Mhando nhatu dzehukuru mumhanzi
Mukati
Kune marudzi matatu makuru ezvikuru. Sezvakangoita mune zvidiki, izvi ndezvakasikwa, harmonic uye melodic modes.
Ngatinyatsoongororai maitiro emhando imwe neimwe.
natural major
Ichi ndicho chikero chakareruka, chakavakwa maererano nemusimboti wekuchinjanisa toni uye semitones: "2 toni - semitone - 3 toni - semitone." Pakazara, pane matanho masere emimhanzi muchiyero chakadaro (I, II, III, IV, V, VI, VII uye zvakare I).
Uye, maererano neformula yechimiro chechikero ichi, pakati pematanho eI neII panofanira kuva chinhambwe chetoni imwe chete, pakati pematanho eII neIII panofanirawo kuva nenzwi rose, nhanho III neIV ihafu. inzwi rakaparadzana (semitone). Uyezve, maererano nefomula imwechete, pakati pe IV uye V, V uye VI, VI uye VII matanho, iwe unodawo kutora toni yakazara kuti iite kushanda. Pakupedzisira, semitone inovhara ketani pakati peVII uye I nhanho inodzokororwa pamusoro.
Takatoongorora zvakadzama nzira yekuvaka zviyero zvinoenderana neiyi fomula muchidzidzo "Frame in Music: Major and Diki" - ipapo unogona kuwana ese ari maviri mienzaniso uye tsananguro nezve toni uye semitones.
Nekuda kwekupfupika, ngatitarisei muenzaniso mumwe chete. Ngatitii tinoda kuwana A hombe chiyero (tsamba yekududza - A-dur). Chikero ichi chinotanga neinzwi LA uye chinopera nacho. Saizvozvo, kune kutanga, isu tinogona kungonyora chiyero chezvinyorwa kubva ku LA kuenda kune inotevera, yepamusoro LA, ndiko kuti, kuita mhando yekushama.
Zvadaro, iwe unofanirwa kuisa zvinhu zvakarongeka mumutsara uyu, maererano nemaitiro. Zvichida pachava nezvimwe zviratidzo zvekuchinja - zvinopinza kana flats. Kuti zvive nyore uye zvakajeka, kana uchishanda nematoni uye semitones, panguva ino inowanzokurudzirwa kushandisa piyano keyboard.
MUFUPI NEZVEMATONI NESEMITONES
Rangarira kuti kana paine dema rinovapatsanura pakati pemakiyi machena ari padyo epiyano, ipapo chinhambwe chiri pakati pawo chichaenzana netoni imwe chete (semuenzaniso, FA neSOL, LA neSI).
Kana pasina kupatsanura dema, kana makiyi maviri machena akabatana zvakananga uye ari vavakidzani vepedyo kune mumwe nemumwe, saka mune iyi kesi chinhambwe chiri pakati pavo chichaenzana nehafu yetini (kune maviri chete mapeji akadaro pakhibhodi - MI-FA uye SI-DO).
Zvakare, semitone chinhambwe pakati pemakiyi maviri ari padyo (kazhinji ari musanganiswa - dema nechena kana chena nedema). Semuenzaniso: C uye C-SHARP kana C-SHARP uye RE, nezvimwe.
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Saka, ngatiunzei chinhambwe pakati pematanho echishandiso chedu zvinoenderana nemasikirwo makuru formula.
| STAGES | DISTANCE MAERERANO NEFORMULA | KURUNGAMISA |
| I-II | izwi | LA neSI - pakati pezvinyorwa izvi pane toni imwe chete, sezvazvinofanira kuva, hapana shanduko inodiwa pano, ngatienderere mberi. |
| II-III | izwi | SI uye DO - pakati peiyi manzwi semitone, asi fomula inoda toni yakazara, saka kururamisa kunodiwa pano. Sezvo isu tisina imwe semitone kune imwe toni, tinoiwedzera nekusimudza chinyorwa ITA - tinotora DO-SHARP, nokudaro tichiwedzera chinhambwe, uye tine chiratidzo chekutanga. |
| III-IV | Semitone | C-SHARP uye RE - semitone: sezvainofanira kuva. Sezvauri kuona, shanduko munzvimbo yapfuura yakave nemhedzisiro inobatsira pano zvakare: semhedzisiro, isu tine kurongeka kwakazara kumativi ese. |
| IV-V | izwi | RE uye MI - inzwi rose, sezvazvinofanira kuva, ngatienderere mberi. |
| V-VI | izwi | MI neFA semitones, asi iwe unoda toni yakazara. Isu tinobvisa iyi dhizaini, kuwedzera iyo FA nhanho, tora FA-SHARP pachinzvimbo, uye ikozvino chinhambwe pakati peMI neFA-SHARP nhanho chave toni yakazara. |
| XNUMX-XNUMX | izwi | F-SHARP uye SALT - zvakare semitone, uye zvakare, maererano nemaitiro, toni inodiwa. Isu tinoita zvakafanana - tinowedzera zvisipo, uye nokudaro tinowana SALT-SHARP. |
| VII-I | Semitone | G-SHARP uye LA - semitone, sezvazvinofanira kuva, zvinhu zvose zvakanaka pano. |
Mukati mekushanda pachikero, takawana mavara matatu matsva, matatu anopinza - F-SHARP, C-SHARP uye SOL-SHARP. Chikonzero chekuonekwa kwavo kuenderana kwereshiyo dzemanzwi kune fomula yechiyero chikuru. Kana chimwe chezviratidzo izvi chisina kugamuchirwa, ipapo chiyero chikuru chaicho hachizoshanda, ndiko kuti, chaizonzwika mukiyi diki kana neimwe nzira.
Nekudaro, kuti uone kuti ndeapi anopinza kana mafurati anofanirwa kunge aripo mune imwe kana imwe yakasikwa yakakura chiyero, hazvifanirwe zvachose kuvakazve chiyero zvinoenderana nefomati nguva yega yega. Iwe unogona kushandisa tafura yezvakagadzirirwa-zvakagadzirwa mhedzisiro - iyo inonzi denderedzwa yezvishanu zvekiyi, uye zvakare dzidza maitiro ekukurumidza kuona zviratidzo mumakiyi zvinoenderana nenzira yatakakurudzira muchidzidzo "Maitiro ekurangarira zviratidzo mumakiyi." Muimbi ane hunyanzvi haafanire kufunga kuti ndezvipi zviratidzo mune imwe chiyero, asi anofanira kungozviziva "kaviri kaviri" (dzidza, yeuka, tenzi).
NZIRA YEKUONA ZVIRATIDZO MUMAKIYI MAKURU
Ngatirangarirei muchidimbu musimboti wenzira yekukurumidza kuona zviratidzo mumakiyi makuru pasina kushandisa chimiro chechimiro chechiyero chikuru. Iwe unofanirwa kugara uchiyeuka kurongeka kwakaringana kwemakiyi anopinza uye mafurati. Kurongeka kweanopinza ndeye FA DO SOL RE LA MI SI. Flat order: SI MI LA RE SOL ITA FA.
Mutemo 1. Kana kiyi yakapinza, ipapo iyo yekupedzisira inopinza muchiyero inhanho imwe yakaderera pane tonic.
Semuenzaniso, mukiyi yeB huru: tonic iSI, uye yekupedzisira inopinza ichava nhanho yakaderera pane SI, kureva, LA. Pakazara, pachava ne5 inopinza muC huru: FA DO SOL RE LA (tinotaura zvese zvakarongeka, tinomira pa "kupedzisira" LA SHARP).
Mutemo 2. Kana tonality iri flat, zvino kuti tione zviratidzo zvatinoenda muhurongwa hwemafurati, tinosvika kune tonic yatinoda uye kuwedzera imwezve, inotevera furati.
Semuenzaniso, mukiyi yeA-flat huru, tonic ndiyo inonzwika A-flat. Isu tinoenda mukurongeka kwemafurati: SI, MI, LA (pano tasvika kune tonic) + tinotora iyo inotevera flat RE muhurongwa. Pakazara, kune 4 mafurati muA-flat huru: SI MI LA uye RE.
Nzira yekuziva sei kana kiyi yakapinza kana kuti flat? Very simple. Makiyi eflat kazhinji ane izwi rekuti "flat" muzita ravo (semuenzaniso, B-flat major, MI-flat major, C-flat major). Muzita remakiyi anopinza, angave akapusa asina kuchinjika matanho anooneka, kana pane izwi rekuti “yakapinza” (semuenzaniso, G chikuru, E chikuru, F-yakapinza chikuru).
Pane, zvisinei, kunze kwemutemo, aya makiyi maviri makuru anofanirwa kuyeukwa: C makuru (hapana anopinza kana mafurati zvachose) uye F huru (pane imwe B-flat mairi, kunyangwe pasina izwi rekuti "flat" muzita rekiyi).
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Makuru echisikigo anowanikwa zvakanyanya mumhanzi yechivanhu uye mumhanzi wekirasi wakaumbwa nevanyori. Saka, semuenzaniso, rwiyo rweNational Anthem yeRussian Federation rwakanyorwa mukiyi yemusikirwo C mukuru.
Harmonic Mukuru
Mune harmonic huru, kusiyana nemasikirwo, dhigirii yechitanhatu inoderedzwa. Kuderera kunoitika nehafu yetani uchishandisa chiratidzo cheflat (kana kusati kwadzikira danho raive rakachena noti, ndiko kuti, pasina shanduko), kaviri furati (kana kusati kwadzikira danho rakanga ratoderera, sandara), kana kushandisa bekar. chiratidzo (muchiitiko ichocho , kana danho racho raive chinyorwa chinopinza pamberi pekudonha).
Saka, semuenzaniso, mune harmonic E-flat huru (Es-dur), kuwedzera kune yayo pachayo matatu mafurati (SI, MI, LA-FLAT), C-FLAT (VI yakaderedzwa danho) ichaonekwa zvakare. Mune harmonic B-mukuru (H-dur), semugumisiro wekudzikisa nhanho yechitanhatu, G-BECAR ichaonekwa (mune kiyi iyi, yekutanga, yechitanhatu nhanho yeG-SHARP).
Iyo harmonic yakaderedza VI dhigirii mukuchinja kukuru kwechimiro chechiyero, uye zvakare inokonzeresa kutaridzika kwekuwedzera uye kuderera kwepakati mumhando iyi yemhando. Saka, semuenzaniso, pakati peIII neVI dhigirii yakaderera, nguva yechina yakaderedzwa (min. 4) inoumbwa, iyo isiri muhukuru hwechisikigo. Pakati peVI yakaderedzwa uye VII matanho pane nguva yekuwedzera yechipiri (uv.2).
Uye zvakare, kushandura nhanho imwe chete kunokanganisawo kuumbwa kwechords mukiyi. Saka, nekuda kweiyo VI yakaderedzwa nhanho, iyo subdominant triad - S53 (iyo subdominant ndiyo IV nhanho, imwe yematanho makuru eiyo modhi) inova diki, nepo mune zvakasikwa yakakura yaive huru. Itatu yedhigirii yeVI, iyo yakanga iri duku muhukuru hwepanyama, inowedzera (Uv.53).
Kudzikiswa kwedhigirii yechitanhatu kunoshandiswa nevanyori nekunakidzwa kuitira kuti vawedzere kupenya kwemimhanzi, kugadzira kutsva kweruzha. Mushure mezvose, zvisingatarisirwi zviduku zvishoma mumamiriro ezvinhu ekutambudzika kukuru kunogadzira mumvuri wekunyorova, ruzha rusina kujairika, dzimwe nguva runounza mavara ekumabvazuva. Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti iyi nzira iri nyore haimboendi isingaoneki nevateereri, kuderedzwa kweVI danho rinogara richionekwa nenzira inokosha.
Kuti iwe pachako ugone kukoshesa kunaka uye kunakidza ruzha rweharmonic huru, tinokurudzira kuti uteerere muenzaniso kubva kumabhuku emimhanzi. Iri rwiyo runobva kuOpera NA Rimsky-Korsakov "Husiku Husati Wasvika Kisimusi".
melodic huru
Mune melodic huru, matanho maviri anochinja kamwechete - VI uye VII, uye ivo vanodzikawo pasi. Zvisinei, chiyero che melodic chakakosha; kusiyana nemasikirwo echisikigo uye e-harmonic, zvakasiyana kana uchifamba uye uchidzika. Saka, mumhanzi huru hapana shanduko panguva yekukwira kumusoro, ndiko kuti, iyo yakajairwa yemhando huru inoridzwa kana kuimbwa, uye chete kana ichidzika pasi ndipo VI uye VII nhanho dzinodzika.
Saka, semuenzaniso, mune melodic E-flat huru (tinotoziva - matatu "yedu" mafurati: SI, MI, LA) pachavawo neD-flat neC-flat. Mune melodic C huru (mashanu ega anopinza: FA, DO, SOL, RE, LA), mukufamba kwakadzika pachava neLA-BECAR UYE SO-BECAR.
Sezvineiwo, iyo melodic yakakura chiyero chakafanana mukurira kune mudiki wezita rimwe chete. Sezvaunoziva, makiyi ezita rimwechete (somuenzaniso, B guru uye B duku, C guru uye C duku, nezvimwewo) zvakasiyana mumatanho matatu chete - III, VI uye VII (mudiki ivo vakaderera, uye muhukuru. vakakwirira). Saka, chinhu chega chinosiyanisa melodic huru uye yakasikwa diki idanho rechitatu, nepo nhanho yechitanhatu neyechinomwe mune iyi kesi yakaderera uye saka inopindirana.
Hunyanzvi hwekushandisa iyo melodic mhando yehukuru inowanzoenderana nemutambo uyu nehukuru uye mudiki: isu tinoita kunge tiri mudiki kiyi, asi zvinozoitika isu hatisi (rudzi rwe snag)!
Ngatizviite zvakare
Saka, mumimhanzi kune marudzi matatu makuru: echisikigo, harmonic uye melodic.
- zvakasikwa chikuru chikero inowanikwa nekubatanidzwa kwakadaro kwehukama pakati pemanzwi: "2 toni - semitone - 3 toni - semitone".
- Harmonic Mukuru - nhanho yechitanhatu inodzikiswa mairi.
- melodic huru - kana uchikwira kumusoro, hapana chinoshanduka, asi kana uchidzika pasi, nhanho yechitanhatu neyechinomwe inodzika.
Maekisesaizi mashoma
Kubatanidza, tinokurudzira kuti udzidzire zvishoma. Basa nderekutevera: kurekodha uye kutamba (kana kuimba / kutaura) zviyero zvezvakasikwa, harmonic uye melodic huru mumakiyi eG-dur, B-dur.
RATIDZA MHINDURO:
Iyo tonality yeG-dur ndeye G huru, yakapinza, uyezve, pane chiratidzo chimwe chete kiyi - F-yakapinza. Mune harmonic G huru, iyo yakadzikiswa VI degree ndeye MI-FLAT. Mune melodic G guru - kana ichifamba pasi, zviratidzo FA-BEKAR (yakaderedzwa VII degree) uye MI-FLAT (yakaderedzwa VI) ichaonekwa.
Kiyi yeB-dur ndeye B-flat huru, flat. Zviratidzo zvakakosha ndeye SI-FLAT uye MI-FLAT. Mune harmonic B-flat guru - tinowedzera chiratidzo chisina kujairika muG-flat (sezvo danho rechitanhatu rakaderedzwa). Muchiyero che melodic, patinokwira, hapana chinoshanduka, asi patinoburuka, tinopfuura neA-FLAT uye G-FLAT (matanho akaderera, maererano nemutemo).
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Tafura huru yechiyero
Kana kutaridzika muzvikero kuchiri kukukonzera matambudziko, saka kekutanga iwe unogona kushandisa tafura yedu nemazano ekuzviongorora. Nokufamba kwenguva, zvinhu zvose zvichava nani, uye iwe uchafambisa zvikero zviri nyore uye zvakasikwa sehove inoshambira mumvura.
Saka tafura yacho inei? Chekutanga, syllabic uye tsamba kusarudzwa kwekiyi huru (nenzira, kune gumi neshanu chete). Chechipiri, makiyi masaini anozogadzira yako yekutanga - yakasikwa - mhando ye gamma. Koramu yechitatu neyechina inoratidza shanduko dzinoitika mumhando dzezvikero zveharmonic uye melodic.
Saka, maererano netafura iyi, muchiyero chechisikigo cheD chikuru pane chete zviratidzo zvakakosha: F-SHARP uye C-SHARP. Iyo harmonic D huru inosanganisirawo B-flat, iyo melodic D-hombe inosanganisira C-BECAR uye B-flat.
Kana mumwe muenzaniso: A-flat huru ndeyechisikigo - kune mana chete mafurati muchiyero chayo: SI, MI, LA, RE. Mune iyo harmonic fomu, F-FLAT ichawedzerwa kwavari, uye mune melodic fomu, zvose F-FLAT uye G-FLAT zvichawedzerwa.
Ndizvo zvose ikozvino. Tosangana muzvidzidzo zvinotevera!
