Symphonic music |
Mumhanzi weSymphonic mumhanzi wakagadzirirwa kuita masymphonies. orchestra; iyo inonyanya kukosha uye yakapfuma nzvimbo ye instr. mimhanzi, inovhara ese ari maviri makuru-akawanda-zvikamu mabasa, akazara neakaomarara epfungwa uye zvemukati zvemukati, uye mimhanzi midiki. mitambo. Symp. Orchestra, iyo inosanganisa zviridzwa zvakasiyana-siyana, inopa mugadziri wemimhanzi ane yakapfuma palette yemavara eruzha, inotaura. mari, mikana yehunyanzvi yekutaura kwehunyanzvi. pfungwa.
Kuita kwemimhanzi. prod. yakakura instr. ensembles uye orchestra yaiitwa zvese zvekare uye muMiddle Ages, asi chete pakupera kweRenaissance instr. mimhanzi yakava yakaenzana nezwi. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kwaya yakazvimirira yakatanga kuitwa. polyphony chiridzwa chaicho (ensemble-orchestral) maitiro. Mimhanzi yeorchestra yakagadzirwa mukudyidzana nguva dzose nemamwe marudzi emimhanzi. art-va - ine kamuri mimhanzi, organ, choral, opera. Mhando dzemhando 17 - 1st floor. Muzana remakore rechi18: kutamba. suite, konzati - ensemble-orchestral (ona Concerto grosso), gare gare solo (ona Concerto), overture (symphony) yemhando yeoperatic (kutanga sesumo yeopera, ballet, yozozvimiririra). Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezana remakore rechi18: divertissement, serenade, nocturne, cassation. Kusimuka kwakasimba kweiyo symphony kwakabatana nekufambira mberi kweiyo symphony, kukura kwayo senge cyclic. sonata fomu uye kuvandudzwa kweiyo classical. rudzi rwokufananidzira. orchestra. Panyaya iyi, chikoro cheMannheim uye kunyanya chikoro cheViennese chakaita basa rakakosha. Mune basa reViennese classics, kuguma kwakaitika. muganhu pakati peS.m. uye mumhanzi weimba huru, waiva wekare. tinas of a symphony (kutenderera kwezvikamu zvina), concerto (chikamu chezvikamu zvitatu), kuwedzera (chikamu chimwe opus mu fomu ye sonata). Muzana remakore rechi19 mikana ye symphony yakawedzera. orchestra; kuumbwa kwayo kwakawedzera, zvishandiso zvekare zvakagadziridzwa, zvitsva zvakatangwa. Nekuda kwekuoma kwe orc. zvibodzwa, basa remutyairi rakawedzera (ona Kuitisa). Kwaya uye solo woks kazhinji akatanga kuunzwa musymphony nemamwe marudzi ezviridzwa. vhoti. Kune rumwe rutivi, symphony yakawedzera. kutanga muna wok.-orc. nziyo (cantata, oratorio), opera uye ballet. Symphony yakawana kukosha kukuru. purogiramu mimhanzi: conc. kukwira kune imwe hurongwa, symphony, yakashongedzerwa nemwenje. chirongwa, nhetembo ine symphonic nemhando dzine chekuita nayo (symphonic picture, symphonic fantasy, etc.), chirongwa-mhando suite, kazhinji inoumbwa nenhamba dzemitambo yemitambo (kusanganisira ballet, opera) mimhanzi, asi kazhinji yakazvimirira. Mhando dzeS.m. zvinosanganisirawo symphonietta, symphony. misiyano, fantasy (zvakare overture) pa nar. madingindira, rhapsody, ngano, capriccio, scherzo, potpourri, march, decomp. matambiro (kusanganisira muchimiro chekutenderera - symphonic dances), decomp. maminiatures, etc. In conc. symp. repertoire inosanganisirawo orc. zvidimbu kubva kumaopera, ballet, mitambo, mitambo, mafirimu.
S. m. 19th century yakave neyakakura nyika yemazano uye manzwiro. Yakawana kutaura kwemisoro yevanhu vose zvavo. manzwi, zviitiko zvakadzama, mifananidzo yezvisikwa, hupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye fungidziro, nat. vatambi, mifananidzo yenzvimbo, nhetembo, ngano. 20th century SM, yakagadzira zvinhu zvakawanda zvemimhanzi yekare, yakaunza chimwe chinhu chitsva mune zviri mukati uye chimiro chebasa, uye yakaratidza misimboti yaDecember. aesthetic mafambiro (impressionism, expressionism, etc.). Mienzaniso yakanakisisa yeS. m. 20 zana - classics yenguva nyowani. Classic chiratidzo. orchestra yakachengetwa mumimhanzi yezana remakore rechi20. kukosha kwezvakajairwa, asi imwe ork. complexes - yakawedzerwa kune super-orchestra, yakaderedzwa kusvika mukamuri ensemble, yepakati isina kukwana nziyo. The orchestra yakapfumiswa nematehwe matsva (kunyanya, zviridzwa zvemagetsi), yakasimudzirwa seyakazvimirira. ungana muochestra bhendi kuridza. zvishandiso. Pachiyero chakaenzana nezviridzwa muzvikamu zvesymphonies. prod. vachiimba vari vega uye kwaya yakatanga kubatidzwa. vhoti. Maitiro ekunyora eS.m. dzakadzokororwa mujazi (iyo inonzi symphonic jazz). Mamwe marudzi emimhanzi yekutanga anorimwa zvakare, semuenzaniso. concerto for orchestra. Mafungiro matsva S. m. akapa misisi. tsika dzevanhu vasiri vekuEurope.
Muzana remakore rechi19 nerechi20 munyika dzeEurope neAmerica dzakafambira mberi. Zvikoro zveS., to-rye zvakagamuchira kukosha kwenyika. Kubudirira kwepamusoro kwakaratidza Rus. classical uye zizi. S. m., iyo inotora nzvimbo ine mukurumbira mumimhanzi yenyika. tsika. Mazizi. S. m. inosanganisira kugadzira. mabasa evanyori vese Union uye munyori. republics. Mune mazizi akawanda Mumarepublic chete mushure me1917 vakaita masters eS. m. oneka. owl Genres. S. m. yakaratidza mifananidzo uye pfungwa dzemazuva ano, maitiro echimurenga. kushandurwa kwevanhu. Kukura kwe symphonism kwakakanganisa kusimukira kwe opera ne ballet, uye zvakakonzera kukura kwewok-symphony. mhando, kune symphony yemimhanzi yemweya. maturusi enziyo neochestra. Iyo yakapfuma folklore yeUSSR yakapa hunyanzvi. mafungiro eS.m. uye zvakakonzera kubuda kwemarudzi ayo matsva (somuenzaniso, symphonic mugham); mhedzisiro inobatsira yetsika dzenyika uye muS.m. dzedzimwe nyika.
References: Glebov Igor (Asafiev BV), Russian symphonic mimhanzi yemakore gumi, "Music uye Revolution", 10, No 1927; Mumhanzi weSoviet symphonic. Sat. Art., M., 11; Sollertinsky I., Historical types of symphonic dramaturgy, mubhuku rake: Musical and history studies, L., 1955; Stupel A., Kukurukurirana pamusoro pemimhanzi yesymphonic, L., 1956; Popova T., Symphonic music, Moscow, 1961; Kune vateereri vemakonzati esymphony. Mutungamiriri muchidimbu, M.-L., 1963, L., 1965; Konen V., Theatre uye Symphony …, M., 1967, 1968; Bobrovsky V., Symphonic mimhanzi, mubhuku: Mimhanzi yezana remakore reXX, chikamu 1975, bhuku. 1, M., 1.
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