Formalism |
Aesthetic pfungwa inobva pakuzivikanwa kwekuzvimiririra zvinoreva chimiro muunyanzvi, kusununguka kwayo kubva kune pfungwa uye yekufananidzira zvinyorwa. F. inoramba kubatanidzwa kweunyanzvi nehuchokwadi uye inoiona semhando yakakosha yekuita zvemweya, iyo inowira kusvika pakusikwa kweunyanzvi hwekuzvimirira. zvimiro. Theoretical presentation ye formalistic concept mumhanzi yakanangana nerudo. aesthetics bhuku rakanyorwa naE. Hanslik "Pane Mumhanzi Wakanaka" ("Vom Musikalisch-Schönen", 1854). Hanslick akaita nharo kuti “mimhanzi ine nhevedzano yenzwi, mafomu asina mashoko kunze kwaiwo pachawo. Haana kuramba kuti mimhanzi inogona kumutsa mamwe manzwiro uye songaniro dzekufananidzira mumuteereri, asi akazviona sezviri pasi. Maonero aHanslik aive nezvaanoreva. pesvedzero pakuwedzera budiriro yeWestern-European. mimhanzi sainzi, iyo yakazviratidza, kunyanya, mukuganhurwa kwechinangwa chesainzi. kuongororwa kubva kune aesthetic. estimates. Kuzivikanwa kwehunyanzvi hwekunaka mumhanzi. kudai-ve, maererano naG. Adler, hazvigoneke nesainzi. ruzivo. Mumakore 60-70. Zana remakore rechi20 kuMadokero, izvo zvinonzi. nzira yekuongorora kwemaitiro, neKrom muses. chimiro chinotariswa kubva pakuona kwehurongwa hwehukama hwenhamba uye nekudaro chinoshanduka kuita chivakwa chisingaoneki, chisina chirevo chekutaura uye semantic. Izvi, zvisinei, hazvireve kuti chero ongororo yezvimiro zvega kana zvakajairwa zvimiro mapatani emimhanzi inowanikwa mukutsanangurwa. nhanho yenhoroondo yekukura kwayo, ndeye formalistic. Iyo inogona kunge isiri magumo pachayo uye inoshandira mabasa ehupamhi hwekunaka. uye tsika uye nhoroondo. order.
Iyo hypertrophy yemutemo wepamutemo inomuka mune zvehunyanzvi. kusika kazhinji munguva dzenhamo. Inosvika pamwero wakanyanyisa mune mamwe mafungu emazuva ano. avant-garde, iyo iyo nheyo huru ndeyekutsvaga kwekunze kwekunze. Chirevo chaicho hachigone kushaya zvemukati uye chinogumira kune yakarongeka "kutamba kwemanzwi".
Pfungwa yeF. dzimwe nguva yaidudzirwa zvakanyanya uye ichizivikanwa nekuoma kwemamiyu. tsamba, hutsva huchataura. mari, iyo yakatungamirira kukuongorora kusina kunaka kwehuwandu hwemazuva ano makuru. Vaimbi, vese vekune dzimwe nyika uye vekumba, vakanyoresa zvisina tsarukano mumusasa wepamutemo, uye kukurudzira maitiro ari nyore mukugadzira. Mumakore 60-70. 20th century zvikanganiso izvi zvakatadzisa kukura kwemazizi. mimhanzi yekugadzira uye sainzi. vakafunga nezvemimhanzi, vakashorwa zvakasimba.
Yu.V. Keldysh
Formalism mu ballet, sezvimwe mune mamwe hunyanzvi, inozvigadzika fomu-kugadzira, isina zvemukati. Mumakore akashata emabhunu emuzana ramakore re20 F. anokura semubairo wekuparara pamweya nekubvisa hunhu kwehunyanzvi. kusika, kurasikirwa kweunyanzvi hwakanaka uye nzanga. zvinangwa. Inoratidzwa mukuramba mutauro wekirasi. uye Nar. kutamba, kubva mumadhanzi akavepo kare. mafomu, mukurima kwepurasitiki yakashata, mukusanganiswa kusina maturo kwemafambiro, nemaune isina kutaura. F. inovandudza pasi pemureza wepseudo-innovation, vatsigiri vayo vanoti vari kuedza kupfumisa chimiro. Nekudaro, iyo fomu, isina zvemukati, inoparara, inorasikirwa nehunhu uye kunaka kwayo. F. maitiro ndiwowo maitiro ezvigadzirwa izvo zvisingaputsi netsika. mazwi ekutamba, asi kuderedza zvinorehwa neunyanzvi kune yakachena "kutamba kwemafomu", kune isina chinhu musanganiswa wezvinhu, kune isina hunyanzvi tekinoroji. F. in choreography ine chekuita nezviitiko zvakadaro zve decadent modernist art seabstractionism mukupenda, theatre yezvisina musoro, nezvimwe.
Ballet. Encyclopedia, SE, 1981
