Géza Anda |

Geza Anda

Geza Anda asati atora chinzvimbo chakasimba munyika yemazuva ano yepiyano, akapfuura nenzira yakaoma, inopokana yebudiriro. Zvese zviri zviviri mufananidzo wekugadzira wemuimbi uye maitiro ese ekuumbwa kwehunyanzvi zvinoratidzika kunge zvinoratidza zvakanyanya kuchizvarwa chese chevaimbi vanoridza, sekunge ari kutarisa zvese zviri zviviri kunaka kwake uye kusasimba kwake kwehunhu.

Anda akakurira mumhuri yevaimbi vemaiti, pazera remakore 13 akapinda muLiszt Academy of Music muBudapest, apo pakati pevadzidzisi vake aiva E. Donany anoremekedzwa. Akabatanidza zvidzidzo zvake nebasa reprosaic: akapa zvidzidzo zvepiyano, akawana mari yake kuburikidza nekuita mumitambo yakasiyana-siyana, kunyange mumaresitorendi nemitambo yekutamba. Makore matanhatu ekudzidza akaunza Anda kwete chete dhipuroma, asiwo Mubayiro weListov, uyo akamupa kodzero yekuita debut yake muBudapest. Airidza, achiperekedzwa neokhestra yaitungamirirwa naV. Mengelberg ane mukurumbira, Concerto Yechipiri yeBrahms. Kubudirira kwacho kwaiva kukuru zvokuti boka revaimbi vakakurumbira rinotungamirirwa ne3. Kodai akawana bhezari yenyanzvi yemifananidzo, iyo yakamubvumira kupfuurira zvidzidzo zvake muBerlin. Uye heino rombo rakanaka: kuita kweFranck's Symphonic Variations neakakurumbira Philharmonics inotungamirwa naMengelberg inofarirwa zvakanyanya nevatsoropodzi uye connoisseurs. Zvisinei, kudzvinyirirwa kweguta guru refascist kwakanga kusingafadzi muiti, uye awana chiremba chenhema, akakwanisa kuenda kuSwitzerland (zvichida kurapwa). Pano Anda akapedza dzidzo yake achitungamirirwa naEdwin Fischer uye akagara, gare gare, muna 1954, achigamuchira hugari hweSwitzerland.

Kushanya kwakawanda kwakaunza Anda European mukurumbira mukupera kwe50s; muna 1955, vateereri vemamwe maguta eUnited States vakasangana naye, muna 1963 akatanga kutamba muJapan. Matanho ese ebasa remunyori mushure mehondo anoratidzwa pamarekodhi egiramufomu, izvo zvinobvumira munhu kutonga kushanduka kwake kwekugadzira. Muhuduku hwake, Anda akakwezva kutarisa zvakanyanya netarenda rake re "manual", uye kusvika pakati pe50s, repertoire yake yakanga ine virtuoso bias yakasiyana. Vashoma vezera rake vakaita Brahms 'yakaomesesa Kusiyana paDingindira rePaganini kana zvidimbu zvaLiszt zvinoshamisa zvine bravura uye chivimbo. Asi zvishoma nezvishoma Mozart inova musimboti wezvido zvekugadzira zvemuimbi wepiyano. Anoramba achiita uye anorekodha makonsati ose aMozart (kusanganisira 5 okutanga), achiwana mibairo yakawanda yepasi rose nokuda kweizvi zvakarekodhwa.

Kutanga kubva pakati pemakore ekuma50s, achitevera muenzaniso wemuperekedzi wake E. Fischer, aigara achiridza piano-conductor, achinyanya kuridza makonsati eMozart uye achiwana mhedzisiro yehunyanzvi mune izvi. Pakupedzisira, kumakonzati mazhinji aMozart, akanyora cadenza dzake, achibatanidza stylistic organicity ne virtuoso brilliance uye hunyanzvi.

Achidudzira Mozart, Anda aigara achiedza kuudza vateereri zvakanga zviri pedyo naye mubasa remunyori uyu - kurerukirwa kwemutinhimira, kujeka uye kuchena kwepiyano manyorerwo, nyasha dzakazorora, tariro ine tariro. Simbiso yakanakisa yezvaakabudirira mune izvi kwaisave kutarisisa kwakanaka kwevanoongorora, asi chokwadi chekuti Clara Haskil - akanyanya mano uye ane nhetembo muimbi - akamusarudza semudiwa wake pakuita kwekonsato mbiri yaMozart. Asi panguva imwecheteyo, unyanzvi hwaAnda kwenguva yakareba hwakanga husina kutya kwekunzwa mhenyu, kudzika kwemanzwiro, kunyanya panguva dzekutambudzika kukuru uye kuguma. Akanga asina chikonzero chokuzvidzwa nokuda kwokunaka kunotonhora, kukurumidza kusingakodzeri kwokumhanya, matauriro ezvirevo, kungwara kwakanyanyisa, kwakagadzirirwa kuvanza kushaikwa kwezvinyorwa zvechokwadi.

Zvisinei, zvinyorwa zvaAnda zveMozart zvinotibvumira kutaura pamusoro pekushanduka kweunyanzvi hwake. Madhisiki achangoburwa eAll Mozart Concertos akatevedzana (ane orchestra yeSalzburg Mozarteum), akapedzwa nemuimbi ari pachikumbaridzo chekuzvarwa kwake kwemakumi mashanu, anoratidzwa nekusviba, ruzha rukuru, chishuwo chehukuru, huzivi hwehuzivi, hunova. inosimbiswa nesarudzo yepakati nepakati kupfuura kare , temp. Izvi hazvina kupa chero chikonzero chaicho chekuona zviratidzo zvekuchinja kwakakosha mune pianistic maitiro emuimbi, asi zvakangomuyeuchidza kuti kukura kwekugadzira kunosiya chiratidzo chayo.

Saka, Geza Anda akawana mukurumbira semupiyano ane chimiro chidiki chekugadzira - kunyanya "nyanzvi" muMozart. Iye pachake, zvisinei, akapikisa zvakasimba mutongo wakadaro. “Shoko rokuti “nyanzvi” harina musoro,” Anda akamboudza mutori wenhau wemagazini yokuSlovakia inonzi Good Life. - Ndakatanga naChopin uye kune vakawanda ndakanga ndava nyanzvi muChopin. Ipapo ndakaridza Brahms uye ndakabva ndanzi "Bramsian". Saka chero kunyora mazita ibenzi.”

Mashoko aya ane chokwadi chawo. Chokwadi, Geza Anda aive muimbi mukuru, muimbi akakura uyo aigara, mune chero repertoire, aine chimwe chinhu chekutaura kuruzhinji uye aiziva matauriro. Yeuka kuti ndiye anenge ari wekutanga kuridza makonzati ese ari matatu aBartók manheru mamwe chete. Ane yakanakisa kurekodha kweaya maconcerto, pamwe neRhapsody yePiano uye Orchestra (Op. 1), yakaitwa pamwe nekubatana nekondakita F. Fritchi. Mumakore achangopfuura, Anda akawedzera kutendeukira kuna Beethoven (uyo waakanga asati ambotamba), kuna Schubert, Schumann, Brahms, Liszt. Pakati pezvaakarekodha pane ese maBrahms concertos (naKarajan), konsati yaGrieg, Beethoven's Diabelli Waltz Kusiyana, Fantasia muC chikuru, Kreisleriana, Schumann's Davidsbündler Dances.

Asi ichokwadi zvakare kuti maive mumhanzi waMozart umo maakanakisa epiyano yake - akajeka, akakwenenzverwa, ane simba - akaburitswa, pamwe, nekuzara kukuru. Ngatitaurei zvimwe, vaive rudzi rwechiyero chinosiyanisa chizvarwa chose chevaMozartian piano.

Kufurira kwaGeza Anda pachizvarwa chino hakurambiki. Yakanga yakatemwa kwete chete nemutambo wake, asiwo neinoshingaira pedagogical chiitiko. Sezvo ari mutori wechikamu anokosha wemitambo yeSalzburg kubvira 1951, akaitisawo makirasi nevaimbi vechidiki muguta reMozart; muna 1960, nguva pfupi asati afa, Edwin Fischer akamupa kirasi yake muLucerne, uye gare gare Anda akadzidzisa kududzira chirimo chiri chose muZurich. Muimbi wacho akaronga misimboti yake yedzidziso seizvi: “Vadzidzi vanotamba, ndinoteerera. Vazhinji vanoridza piano vanofunga neminwe yavo, asi kanganwa kuti mimhanzi uye hunyanzvi hwekuvandudza ndeimwe. Piyano, sekuitisa, inofanirwa kuvhura mahorizoni matsva. " Pasina kupokana, ruzivo rwakapfuma uye hupamhi hwematariro hwakauya nekufamba kwemakore zvakabvumira muimbi kuvhura aya mahorizoni mumimhanzi kuvadzidzi vake. Tinowedzera kuti mumakore achangopfuura, Anda aiwanzoita kondakita. Rufu rusingatarisirwi haruna kubvumira tarenda rake rakasiyana-siyana kuti rizarure zvizere. Akafa mavhiki maviri mushure memakonzati ekukunda muBratislava, guta raakaita dambarefu rake neiyo symphony orchestra yaiitwa naLudovit Reiter makumi emakore apfuura.

Grigoriev L., Platek Ya.