Otto Klemperer |

Otto Klemperer

Otto Klemperer, mumwe wevakuru vakuru vekuitisa hunyanzvi, anozivikanwa munyika yedu. Akatanga kuita muSoviet Union pakati pemakumi maviri.

“Pavakanzwisisa, kana kuti, nenzira yomuzvarirwo, vakanzwa kuti Klemperer akanga ari chii, vakatanga kuenda kwaari nenzira yokuti horo huru yePhilharmonic yakanga isisakwanisi kugarisa munhu wose aida kuteerera, uye zvinotokosha zvikuru, kuona kondakita ane mukurumbira. Kusaona Klemperer ndiko kuzvinyima dhigirii rakakura rekufungidzira. Kubva panguva yaanopinda pachikuva, Klemperer anotonga kutarisa kwevateereri. Anotevera chiito chake achinyatsoteerera. Murume akamira kuseri kwechinhu chisina chinhu (chibodzwa chiri mumusoro make) zvishoma nezvishoma anokura uye anozadza imba yese. Zvose zvinobatana kuita chiito chimwe chekusika, umo munhu wose aripo anoita seanotora chikamu. Klemperer anotora mhosva dzemunhu mumwe nemumwe kuitira kuti akwanise kuburitsa simba repfungwa rakaunganidzwa mune simba, rinokwezva uye rinonakidza rekugadzira fungidziro isingazive zvipingamupinyi… kusimuka pakuziva kwekusika kwenziyo huru dzenziyo, ndicho chakavanzika chekubudirira kukuru uko Klemperer anonyatso kunakidzwa munyika yedu.

Iyi ndiyo nzira iyo mumwe wevatsoropodzi veLeningrad akanyora kubva pane zvaanoona pamisangano yekutanga nemuimbi. Aya mashoko ane vavariro yakanaka anogona kupfuuridzirwa nokutaura kwomumwe muongorori akanyora mumakore mamwe chetewo: “Tarisiro, mufaro unoshamisa unotekeshera nounyanzvi hwaKlemperer. Kuita kwake, kuzere uye neunyanzvi, agara achirarama mimhanzi yekugadzira, isina kana dzidziso nedzidziso. Neushingi hunoshamisa, Klemperer akarova nechimiro chepedantic uye chakasimba kune kudhindwa chaiko kwechinyorwa chemimhanzi, mirairo uye zvirevo zvemunyori. Kakawanda sei kududzira kwake, kure neanowanzo, kwakakonzera kupikisa uye kusawirirana. I. Klemperer aigara achihwina.”

Zvakanga zvakadaro uye zvichiripo kusvikira nhasi unyanzvi hweKlemperer. Izvi ndizvo zvakaita kuti ave pedyo uye anzwisise kune vateereri pasi rose, ndezveizvi kuti kondakita ainyanya kudiwa munyika yedu. "Klemperer Major" (tsanangudzo yakarurama yemutsoropodzi akakurumbira M. Sokolsky), simba guru reunyanzvi hwake rakagara richienderana nemhepo yevanhu vanoedza ramangwana, vanhu vanobatsirwa neunyanzvi hukuru kuvaka hupenyu hutsva.

Nekuda kwekutarisa uku kwetarenda, Klemperer akave muturikiri asingaenzaniswi webasa raBeethoven. Wese munhu akanzwa nechishuwo nekurudziro yaanodzokorora zvivakwa zvakakura zveBeethoven's symphonies anonzwisisa kuti nei zvichigara zvichiratidzika kuvateereri kuti tarenda raKlemperer rakagadzirwa kuti ringobatanidza pfungwa dzaBeethoven dzevanhu. Uye zvakange zvisiri pasina kuti mumwe wevatsoropodzi veChirungu akadana ongororo yake yekonzati inotevera yemuitisi seizvi: "Ludwig van Klemperer".

Zvechokwadi, Beethoven haasi iye Klemperer chete mukuru. Simba rinongoerekana raitika uye chido chakasimba chinokunda kududzira kwake symphonies yaMahler, umo anogara achisimbisa chido chechiedza, pfungwa dzekunaka uye hukama hwevanhu. Mune yakakura repertoire yeKlemperer, mapeji mazhinji eiyo classics anouya kuhupenyu nenzira nyowani, maanoziva kufema humwe hutsva hunokosha. Ukuru hwaBach naHandel, kunakidzwa kwerudo kwaSchubert naSchumann, huzivi hwakadzika hweBrahms naTchaikovsky, kubwinya kwaDebussy naStravinsky - zvose izvi zvinowana maari muturikiri akasiyana uye akakwana.

Uye kana tikarangarira kuti Klemperer anoitisa nekufarira kudiki muimba yeopera, achipa mienzaniso yakanakisa yekuitwa kwemaopera naMozart, Beethoven, Wagner, Bizet, ipapo kuyerwa uye kusingaverengeki kwekugadzira horizons kwemuimbi kuchajeka.

Hupenyu hwese uye nzira yekugadzira yemuitisi muenzaniso wekuzvipira, kusazvipira kushumiro kune art. Akazvarwa muBreslau, mwanakomana wemutengesi, akawana zvidzidzo zvake zvekutanga zvemimhanzi kubva kuna amai vake, mutambi wepiyano wemamateur. Mushure mokunge apedza chikoro chesekondari, jaya racho raizovawo muimbi wepiyano, panguva imwe chete akadzidza dzidziso yekuumbwa. “Nguva yose iyi,” anoyeuka kudaro Klemperer, “ndakanga ndisingazivi kuti ndingava nemano okuitisa. Ndakapinda munzira yomutungamiriri nokuda kwomukana wandakawana muna 1906 pandakasangana naMax Reinhardt, uyo akandikumbira kuti ndiite mutambo weOffenbach's Orpheus in Hell, yaakanga achangobva kuita. Ndagamuchira kupihwa uku, ndakabva ndahwina budiriro huru zvekuti yakakwezva kutarisa kwaGustav Mahler. Apa ndipo pakachinja hupenyu hwangu. Mahler akandipa zano kuti ndizvipire ndimene chose chose pakuitisa, uye muna 1907 akandirumbidza nokuda kwebasa romutungamiriri mukuru weGerman Opera House muPrague.

Kutungamira ipapo dzimba dzeopera muHamburg, Strasbourg, Cologne, Berlin, kutenderera nyika zhinji, Klemperer akazivikanwa semumwe weakanakisa conductor munyika atove mumakore makumi maviri. Zita rake rakava mureza wakaungana vaimbi vemazuva ano vakanaka nevateveri vetsika huru dzechinyakare art.

PaKroll Theatre muBerlin, Klemperer haana kuita zvechinyakare chete, asiwo akawanda mabasa matsva - Hindemith's Cardillac uye Nhau dzeZuva, Stravinsky's Oedipus Rex, Prokofiev's The Love for Three Oranges nemamwe.

Kuva nesimba kwevaNazi kwakamanikidza Klemperer kubva muGermany ndokudzungaira kwemakore akawanda. MuSwitzerland, Austria, USA, Canada, South America - kwese kwese makonti ake nemitambo yakaitwa mukukunda. Nguva pfupi hondo yapera, akadzokera kuEurope. Pakutanga, Klemperer akashanda kuBudapest State Opera, kwaakaita zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoshamisa zvemitambo yaBeethoven, Wagner, Mozart, akazogara muSwitzerland kwenguva yakareba, uye mumakore achangopfuura London yakava imba yake. Pano anoita nemakonzati, marekodhi pamarekodhi, kubva pano anoita ake uye achiri akawanda nzendo dzekonzati.

Klemperer murume ane chido chisingachinji uye ushingi. Kanoverengeka hosha yakakomba yakamubvisa pachikuva. Muna 1939, akavhiyiwa bundu remuuropi uye akapotsa aoma mitezo, asi zvinopesana nefungidziro dzevanachiremba, akamira pane iyo console. Gare gare, semugumisiro wekudonha uye kuputsika kwemusana, muiti wacho aifanirazve kupedza mwedzi yakawanda muchipatara, asi akakunda zvakare chirwere chacho. Makore mashomanana gare gare, ari mukiriniki, Klemperer akangoerekana abatwa nehope paakanga akarara pamubhedha. Mudzanga wakadonha kubva mumaoko ake wakapisa gumbeze, conductor akatsva zvakanyanya. Uye zvakare, simba uye rudo rweunyanzvi zvakamubatsira kuti adzokere kuhupenyu, kusika.

Makore akachinja chitarisiko chaKlemperer. Pane imwe nguva, akashamisa vateereri uye ochestra nechitarisiko chake chete. Chimiro chake chakakwirira chakakwirira pamusoro pehoro, kunyange zvazvo kondakita asina kushandisa ponji. Nhasi, Klemperer anoitisa akagara. Asi nguva haina simba pamusoro petarenda uye unyanzvi. “Unogona kuitisa neruoko rumwe chete. Kazhinji yenguva, unogona kungoziva nekutarisa. Uye kana iri chigaro - saka, Mwari wangu, nokuti mu opera makondakita ose anogara achiitisa! Hazvina kunyanya kuwanda muhoro yemakonzati – ndizvo chete,” anodaro Klemperer akadzikama.

Uye senguva dzose, anokunda. Nokuti, kuteerera kuridza orchestra pasi pekutungamira kwake, iwe unorega kucherechedza chigaro, uye maoko anorwadza, uye chiso chakaunyana. Mimhanzi chete inosara, uye ichiri yakakwana uye inokurudzira.

L. Grigoriev, J. Platek, 1969