Nezve harmonic microchromatics

Muraraungu mune mavara mangani?

Nomwe - vokwedu vachapindura nechivimbo.

Asi kombiyuta yekombiyuta inokwanisa kubereka mavara matatu chete, anozivikanwa kune vose - RGB, kureva, tsvuku, girini uye bhuruu. Izvi hazvititadzise kuona muraraungu wose mumufananidzo unotevera (Fig. 3).

MuChirungu, semuenzaniso, kune mavara maviri - bhuruu uye cyan - pane izwi rimwe chete rebhuruu. Uye vaGiriki vekare vakanga vasina shoko rebhuruu zvachose. MaJapan haana zita regirini. Vanhu vazhinji “vanoona” mavara matatu bedzi mumuraraungu, uye mamwe kunyange maviri.

Ndeipi mhinduro yakarurama kumubvunzo uyu?

Kana tikatarisa mufananidzo 1, tichaona kuti mavara akapinda mune mumwe nemumwe zvakanaka, uye miganhu pakati pavo inongova nyaya yekubvumirana. Kune nhamba isingagumi yemavara mumuraraungu, iyo vanhu vemarudzi akasiyana-siyana vanoparadzanisa nemiganhu yezvisungo kuva akati wandei "anowanzogamuchirwa".

Manotsi mangani ari muoctave?

Munhu anonyatsoziva mimhanzi achapindura - zvinomwe. Vanhu vane dzidzo yemimhanzi, hongu, vachati - gumi nevaviri.

Asi chokwadi ndechekuti nhamba yezvinonyorwa inongova nyaya yemutauro. Kune vanhu vane tsika yemimhanzi inogumira pachiyero chepentatonic, nhamba yezvinyorwa zvichave zvishanu, mutsika yekare yeEurope kune gumi nevaviri, uye, semuenzaniso, mumhanzi weIndia makumi maviri nemaviri (muzvikoro zvakasiyana nenzira dzakasiyana).

Makwiriro eruzha kana, tichitaura zvesainzi, kuwanda kwekudengetera huwandu hunoramba huchichinja. Between note A, inorira pafrequency ye440 Hz, uye chinyorwa si-flat pafrequency ye466 Hz pane nhamba isingaperi yemanzwi, imwe neimwe yatinogona kushandisa mukuita zvemimhanzi.

Sezvinongoita muimbi akanaka asina 7 yakatarwa mavara mumufananidzo wake, asi akakura akasiyana-siyana emumvuri, saka munyori anogona kushanda zvakachengeteka kwete chete nemanzwi kubva ku12-noti yakaenzana temperament scale (RTS-12), asi neimwe ipi zvayo. manzwi echisarudzo chake.

yechikoro

Chii chinomisa vanyori vakawanda?

Chokutanga, chokwadi, zviri nyore kuuraya uye notation. Zvinenge zviridzwa zvese zvakaiswa muRTS-12, vangangoita vaimbi vese vanodzidza kuverenga classical notation, uye vateereri vazhinji vanoshandiswa kumimhanzi inosanganisira "zvakajairika" manotsi.

Izvi zvinotevera zvinogona kupikiswa kune izvi: kune rumwe rutivi, kuvandudzwa kwekombiyuta yekombiyuta inoita kuti zvikwanise kushanda nemanzwi ehupi hupi hurefu uye kunyange chero chimiro. Ukuwo, sezvatakaona munyaya yacho dissonances, nekufamba kwenguva, vateereri vanova vakavimbika kune zvisingawanzoitiki, kuwirirana kwakanyanya uye kwakaoma kunopinda mumimhanzi, iyo vanhu vanonzwisisa uye vanobvuma.

Asi pane kuoma kwechipiri munzira iyi, pamwe yakatonyanya kukosha.

Chokwadi ndechekuti patinongopfuura manotsi gumi nemaviri, tinorasikirwa nemanongedzo ese.

Ndeapi makonzonenzi ari makonzonendi uye ndeapi asiri?

Simba regiravhiti richavapo here?

Kuwirirana kuchavakwa pachii?

Pachava nechimwe chinhu chakafanana nemakiyi kana modhi?

Microchromatic

Zvechokwadi, kudzidzira kwemimhanzi chete ndiko kuchapa mhinduro dzakakwana kumibvunzo inobvunzwa. Asi isu tatova nemimwe michina yekutarisa pasi.

Kutanga, zvinodikanwa neimwe nzira kudoma nzvimbo yatiri kuenda. Kazhinji, masisitimu ese emimhanzi anoshandisa anopfuura gumi nemaviri manotsi paoctave inoiswa se microchromatic. Dzimwe nguva masisitimu umo nhamba yezvinyorwa zviri (kana kunyange isingasviki) 12 inosanganisirwa munzvimbo imwe chete, asi zvinyorwa izvi zvinosiyana kubva kune yakajairwa RTS-12. Semuenzaniso, kana uchishandisa Pythagorean kana chiyero chechisikigo, munhu anogona kutaura kuti microchromatic shanduko inoitwa kune zvinyorwa, zvichireva kuti aya manotsi anenge akaenzana neRTS-12, asi zvishoma kubva kwavari (Fig. 2).

Mumufananidzo 2 tinoona idzi shanduko diki, semuenzaniso, chinyorwa h Pythagorean chiyero chiri pamusoro pechinyorwa h kubva kuRTS-12, uye zvakasikwa h, pane zvinopesana, yakati pasi.

Asi maPythagorean uye tunings echisikigo akatangira kutaridzika kweRTS-12. Kwavari, mabasa avo pachavo akaumbwa, dzidziso yakatangwa, uye kunyange muzvinyorwa zvakapfuura takabata chimiro chavo mukupfuura.

Tinoda kuenda mberi.

Pane here zvikonzero zvinotimanikidza kuti tibve pane zvakajairika, zviri nyore, zvine musoro RTS-12 kuenda kune zvisingazivikanwe uye zvinoshamisa?

Hatizogara pazvikonzero zveprosaic sekuziva kwese nzira nemakwara muhurongwa hwedu hwemazuva ese. Ngatitorei zvirinani chokwadi chekuti mune chero hunyanzvi panofanirwa kuve nechikamu cheadventurism, uye ngatirovei munzira.

Compass

Chikamu chakakosha chemutambo wemimhanzi chinhu chakadai sekonsonanti. Iko kuchinjika kwemakonzonenzi uye dissonances izvo zvinopa kusimba kwemumhanzi, pfungwa yekufamba, kusimudzira.

Tinogona here kutsanangura consonance kune microchromatic harmonies?

Rangarira formula kubva kuchinyorwa nezve consonance:

Iyi fomula inokubvumira kuti uverenge consonance yechero nguva, kwete hazvo iyo yekare.

Kana tikaverenga consonance yenguva kubva to kumanzwi ose mukati meoctave imwe, tinowana mufananidzo unotevera (Fig. 3).

Hupamhi hwepakati hwakarongwa zvakachinjika pano mumasendi (apo masendi ari kuwanda kwe100, tinopinda munoti yenguva dzose kubva kuRTS-12), zvakamira - chiyero chekonsonanti: iyo yakakwira iyo poindi, iyo yakawanda sekonzonendi yakadaro. interval inonzwika.

Girafu yakadaro ichatibatsira kufamba mukati meiyo microchromatic intervals.

Kana zvichidikanwa, iwe unogona kutora fomula yekonsonanti yechords, asi inotaridzika zvakanyanya kuoma. Kurerutsa, tinogona kuyeuka kuti chord ipi neipi ine nhambo, uye konzonenzi yechodhi inogona kurangarirwa nenzira yakarurama zvikuru kupfurikidza nokuziva wirirano yezvikamu zvose zvinoiumba.

Mepu yemuno

Kutsinhirana kwenziyo hakungogumiri pakunzwisisa kwekonzonenzi.

Semuenzaniso, unogona kuwana konsonanti yakawanda kupfuura katatu kadiki, zvisinei, ine basa rinokosha nekuda kwechimiro chayo. Takadzidza chimiro ichi mune imwe yezvinyorwa zvekare.

Zviri nyore kufunga nezve harmonic maficha emimhanzi mukati nzvimbo yekuwanda, kana PC kwenguva pfupi.

Ngatirangarirei muchidimbu kuti inovakwa sei mune classical kesi.

Tine nzira nhatu dzakareruka dzekubatanidza manzwi maviri: kuwanda ne 2, kuwanda ne 3 uye kuwanza ne 5. Nzira idzi dzinobudisa matemo matatu munzvimbo yekuwanda (PC). Nhanho imwe neimwe pamwe nechero axis ndeyekuwedzeredza nekuwanda kunoenderana (Fig. 4).

Munzvimbo iyi, kana zvinyorwa zviri pedyo kune mumwe nemumwe, zvinonyanya kuumba makonzonendi.

Zvese zvivakwa zveharmonic: frets, makiyi, chords, mabasa anowana inooneka geometric inomiririra muPC.

Unogona kuona kuti tinotora nhamba huru sezvinhu zvakawanda: 2, 3, 5. Nhamba yepamusoro izwi remasvomhu rinoreva kuti nhamba inongopatsanurwa na1 uye pachayo.

Sarudzo iyi yezvakawanda inoruramiswa. Kana tikawedzera axis ine "isina-nyore" kuwanda kuPC, saka isu hatizowana zvinyorwa zvitsva. Semuyenzaniso, nhanho imwe neimwe inoenderana neaxis yekuwanza 6, netsanangudzo, kuwanza ne6, asi 6=2*3, saka, tinogona kuwana zvese izvi zvinyorwa nekuwanda 2 na3, kureva kuti, takanga tatova nazvo zvese. ivo vasina demo iri. Asi, semuenzaniso, kuwana 5 nekuwanza 2 na3 hazvishande, saka, zvinyorwa paaxis yekuwanda 5 zvichave zvitsva.

Saka, muPC zvine musoro kuti uwedzere mbezo dzezviwanza zviri nyore.

Inotevera nhamba huru mushure me2, 3 uye 5 ndeye 7. Ndiyo iyi inofanirwa kushandiswa kune zvimwe zvivakwa zvinowirirana.

Kana noti frequency to tinowanza ne7 (tinotora nhanho imwe chete neakisi itsva), uye ipapo octave (govanisa na 1) toendesa mhedzisiro inobuda kune yekutanga octave, tinowana ruzha rutsva zvachose rwusingashandiswe mumasikirwo emhando dzemimhanzi.

Nguva yepakati inosanganisira to uye chinyorwa ichi chichanzwika seizvi:

Hukuru hwepakati iyi i969 cents (sendi i1/100 yesemitone). Iyi nguva yakati chechetere pane diki yechinomwe (1000 cents).

Mumufananidzo 3 iwe unogona kuona poindi inoenderana neiyi nguva (pazasi payo inoratidzwa mutsvuku).

Chiyero che consonance yeiyi nguva i10%. Kana tichienzanisa, chikamu chidiki chetatu chine konzonenzi yakafanana, uye chechinomwe chidiki (zvose zvakasikwa uye Pythagorean) inguva ine konzonendi shoma pane iyi. Zvakakosha kutaura kuti tinoreva consonance yakaverengwa. Konsonanti inonzwisiswa inogona kunge yakati siyanei, sechikamu chidiki chechinomwe chekunzwa kwedu, nguva yacho inonyanyozivikanwa.

Ichi chinyorwa chitsva chichave chiri papi paPC? Kuwiriranai kwatingavaka nayo?

Kana tikatora octave axis (iyo axis ye multiplicity 2), ipapo classical PC ichashanduka kuva flat (Fig. 5).

Zvese zvinyorwa zviri mu octave kune mumwe nemumwe zvinonzi zvakafanana, saka kudzikisira kwakadaro kune imwe nhanho yepamutemo.

Chii chinoitika kana iwe ukawedzera kuwanda kwe7?

Sezvatakaona pamusoro apa, kuwanda kutsva kunopa mutsara mutsva muPC (Fig. 6).

Nzvimbo yacho inova matatu-dimensional.

Izvi zvinopa huwandu hukuru hwemikana.

Somuenzaniso, unogona kuvaka chords mundege dzakasiyana (Fig. 7).

Mune chidimbu chemimhanzi, unogona kufamba kubva kune imwe ndege kuenda kune imwe, kuvaka zvisingatarisirwi zvinongedzo uye counterpoints.

Asi nekuwedzera, zvinokwanisika kupfuudza mafirita manhamba uye kuvaka matatu-dimensional zvinhu: nerubatsiro rwechords kana nerubatsiro rwekufamba munzira dzakasiyana.

Kutamba nenhamba dze 3D, sezviri pachena, ichava hwaro hwe harmonic microchromatics.

Heino fananidzo mune izvi.

Panguva iyoyo, apo mimhanzi yakasimuka kubva ku "linear" Pythagorean system kuenda kune "flat" yakasikwa, kureva kuti, yakashandura chiyero kubva pa1 kusvika ku2, mimhanzi yakaita imwe yekuchinja kwakakosha. Tonalities, full-fledged polyphony, kushanda kwechords uye nhamba isingaverengeki yedzimwe nzira dzinoratidza dzakaonekwa. Mumhanzi wacho wakatozvarwa patsva.

Ikozvino tatarisana neshanduko yechipiri - microchromatic - kana dimension yachinja kubva pa2 kuenda pa3.

Sezvo vanhu veMiddle Ages vaisagona kufanotaura kuti "mimhanzi yakatsetseka" yaizova yakaita sei, saka zvakaoma kwatiri iye zvino kufungidzira kuti mimhanzi yemativi matatu ichave yakaita sei.

Ngatiraramei tinzwe.

Munyori - Roman Oleinikov