Annie Fischer |

Annie Fischer

Iri zita rinozivikanwa uye rinokosheswa munyika yedu, pamwe nenyika zhinji dzemakondinendi akasiyana - kwese kwakamboshanyirwa nemutambi weHungary, uko kunoridzwa marekodhi akawanda ane zvinyorwa zvake. Tichitaura zita iri, vanoda mimhanzi vanoyeuka runako rwakakosha rwuri mariri chete, kudzika uye chido chechiitiko, kusimba kwekufunga kwaanoisa mukuridza kwake. Vanorangarira nhetembo dzakanaka uye nekukasira kwekunzwa, kugona kunoshamisa kwekungoita, pasina chero chekuita kunze, kuwana kushomeka kwekuita. Pakupedzisira, vanorangarira kutsunga kunoshamisa, simba resimba, simba remurume - chaizvo zvechirume, nekuti izwi rinozivikanwa rekuti "mutambo wevakadzi" sekushandiswa kwariri harina kufanira zvachose. Ehe, misangano naAnnie Fischer inoramba iri mundangariro dzangu kwenguva yakareba. Nekuti pachiso chake isu hatisi muimbi chete, asi mumwe weanopenya hunhu hwemazuva ano ekuita.

Unyanzvi hwepiyano hwaAnnie Fischer haugoneki. Chiratidzo chake hachisi chega uye hachina kukwana kwehunyanzvi, asi kugona kwemuenzi kuisa pfungwa dzake zviri nyore mumanzwi. Yakarurama, nguva dzose yakagadziriswa tempos, pfungwa yakasimba ye rhythm, kunzwisisa kwemaitiro emukati uye pfungwa yekuvandudzwa kwemimhanzi, kukwanisa "kuveza chimiro" chechidimbu chiri kuitwa - izvi ndizvo zvakanakira zviripo mairi kusvika pakuzara. . Ngatiwedzerei pano ruzha ruzere ropa, "rakavhurika", iro, sokunge zvakadaro, rinosimbisa kureruka uye hunhu hwekuita kwake maitiro, hupfumi hwekusimba, kupenya kwetimbre, kupfava kwekubata uye pedalization ...

Tataura zvese izvi, isu hatisati tasvika kune chikuru chinosiyanisa hunyanzvi hwemupiyano, aesthetics yake. Nezvose zvakasiyana-siyana zvekududzira kwayo, ivo vanobatanidzwa nehupenyu hune simba-hunosimbisa, toni ine tariro. Izvi hazvirevi kuti Annie Fischer ari mutorwa kumutambo, kukakavara kwakapinza, manzwiro akadzama. Kusiyana neizvi, zviri mumimhanzi, izere neshungu dzerudo uye zvishuwo zvikuru, kuti tarenda rake rinoratidzwa zvizere. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, inoshingaira, yakasimba-yakasimba, inoronga musimboti unogara uripo mumutambo wemuimbi, rudzi rwe "chaji yakanaka" inounza hunhu hwake.

Repertoire yaAnnie Fischer haina kupararira, kutonga nemazita evanyori. Anozviganhurira kunenge kune zvechinyakare uye zverudo shasha. Zvisizvo ndezve, pamwe, mashoma enziyo naDebussy uye mimhanzi yemumwe wake Bela Bartok (Fischer aive mumwe wevatambi vekutanga veTatu Concerto). Asi kune rumwe rutivi, munharaunda yake yakasarudzwa, anotamba zvose kana zvinenge zvose. Anonyanya kubudirira muzvinyorwa zvakakura - concertos, sonatas, kusiyana-siyana. Kunyanya kutaura, kusimba kwechiitiko, chakaitwa pasina kana kudiki kubata kwemanzwiro kana maitiro, zvakaratidza kududzira kwake kwekirasi - Haydn naMozart. Ikoko hakuna rutivi rumwe rwemu museum, stylization "pasi penguva" pano: zvinhu zvose zvizere nehupenyu, uye panguva imwechete, zvakanyatsofungidzirwa, zvakaenzana, zvakadziviswa. Iyo yakadzama huzivi Schubert uye sublime Brahms, munyoro Mendelssohn uye heroic Chopin vanoumba chikamu chakakosha chezvirongwa zvake. Asi kubudirira kwepamusoro kwemuiti kunobatanidza nekududzirwa kwemabasa aLiszt naSchumann. Wese munhu anoziva kududzira kwake konsati yepiyano, Carnival naSchumann's Symphonic Etudes kana Liszt's Sonata muB mudiki, hapana chaaigona kuita kunze kwekuyemura kukura uye kudedera kwekuridza kwake. Mumakore gumi apfuura, rimwe zita rakawedzerwa kune aya mazita - Beethoven. Mumakore makumi manomwe, mimhanzi yake inotora nzvimbo yakakosha mumakonzati aFischer, uye dudziro yake yemifananidzo mikuru yeViennese hofori inodzika uye ine simba. “Maitiro ake aBeethoven maererano nokujeka kwepfungwa uye kunyengetedza kwokutamiswa kwemutambo wenziyo zvokuti zvinobva zvatora uye kukwezva muteereri,” akanyora kudaro nyanzvi yemimhanzi yokuAustria X. Wirth. Uye magazini yeMumhanzi neMumhanzi yakataura mushure mekonzati yemuimbi muLondon: "Kuturikira kwake kunokurudzirwa nepfungwa dzepamusoro dzemimhanzi, uye irwo rudzi rwehupenyu hwepfungwa hwaanoratidza, semuenzaniso, muadagio kubva kuPathetique kana Mwedzi Sonata, zvinoita. kuenda kumakore akati wandei echiedza pamberi pe “manotsi” anhasi.

Zvisinei, basa reunyanzvi raFischer rakatanga naBeethoven. Akatanga kuBudapest aine makore masere chete. Maiva muna 1922 apo musikana akatanga kuonekwa pachikuva, achiita Beethoven's First Concerto. Akaonekwa, akawana mukana wekudzidza achitungamirirwa nevadzidzisi vakakurumbira. PaAcademy of Music, varairidzi vake vaiva Arnold Szekely uye munyori wenziyo uye piano akatanhamara Jerno Donany. Kubva 1926, Fischer anga ari chiitiko chekonzati chenguva dzose, mugore rimwe chetero akaita rwendo rwake rwekutanga kunze kweHungary - kuenda kuZurich, kwakaratidza kutanga kwekuzivikanwa pasi rose. Uye kukunda kwake paMakwikwi ekutanga ePiano yeMarudzi muBudapest, F. Liszt (1933), akabatanidza kukunda kwake. Panguva imwe cheteyo, Annie akatanga kunzwa vaimbi vakaita zvisingadzimiki paari uye vakakurudzira kukura kwake kwehunyanzvi - S. Rachmaninoff naE. Fischer.

Munguva yeHondo Yenyika Yechipiri, Annie Fischer akakwanisa kutizira kuSweden, uye achangobva kudzingwa kwevaNazi, akadzokera kunyika yake. Panguva imwecheteyo, akatanga kudzidzisa paLiszt Higher Chikoro cheMimhanzi uye muna 1965 akagamuchira zita rehupurofesa. Chiitiko chake chekonzati munguva yepashure pehondo chakagamuchira chiyero chakakura kwazvo uye chakamuunzira rudo rwevateereri uye kucherechedzwa kwakawanda. Katatu - muna 1949, 1955 uye 1965 - akapiwa Kossuth Prize. Uye kunze kwemiganhu yenyika yake, ane kodzero yekunzi mumiriri weHungarian art.

… Muchirimo cha1948, Annie Fischer akatanga kuuya munyika yedu sechikamu cheboka revanyori vanobva kuHungary hama. Pakutanga, mitambo yenhengo dzeboka iri yakaitika mumasitudhiyo eImba yeRadio Broadcasting uye Sound Recording. Ikoko ndipo apo Annie Fischer akaita imwe ye "nhamba dzekorona" dzerepertoire yake - Schumann's Concerto. Munhu wose akanga aripo muhoro kana kuti akanzwa kuridza paredhiyo akafadzwa nounyanzvi uye kufara kwomudzimu kwomutambo wacho. Mushure maizvozvi, akakokwa kuti atore chikamu mukonzati pachikuva cheHoro yeColumns. Vateereri vakamupa ruzha rurefu, rwakapisa, akaridza zvakare uye zvakare - Beethoven, Schubert, Chopin, Liszt, Mendelssohn, Bartok. Ndizvo zvakatanga kuzivana kwevateereri veSoviet neunyanzvi hwaAnnie Fischer, shamwari yakaratidza kutanga kwehushamwari hurefu uye hunogara. Muna 1949, akatopa konzati yega muMoscow, uye akabva aita kasingaverengeki, achiita mabasa akawanda akasiyana-siyana mumaguta akasiyana enyika yedu.

Basa raAnnie Fischer rakabva rakwezva kutarisisa kwevatsoropodzi veSoviet, rakanyatsoongororwa pamapeji ekudhinda kwedu nenyanzvi dzinotungamira. Mumwe nemumwe wavo akawana mumutambo wake ari padyo naye, zvinhu zvinoyevedza. Vamwe vakasarudza hupfumi hwepalette yezwi, vamwe - chido uye simba, vamwe - kudziya uye kushamwaridzana kweunyanzvi hwake. Chokwadi, kuyemura pano kwakanga kusiri kusina miganhu. D. Rabinovich, somuenzaniso, achikoshesa zvikuru kuita kwake kwaHaydn, Mozart, Beethoven, asingatarisiri akaedza kukanda kusava nechokwadi pamusoro pemukurumbira wake saSchumanist, achitaura pfungwa yokuti kutamba kwake "hakuna kudzika kwechokwadi kwerudo", kuti "mufaro wake unongova zvekunze”, uye chiyero munzvimbo chinoshanduka kuita magumo pachawo. Nechikonzero ichi, mutsoropodzi akagumisa nezve huviri hunhu hweunyanzvi hwaFischer: pamwe neiyo classicism, lyricism uye kurota zvakare zvirimo mairi. Naizvozvo, nyanzvi yemimhanzi inoremekedzwa yakaratidza muimbi semumiriri we "anti-romantic maitiro." Zvinoratidzika, zvisinei, kuti iyi inongova izwi rechirevo, risinganzwisisike nharo, nokuti unyanzvi hwaFischer huri chaizvoizvo huzere neropa zvokuti hahuna kukwana mumubhedha weProcrustean weimwe nzira. Uye munhu anogona kungobvumirana nemafungiro emumwe muzivi wekuita piyano K. Adzhemov, uyo akapenda mufananidzo unotevera wemumhanzi wepiyano wekuHungary: “Unyanzvi hwaAnnie Fischer, ane rudo muhunhu, hwakadzama hwepakutanga uye panguva imwe chete hwakabatana netsika. kubva kuna F. Liszt. Kufungira chinhu chinhu chinoshamisa pakuitwa kwacho, kunyangwe hwaro hwacho huri chinyorwa chemunyori chakadzama uye chakadzama. Pianism yaFischer inogoneka uye yakagadziridzwa zvakanyanya. Zvinoshamisa zvakaenzana ndiyo yakatsanangurwa yakanaka uye chord tekinoroji. Muridzi wepiyano, kunyangwe asati abata kiibhodhi, anonzwa mufananidzo weruzha, uyezve, sekunge ari kuveza ruzha, achiwana inoratidzira timbre siyana. Zvakananga, inopindura zvine hunyoro kune ese akakosha matauriro, modulation, shanduko mukufema mutsindo, uye kududzirwa kwayo kwakabatana zvisingaite nesese. Mukuita kwaA. Fischer, zvose zvinoyevedza cantilena uye oratorical elation uye pathos zvinokwezva. Tarenda remuimbi rinozviratidza nesimba rakasiyana muzvinyorwa zvakazadzwa nemararamiro emanzwiro makuru. Mukududzirwa kwake, mukati-kati memimhanzi inoburitswa. Nokudaro, nziyo dzakafanana maari nguva imwe neimwe inonzwika nenzira itsva. Uye ichi ndicho chimwe chezvikonzero zvekusashivirira kwatinotarisira misangano mitsva nehunyanzvi hwake.

Aya mazwi, akataurwa mukutanga 70s, anoramba ari echokwadi nanhasi.

Annie Fischer akaramba zvachose kuburitsa zvinyorwa zvakaitwa panguva yemakonzati ake, achitaura kusakwana kwavo. Nekune rimwe divi, iyewo aisada kurekodha mu studio, achitsanangura kuti chero kududzira kwakagadzirwa pasina vateereri mhenyu kwaizongove kwekunyepedzera. Nekudaro, kutanga muna 1977, akapedza makore gumi nemashanu achishanda mumasitudiyo, achishanda mukurekodha ese aBeethoven's sonatas, kutenderera kwaasina kumboburitswa kwaari muhupenyu hwake. Zvisinei, mushure mekufa kwaAnnie Fischer, zvikamu zvakawanda zvebhuku iri zvakawanikwa kune vateereri uye zvakafarirwa zvikuru nevanoziva mimhanzi yekare.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya., 1990