore), Richard (Un ballo mu maschera), José (Carmen), Cavaradossi (Tosca). Anoimbawo Vaudemont muTchaikovsky's Iolanthe, uyewo muGeorgian operas - Abesalom muTbilisi Opera Theatre's Abesalom uye Eteri naZ. Paliashvili naArzakan muO. Taktakishvili's The Abduction of the Moon. Sotkilava anonzwa zvinyoro-nyoro izvo zvakananga zvechikamu chimwe nechimwe, hazvina kuitika kuti hupamhi hwemhando yestylistic inowanikwa muunyanzvi hwemuimbi yakacherechedzwa mumhinduro dzakakosha.

"Sotkilava is classic hero-lover yeItaly opera," anodaro E. Dorozhkin. – All G. – pachena wake: Giuseppe Verdi, Giacomo Puccini. Zvisinei, pane imwe inokosha "asi". Pakati peseti inodiwa pamufananidzo wemunhukadzi, Sotkilava ane zvizere, semutungamiri weRussia ane shungu akacherechedza mumharidzo yake kune gamba remazuva iwayo, chete "izwi rakanaka zvinoshamisa" uye "hunyanzvi hwechisikigo." Kuti unakidzwe nerudo rumwechete rweruzhinji seAndzoletto yaGeorgesand (kureva, rudzi urwu rwerudo rwakakomberedza muimbi izvozvi), hunhu uhwu hahuna kukwana. Akachenjera Sotkilava, zvisinei, haana kutsvaka kuwana vamwe. Haana kutora nenhamba, asi nehunyanzvi. Achiregeredza zvachose mwenje unoramba kuzevezera kwehoro, akaimba Manrico, Duke naRadamès. Izvi, zvichida, ndicho chinhu chete chaakanga ari uye anoramba ari muGeorgia - kuita basa rake, zvisinei, kwete kwechipiri kusava nechokwadi kwake pachake.

Yekupedzisira bastion iyo Sotkilava akatora yaiva Mussorgsky's Boris Godunov. Sotkilava akaimba munyengeri - mukuru weRussia wevanhu vose veRussia muRussia opera - nenzira iyo vaimbi vane maziso ebhuruu blond, avo vakanyanyisa kutevera zvakanga zvichiitika kubva kumusana weguruva, havana kumborota kuimba. Mhedziso Timoshka yakabuda - uye chaizvoizvo, Grishka Otrepyev aiva Timoshka.

Sotkilava munhu wepanyika. Uye zvekunyika mupfungwa yakanakisa yeshoko. Kusiyana nevakawanda vaanoshanda navo mumusangano wehunyanzvi, muimbi anoremekedza nekuvapo kwete izvo chete zviitiko izvo zvinotevedzwa zvisingaite netafura yebuffet yakawanda, asiwo izvo zvakagadzirirwa vechokwadi connoisseurs yekunaka. Sotkilava anowana mari pachirongo chemuorivhi ane anchovies pachake. Uye mudzimai wemuimbi anobikawo zvinoshamisa.

Sotkilava anoita, kunyange zvisingawanzoitiki, pamutambo wekonzati. Pano repertoire yake ine kunyanya Russian uye Italian mumhanzi. Panguva imwecheteyo, muimbi anowanzo tarisa zvakanyanya pakamuri repertoire, pamashoko erudo, asingawanzo kutendeukira kumakonti emakonti ezvinyorwa zveopera, izvo zvinowanzoitika muzvirongwa zvezwi. Kusununguka kwepurasitiki, kuputika kwezvigadziriso zvinoshamisa zvinosanganiswa mukududzirwa kwaSotkilava nehukama hunokosha, lyrical warmth uye kupfava, izvo zvisingawanzoitiki mumuimbi ane inzwi guru rakadaro.

Kubva 1987, Sotkilava ave achidzidzisa kuimba ari oga kuMoscow State PI Tchaikovsky.

PS Zurab Sotkilava akafa muMoscow munaGunyana 18, 2017.