Karenda yemimhanzi - Nyamavhuvhu
Nyamavhuvhu ndiko kupera kwezhizha. Mwedzi uno kazhinji hauna kupfuma mumitambo yemimhanzi, mapoka emitambo yemitambo anotora zororo kubva pakushanya, uye haungamboone mafirimu pamatanho emitambo. Zvakadaro, akapa nyika vazhinji vanozivikanwa vakasiya chiratidzo chavo pamimhanzi. Pakati pavo pane vanyori A. Glazunov, A. Alyabyev, A. Salieri, K. Debussy, vocalists M. Bieshu, A. Pirogov, conductor V. Fedoseev.
Vatongi vetambo dzemweya
10 Nyamavhuvhu 1865 gore munyori akauya munyika Alexander Glazunov. Shamwari yeBorodin, akapedza mabasa asina kupera atenzi kubva mundangariro. Somudzidzisi, Glazunov akatsigira wechidiki Shostakovich panguva yekuparadzwa kwepashure-revolutionary. Mubasa rake, kubatana pakati pemimhanzi yeRussia yezana ramakore rechi XNUMX nemimhanzi mitsva yeSoviet inoteedzerwa zvakajeka. Muimbi akanga akasimba mumweya, ane mbiri muukama neshamwari nevashori, chinangwa chake uye kushingaira kwake kwakakwezva vanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana, vadzidzi, uye vateereri kwaari. Pakati pemabasa akanakisisa eGlazunov pane symphonies, nhetembo ye symphonic "Stenka Razin", ballet "Raymonda".
Pakati pevanyori pane avo vakava vakakurumbira nemhaka yeimwe nyanzvi. Zvakadai, somuenzaniso, zvinoberekwa Nyamavhuvhu 15, 1787 Alexander Alyabyev - munyori weakakurumbira uye anodiwa nemamiriyoni erudo "Nightingale". Kudanana kunoitwa pasi rese, pane kurongeka kwezviridzwa zvakasiyana uye ensembles.
Zvakazoitika kumunyori wacho zvakanga zvisiri nyore. Munguva yehondo ya1812, akazvipira kumberi, akarwa muhondo yeDenis Davydov, akakuvadzwa, akapiwa menduru uye mirairo miviri. Zvisinei, pashure pehondo, mumba make makava nokuponda. Akabatwa nemhosva, kunyange zvazvo pasina humbowo hwakananga hwakawanikwa. Mushure mekuedza kwemakore matatu, munyori akaendeswa kuutapwa kwemakore mazhinji.
Pamusoro perudo "The Nightingale", Alyabyev akasiya nhaka yakakura - aya maopera matanhatu, akawanda emazwi emhando dzakasiyana siyana, mimhanzi inoera.
18 Nyamavhuvhu 1750 gore muItaly ane mukurumbira akaberekwa Antonio Salieri Munyori, mudzidzisi, kondakita. Akasiya chiratidzo pamusoro pekuguma kwevaimbi vakawanda, pakati pavo vanozivikanwa zvikuru ndiMozart, Beethoven naSchubert. Mumiriri wechikoro cheGluck, akawana hunyanzvi hwepamusoro-soro mumhando yeopera-seria, achipfuura vanyori vakawanda venguva yake. Kwenguva refu akanga ari epicenter yehupenyu hwemimhanzi yeVienna, akabatanidzwa mumitambo yemitambo, akatungamirira Sosaiti yeVaimbi, akashandisa kutonga pamusoro pezvidzidzo zvemimhanzi mumasangano ehurumende yeAustria guru.
20 Nyamavhuvhu 1561 gore akauya munyika Jacopo Peri, Florentine munyori, munyori wekutanga wekutanga opera akasvika kwatiri - "Eurydice". Sezvineiwo, Peri pachake akave nemukurumbira semumiriri wechimiro chitsva uye semuimbi, aita chikamu chepakati cheOrpheus mukusika kwake. Uye kunyange zvazvo maopera emunyori akazotevera haana kubudirira zvakadaro, ndiye munyori wepeji yekutanga munhoroondo yeopera.
22 Nyamavhuvhu 1862 gore muimbi akazvarwa, anowanzonzi baba vemimhanzi yezana ramakore rechiXNUMX - Claude Debussy. Iye pachake akataura kuti akanga achiedza kutsvaga zvitsva zvemimhanzi, uye avo vakadana kutungamira kwebasa rake impressionism vaiva mapenzi.
Muimbi akafunga ruzha, tonality, chord sezviverengeka zvakazvimirira zvinokwanisa kusanganiswa kuita mavara akasiyana-siyana, asingaganhurirwe chero zvibvumirano nemitemo. Iyo inoratidzirwa nerudo rwenzvimbo, airiness, fluidity yemafomu, kunzvenga kwemumvuri. Debussy akaita zvakanyanya pane zvese mumhando yechirongwa suite, zvese piyano uye orchestral. Anonyanya kuzivikanwa pakati pavo "Gungwa", "Nocturnes", "Prints", "Bergamas Suite"
Stage Maestro
3 Nyamavhuvhu 1935 gore kumaodzanyemba kweMoldova kwakaberekwa Maria Bieshu Opera uye chamber soprano. Inzwi rake rinozivikanwa kubva pamanzwi ekutanga uye rine risingawanzo kutaura. Iyo organically inosanganisa ruzha rwevelvety yakazara-inonzwika "mabhodhoro", inopenya "pamusoro" uye isina kujairika inodedera yechipfuva rejisita.
Muunganidzwa wake unosanganisira mibairo yepamusoro yehunyanzvi uye mazita, budiriro pamatanho epasirese eopera, kukunda mumakwikwi ane mukurumbira pasi rose. Basa rake rakanakisa ndiCio-Cio-San, Aida, Tosca, Tatyana.
4 Nyamavhuvhu 1899 gore akaberekerwa muRyazan Alexander Pirogov, Russian Soviet muimbi-bhesi. Mwana wechishanu mumhuri, akazova ane tarenda, kunyange zvazvo akatanga kuimba pazera remakore 16. Panguva imwe chete nemimhanzi, Alexander akawana dzidzo yezvakaitika kare uye philological. Mushure mokunge apedza kudzidza, muimbi akashanda mumakambani akasiyana-siyana emitambo kusvikira apinda muBolshoi Theater muna 1924.
Kwemakore ebasa rake, Pirogov akaita zvinenge zvese zvakakurumbira mabhesi zvikamu, uye akabatanidzwawo mune zvigadzirwa zvemazuva ano eSoviet opera. Iye anozivikanwawo semuimbi wekamuri, mutambi werudo rweRussia uye nziyo dzechivanhu.
5 Nyamavhuvhu 1932 gore kondakita akatanhamara wenguva yedu akauya kupasi Vladimir Fedoseev. Pasi peutungamiri hwake, Grand Symphony Orchestra yakatumidzwa zita. Tchaikovsky akawana mukurumbira munyika yose. Pakutanga kwezana ramakore re2000th-XNUMXst, Fedoseev aive mutungamiriri weVienna Orchestra, mumaXNUMXs aive muenzi conductor weZurich Opera House neTokyo Philharmonic Orchestra. Anogara achishevedzwa kuti ashande nemaokestra anotungamira pasi rose.
Basa rake mumitambo ye opera rinogara richikosheswa zvikuru, kurekodha kwemabasa nevanoridza symphonists - Mahler, Tchaikovsky, Brahms, Taneyev, operas naDargomyzhsky, Rimsky-Korsakov akapararira mukati mekuunganidzwa kwevanoda mimhanzi. Pasi pehutungamiriri hwake, ese 9 Beethoven symphonies akanyorwa.
Zviitiko zvinonakidza munyika yemimhanzi
Musi waAugust 3, 1778, theatre La Scala yakavhurwa nekushanda kwe2 operas yakanyorerwa kunyanya chiitiko ichi (chimwe chazvo "Kuzivikanwa Europe" naA. Salieri).
Musi waNyamavhuvhu 9, 1942, mutambo unoshamisa zvikuru, unotyisa weSimphony yaD. Shostakovich "Leningrad" yakaitika muLeningrad yakakombwa. Vaimbi vose vaivapo vakadanwa kuti vazoridza kwete nyanzvi chete, asiwo nevasina ruzivo. Vatambi vakawanda vainge vaonda zvekuti vaisakwanisa kutamba uye vakapinzwa muchipatara kuti vawane kudya kunovaka muviri. Pazuva rekutanga, vese vashandi vezvombo zveguta vakatanga moto unorema panzvimbo dzemuvengi, kuitira kuti hapana chaigona kukanganisa kuita. Mutambo uyu wakatepfenyurwa paredhiyo uye wakanzwikwa nenyika yose.
Claude Debussy - Mwedzi
Munyori - Victoria Denisova
