Ethnography musical |

Ethnography musical (kubva muchiGiriki ethnos - vanhu uye grapo - ndinonyora) - zvesayenzi. chirango, chitsvene kudzidza kwenziyo dzechinyakare. Inozivikanwa munyika dzakasiyana uye dzakasiyana. nguva dzenhoroondo pasi pemazita: ngano dzemimhanzi, mimhanzi. ethnology (munyika dzeGerman nemitauro yeSlavic), enzanisa. musicology (mune dzimwe nyika dzekuMadokero kweEurope), ethnomusicology (mumutauro weChirungu, iye zvino zvakare mune tsika dzekutaura chiFrench), uye ethnomusicology (muUSSR). Pakutanga, E. m. yakanga iri sainzi inotsanangura chete, inogadzirisa chaiyo. zvinhu zvemumhanzi wetsika yemuromo ye theoretical. uye tsvakurudzo yezvakaitika kare. Mune yekune dzimwe nyika sainzi yeEurope yezana ramakore rechi20, preim. Isati yasvika Hondo Yenyika II, general ethnography yakakamurwa mukudzidza kwekumusha kwevanhu vayo (German - Volkskunde; French - tsika populaire; Chirungu - folklore), iyo yakasimuka pahwaro hwekusimuka kwerusununguko rwenyika. kufamba muEurope pakutanga. 2th century; kuenzanisa kudzidza kwevatorwa, kazhinji kunowedzera-European, vanhu (German - Völkerkunde; French - ethnologie; Chirungu - social anthropology), iyo yakatanga pakati. Muzana remakore rechi19 maererano nekuwedzera kwekoloni yeEurope. state-in. E. m. yakatevera kupatsanurwa uku. Mune tsika yekutaura chiFrench, em - ethnomusicology. MuGermany, nhungamiro yakaoneka E. m., achifunda inonzi. prehistoric music, – Frühgeschichte der Musik (V. Viora).

Kare, masayendisiti mazhinji ebourgeois aitora ethnomusicology sesainzi nezvekunze kweEurope chete. mimhanzi tsika, iko zvino kune maitiro akananga kune ethnically yakakura kunzwisisa kwayo.

Mn. nyanzvi, uye pamusoro pezvose muUSSR, shandisa mazwi "E. m.”, “Mumhanzi. folkloristics", "ethnomusicology" seyakaenzana, zvichienderana nekuti E. m., senge chero sainzi, inopera. matanho, anofarira zvakasiyana. tekinoroji uye ine zvakasiyana. industry specialization. MuUSSR, izwi rokuti "muz. folkloristics ", panguva imwecheteyo, izwi rokuti "ethnomusicology", rakaumbwa kubva pashoko rokuti "ethnomusicology", rakaunzwa muna 1950 naJ. Kunst (Netherlands) uye richiva rakapararira kuvonga kuAmer. tsika.

E. m. chikamu chezvese musicology, asi iri panguva imwe chete. yakabatana neruzhinji ethnography, folklore, sociology. Nyaya yeE.m. ndeyechivanhu. mhuri (uye pamusoro pezvose, ngano) mimhanzi. tsika. pamatanho akasiyana enzanga. Budiriro aive dec. basa. Zvinokosha kuti Nar. mimhanzi yekugadzira yakasiyana. madzinza nevanhu munhoroondo yavo yose, kusanganisira nguva yemazuva ano. maumbirwo emagariro evanhu, anoratidzirwa nemarudzi. specifics. E. m. zvidzidzo Nar. mimhanzi panguva imwe chete, kutanga, se "mutauro", kureva, seimwe nzira. mimhanzi-inotaura zvinoreva, mimhanzi-mutauro zvimiro, uye chechipiri - se "kutaura", ndiko kuti, seyakananga. kuita maitiro. Izvi zvinotsanangura kusaita kwechokwadi kutapurirana kweNar. mumhanzi musheet music chete.

Production Recording nar. mimhanzi ndiyo inonyanya kukosha nzvimbo yeE. m. "Chinyorwa chikuru uye chakavimbika kwazvo chenhoroondo yeNar. mimhanzi inoramba iri Nar. nziyo dzakarekodhwa nguva pfupi yadarika … Kurekodha Nar. rwiyo harisi basa rinongozviitikira: kurekodha panguva imwe cheteyo kunoratidza kuti munhu anonyora anonzwisisa sei chimiro chemutinhimira, mapenyerero aanozviita ... Mafungiro. pfungwa nehunyanzvi hazvigone asi kuratidzwa mune rekodhi "(KV Kvitka). Kurekodha, kugadzirisa sampuli dzengano kunoitika ch. arr. muchimiro chenzendo. shanda pakati pevagari vekumaruwa nemumaguta. Mimhanzi, yekutaura, yekurekodha inonzwika inoitwa neinotevera chinyorwa-notation (decoding), data nezvevatambi uye nhoroondo (yemagariro, dzinza uye tsika) yekugadziriswa uko idzi nziyo, matambiro, tunes zviripo zvakarekodhwa. Uye zvakare, iyo muses inoyerwa, yakadhirowewa uye kutorwa mifananidzo. zviridzwa zvinotorwa pamitambo yemafirimu. Paunenge uchigadzirisa tsika kana zvigadzirwa zvemitambo. rite rinoenderana uye vatori vechikamu vanotsanangurwa zvakadzama.

Mushure mekurekodha, zvinyorwa zvinogadziriswa, kuchengetedzwa kwayo kwekuchengetedza uye kadhi indexing mune imwe kana imwe inogamuchirwa system (nekufamba kwega, nekugara uye matunhu, vatambi uye vanoita mapoka, marudzi uye zvirongwa, mhando dzemimhanzi, modal uye rhythmic mafomu, nzira uye hunhu. ye performance). Mhedzisiro yesystematization kugadzira kwemakatalog ane analytical. zvakasikwa uye kubvumira kugadzirisa pakombuta. Sechibatanidza pakati pekugadzirisa, systematization uye kutsvagisa kweNar. mimhanzi ndeyemimhanzi-ethnographic. zvinyorwa - mimhanzi anthologies, redunhu, rudzi kana thematic. kuunganidzwa, monographs ine yakadzama certification, makomendi, yakawedzera sisitimu yema indexes, ikozvino ine ruzha rwakarekodhwa. Ethnographic marekodhi anoperekedzwa netsanangudzo, zvinyorwa zvemumhanzi, mifananidzo yemifananidzo uye mepu yedunhu rakasiyana. Mimhanzi uye ethnographic zvakapararirawo. mafirimu.

Music-ethnographic. zvidzidzo, zvakasiyana mumhando nezvinangwa, zvinosanganisira zvakakosha. kuongororwa kwemimhanzi (mimhanzi system, modes, rhythm, fomu, nezvimwewo). Vanoshandisawo nzira dzesainzi dzine hukama. nzvimbo (folkloristics, ethnography, aesthetics, sociology, psychology, versification, linguistics, nezvimwewo), uyewo nzira dzesainzi chaiyo (masvomhu, nhamba, acoustics) uye mepu.

E. m. inodzidza chidzidzo chayo maererano nedata rakanyorwa (zvinyorwa zvekutanga zvemimhanzi, humbowo husina kunanga hwekunyora uye tsananguro yevafambi, nhoroondo, nhoroondo, nezvimwewo), maererano nezvinyorwa zvekuchera matongo. matongo netsika dzakachengetedzwa. maturusi emimhanzi, kuona kwakananga uye nzendo. zvinyorwa. Kugadzirisa mimhanzi yetsika yemuromo mumasikirwo ayo. nharaunda yekugara ndeye ch. zvinhu E. m. Mazuvano. zvinyorwa zvinoita kuti zvikwanise kugadzirisa zvekare zvitaera zvemabunks. music.

Kwakabva E. m yakabatana naM. Montaigne (zana ramakore rechi 16), J. G. Russo uye ini. G. Herder (zana remakore rechi18). Background E. m sesainzi inodzokera kumabasa aF. G. Fetisa et al. (Zana ramakore rechi19). Muunganidzwa wekutanga wakabudiswa weNar. nziyo, sekutonga, hadzina kuteverwa nesainzi. zvinangwa. Dzakaunganidzwa nenyanzvi dzemadzinza, vanyori venhoroondo dzenzvimbo. Zvadaro kumashoko Nar. vanyori vakatendeukira kukugadzira, vachiedza kwete chete kuti vazive mimhanzi yekwavo, nezvimwewo. vanhu, asiwo kuishandura kuita zvigadzirwa zvavo. Vagadziri vakapa nzira. kubatsira mukusimudzira E. m., havana kungogadzira mabhangi chete. nziyo, asi zvakare kudziongorora: B. Bartok, 3. Kodály (Hungary), I. Kron (Finland), J. Tierso (France), D. Hristov (Bulgaria), R. Vaughan Williams (Great Britain). Nyanzvi dzakawanda dze19-20 mazana emakore. ainyanya kufarira ngano dzeko: M. A. Balakirev, N. A. Rimsky-Korsakov, P. Uye. Tchaikovsky A. TO. Lyadov nevamwe. (Russia), O. Kolberg (Poland), F. Kuhach (Yugoslavia), S. Sharp (UK), B. Stoin (Bulgaria). Nzvimbo yakakosha inogarwa nebasa raL. Cuba (Czech Republic), uyo akaunganidza mimhanzi. folklore pl. rumbidzai vanhu. Kutanga kwenhoroondo yeE. m masayendisiti anowanzo kuverengerwa panguva yekugadzirwa kwegiramufomu (1877). Muna 1890 mimhanzi yeAmer. MaIndia, mu2nd floor. 1890 marekodhi ekutanga ekurira akaitwa muEurope (muHungary neRussia). Muna 1884-85 A. J. Ellis akawana kuti vanhu vanoshandisa zvikero zvisingazivikanwi kune veEurope, uye vakaronga kuyera nguva pakati pematanho avo mumasendi - mazana emasemitone ane hasha. Nzvimbo huru dzephonogram dzakachengetwa dzakatangwa muVienna neBerlin. Pahwaro hwavo, zvesainzi. zvikoro E. m Kubva 1929 kwave kune nzvimbo yekuchengetera zvinhu. ngano muBucharest (Archives de la folklore de la Société des Compositeurs roumains), kubvira 1944 - Intern. archive et al. mimhanzi muGeneva (Archives internationales de musique populaire au Musée d'ethnographie de Geníve; zvose zvakagadzirwa nekamuri yakanaka. ice folklorist K. Brailoyu) uye Dhipatimendi reEthnomusicology paMuseum yeArt. arts and traditions muParis (Département d'ethnomusicologie du Musée national des Arts et Traditions populaires). Kubva 1947 Intern. kanzuru yemimhanzi yevanhu kuUNESCO - International Folk Music Council (IFMC), iyo ine nat. makomiti munyika dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi, anotsikisa zvakakosha. magazini "Journal of the IFMC" uye kubudisa bhuku regore "Yearbook yeIFMC" (kubvira 1969), muU.SA - Sosaiti yeEthnomusicology, iyo inobudisa magazini. "Ethnomusicology". MuYugoslavia, iyo Union of Folklorists Society (Savez udruzenja folklorista Jugoslavije) yakagadzirwa muna 1954. Work Archive about-va Shona. Nar Dance and Song (Chirungu Folk Dance and Song Society, London), Archives of the Museum of Man (Musée de l'Homme, Paris), Archives Nar. pesni Biblioteki kongresa (Archive of Folk song of the Library of Congress, Washington), Traditional Archive. Mimhanzi paIndiana University (Indiana University Archives of Traditional Music) uye Ethnomusicological. archive paYunivhesiti yeCalifornia, matura evamwe. anovava. un-tov, archive yeIntern. in-ta enzanisa. zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi (Archives yeInternational Institute yekuenzanisa zvidzidzo zvemimhanzi uye zvinyorwa, Zap. Berlin), nezvimwewo. Mukugadzirisa nzira yemazuva ano E. m ethnocentrism uye kutarisisa kune ethnically nhete zvinhu zvinokurirwa nemutengo wezvakakura kuenzanisa kwenhoroondo. tsvakurudzo. Methodist. kutsvaga kwakanangana nekumbundikira mimhanzi muunyanzvi hwayo hunochinja, hwekare. chaiyo - mutambi chaiye. Process. Tekinoroji yemazuva ano E. m inoshandisa nzira yakazara uye yakarongeka kumimhanzi. tsika, iyo inokutendera kuti udzidze Nar. mimhanzi mune yayo syncretic uye synthetic. kubatana nevamwe. zvikamu zvengano. Modern E. m anoona ngano seunyanzvi. Kukurukurirana (K. Chistov - USSR; D. Shtokman – GDR; D. Ben-Amos - USA, nezvimwewo); chikuru Kutariswa kunopihwa pakudzidza kwekuita kwake (kureva. Mr. nziyo dzeboka E. Clusen – Germany; t. Mr. mapoka maduku aBen-Amosi; t. Mr. mapoka madiki evanhu Sirovatki - Czechoslovakia). Maererano naT. Todorova (NRB), kureva orientation E. m pakudzidza kwengano seunyanzvi kunotungamira mukuumbwa kwaE. m

Mukuvandudzwa kweiyo pre-revolutionary AN Serov, VF Odoevsky, PP Sokalsky, Yu. N. Melgunov, AL Maslov, EE Lineva, SF Lyudkevich, FM Kolessa, Komitas, DI Arakishvili nevamwe. Pakati pemazizi ane mukurumbira. VM Belyaev, VS Vinogradov, E. Ya. Vitolin, U. Gadzhibekov, EV Gippius, BG Erzakovich, AV Zataevich, uye KV Kvitka, XS Kushnarev, LS Mukharinskaya, FA Rubtsov, XT Tampere, VA Uspensky, Ya. nar. mimhanzi tsika.

MuRussia, kuunganidzwa uye kudzidza kwaNar. Kusika kwemimhanzi kwakaiswa muMusical uye Ethnographic Commission uye ethnographic. dhipatimendi reRussia. Geographic nezve-va. Mushure meOct. marevolutions anogadzirwa: ethnographic. chikamu State. Institute of Music Sciences (1921, Moscow, yakashanda kusvika 1931), Leningrad. phonogram archive (1927, kubvira 1938 - paInstitute of Russian Literature yeAcademy of Sciences yeUSSR), hofisi yeNar. mimhanzi paMoscow. Conservatory (1936), chikamu chengano paInstitute of Technology, Music and Cinematography (1969, Leningrad), All-Union Commission yevanhu. mimhanzi paUSSR Committee yeUSSR, komisheni yemimhanzi uye folklore yeRSFSR Committee yeUSSR, nezvimwe.

Pakutanga. 1920s BV Asafiev, uyo ainzwisisa mimhanzi. matauriro chaiwo. contain. nzira yekukurukurirana kwakanaka, yakatsigira kudzidza nar. music art-va sehupenyu hwekugadzira. process. Akarayira fundo yengano “senziyo dzemhoteredzo yakati yenzanga, inoramba ichichinja maumbirwo ayo.” Kutanga zvinoreva. Mabasa aEV Evald (panziyo dzeBelarusian Polesie, 1934, 2nd ed. 1979) aiva kubudirira kweE. m. munzira iyi. Mazizi. E. m. inokura pahwaro hweMarxist-Leninist methodology. Mazizi. mimhanzi ethnographers vakawana nzira. kubudirira mukudzidza zvitayera zvemuno nehunyanzvi. hurongwa hwechinyakare. uye mazuvano nar. mimhanzi, mukushandiswa kwemumhanzi uye folklore data senzvimbo yekudzidza matambudziko ethnogenesis.

Kubudirira kwemazuva ano E. m. sesainzi inotungamira pakusikwa kwedzidziso itsva yehunyanzvi. kuvimbika kweNar. mimhanzi uye organic systemic vanhu. mimhanzi tsika.

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II Zemtsovsky